CoreBuilder® 9000
`Implementation Guide
`
`Release 3.0
`
`http://www.3com.com/
`
`Part No. 10012688
`Published September 1999
`
`ANI-ITC-944 945-3444425
`
`Exhibit 2004
`IPR2016-00309
`
`

`
`3Com Corporation
`5400 Bayfront Plaza
`Santa Clara, California
`95052-8145
`
`Copyright© 1999, 3Com Corporation. All rights reserved. No part of this documentation may be reproduced
`in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative work (such as translation, transformation, or
`adaptation) without written permission from 3Com Corporation.
`
`3Com Corporation reserves the right to revise this documentation and to make changes in content from time
`to time without obligation on the part of 3Com Corporation to provide notification of such revision or change
`
`3Com Corporation provides this documentation without warranty, term, or condition of any kind, either
`implied or expressed, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties, terms, or conditions of
`merchantability, satisfactory quality, and fitness for a particular purpose. 3Com may make improvements or
`changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this documentation at any time
`
`If there is any software on removable media described in this documentation, it is furnished under a license
`agreement included with the product as a separate document, in the hardcopy documentation, or on the
`removable media in a directory file named LICENSE.TXTor ILICENSE.TXT If you are unable to locate a copy,
`please contact 3Com and a copy will be provided to you.
`
`UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT LEGEND
`
`If you are a United States government agency, then this documentation and the software described herein are
`provided to you subject to the following.·
`
`All technical data and computer software are commercial in nature and developed solely at private expense.
`Software is delivered as "Commercial Computer Software" as defined in DFARS 252.227-7014 (June 1995) or
`as a "commercial item" as defined in FAR 2.101(a) and as such is provided with only such rights as are
`provided in 3Com's standard commercial license for the Software. Technical data is provided with limited rights
`only as provided in DFAR 252.227-7015 (~lov 1995) or FAR 52.227-14 (June 1987), whichever is applicable.
`You agree not to remove or deface any portion of any legend provided on any licensed program or
`documentation contained in, or delivered to you in conjunction with, this User Guide.
`
`Unless otherwise indicated, 3Com registered trademarks are registered in the United States and may or may
`not be registered in other countries.
`
`3Com, the 3Com logo, Boundary Routing, CoreBuilder, DynamicAccess, NETBuilder II, PACE, SmartAgent,
`SuperStack, and Transcend are registered trademarks of 3Com Corporation. 3Com Facts is a service mark of
`3Com Corporation.
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`Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, and PostScript are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems, Inc. Apple Talk and
`Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Incorporated. VINES is a registered trademark of
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`Compaq Computer Corporation. OpenView is a registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard Company. AIX, IBM,
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`in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through X/Open Company, Ltd.
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`All other company and product names may be trademarks of the respective companies with which they are
`associated.
`
`Guide written by the Implementation Guide Team, Marlborough, MA
`
`ANI-ITC-944 945-3444426
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`

`
`CONTENTS
`
`30
`
`ABOUT THIS GUIDE
`Conventions
`29
`CoreBuilder 9000 Documentation
`Paper Documents
`31
`32
`Documents on CD-ROM
`32
`World Wide Web Site
`3Com Facts Automated Fax Service
`Documentation Comments
`33
`Year 2000 Compliance
`33
`
`32
`
`1 CONFIGURATION OVERVIEW
`Physical Configuration Overview
`Order of Installation Activities
`System Management Summary
`System Configuration Process
`Configuration Procedure
`
`36
`37
`37
`38
`38
`
`2 MANAGEMENT ACCESS
`42
`Management Access Overview
`42
`Administration Console Overview
`SNMP-Based Network Management Overview
`Key Concepts
`45
`45
`Relationship to the EME
`Management and Data Channels
`Protocols
`46
`46
`Virtual Terminal Protocols
`Simple Network Management Protocol
`Key Guidelines for Implementation
`48
`Access Methods
`48
`IP Management Interface
`
`49
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`46
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`47
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`49
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`Administration Console Access
`Access Levels
`49
`Terminal Port Access
`Modem Port Access
`Web Management Access
`Browser Requirements
`SNMP Access
`52
`
`50
`50
`51
`51
`
`54
`
`3 MODUlE PARAMETERS
`Module Parameters Overview
`Features
`54
`Benefits
`55
`Key Concepts
`55
`How to Set and Modify Module Parameters
`Terminology
`55
`Redundancy
`56
`Important Consideration
`Implementing Redundancy
`57
`nvData
`
`56
`56
`
`55
`
`60
`64
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`69
`69
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`71
`
`4 PHYSICAl PORT NUMBERING
`Basic Port Attributes
`60
`Role of the 24-port Switch Fabric Module in the Chassis
`Role of the 9-port Switch Fabric Module in the Chassis
`Configuring GEN Interface Module Ports
`65
`Default Port Settings
`66
`Configuring Port Status
`69
`9-port GEN Switch Fabric Module Configurations
`24-port GEN Switch Fabric Module Configurations
`16-slot Chassis Backplane Configuration
`69
`7-slot Chassis and 8-slot Chassis Backplane Configuration
`Module Port Numbering
`73
`74
`Example of Port Numbering
`Key Guidelines for Implementation
`75
`Effects of Removing a Module
`VLAN Changes
`75
`Trunk Changes
`76
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`75
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`76
`Effects of Replacing Modules
`Replacing Modules of the Same Type
`Replacing Modules of Different Types
`
`76
`77
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`80
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`81
`81
`81
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`5 ETHERNET
`Ethernet Overview
`Features
`80
`Benefits
`81
`Link Bandwidths
`Link Availability
`Other Benefits
`Key Concepts
`82
`84
`Ethernet Packet Processing
`Key Guidelines for Implementation
`Link Bandwidths
`86
`Trunks
`86
`Port Enable and Disable (Port State)
`Important Considerations
`87
`87
`Port Labels
`Implementing Port Labels
`Autonegotiation
`88
`Important Considerations
`Port Mode
`90
`Important Considerations
`91
`Flow Control
`Important Considerations
`PACE Interactive Access
`92
`Important Considerations
`Port Monitoring
`92
`Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading
`Ethernet Protocol
`93
`Media Specifications
`Related Reading
`94
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`86
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`87
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`87
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`88
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`90
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`91
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`92
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`93
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`93
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`6
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`fiBER DISTRIBUTED DATA INTERFACE (FDDI)
`FDDI Overview
`96
`Features
`96
`Benefits
`96
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`99
`101
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`105
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`1 05
`106
`
`97
`Key Concepts
`97
`Related Standards
`98
`FDDI Network Topologies
`Physical Topology: A Ring of Trees
`Logical Topology: The Dual Ring
`Nodes and Attachments
`101
`Nodes
`101
`1 02
`Attachments
`1 02
`Node Types
`1 04
`Dual Homing
`1 04
`FDDI Stations
`SMT Operation
`FDDI MIB
`105
`Frame-based Protocols
`Primary and Secondary Paths
`106
`Media Access Control
`MAC Services
`1 07
`MAC Operation
`1 07
`Ports
`107
`Key Guidelines for Implementation
`FDDI Stations
`1 09
`1 09
`Setting the Connection Policies
`109
`Effects and Consequences
`Setting Neighbor Notification Timer
`Effects and Consequences
`110
`Enabling and Disabling Status Reporting
`FDDI Paths
`111
`111
`Setting tvxlowerBound
`Effects and Consequences
`Setting tmaxlowerBound
`111
`Setting maxT-Req
`112
`Effects and Consequences
`FDDI MACs
`112
`112
`Setting the Frame Error Threshold
`Effects and Consequences
`112
`Setting the Not Copied Threshold
`113
`Enabling and Disabling LLC Service
`113
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`108
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`11 0
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`111
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`112
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`111
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`113
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`114
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`113
`FDDI Ports
`113
`Setting lerAiarm
`Effects and Consequences
`Setting lerC utoff
`114
`Effects and Consequences
`Setting Port Labels
`114
`114
`Station Mode (DAS and SAS)
`Single Attachment Station (SAS)
`Dual Attachment Station (DAS)
`Effects and Consequences
`Sample FDDI Configurations
`115
`Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading
`Requests For Comments (RFCs)
`117
`Standards Organizations
`117
`Related Reading
`117
`
`114
`114
`115
`
`117
`
`7 BRIDGE-WIDE AND BRIDGE PORT PARAMETERS
`Bridging Overview
`120
`Benefits
`120
`Features
`1 21
`122
`Key Bridging Concepts
`122
`Learning Addresses
`122
`Aging Addresses
`Forwarding, Filtering, and Flooding Packets
`123
`Spanning Tree Protocol
`How the Spanning Tree Protocol Works
`CBPDUs at Work
`125
`12 5
`Bridge Hierarchy
`Actions That Result from CBPDU Information
`Contents of CBPDUs
`128
`Comparing CBPDUs
`128
`How a Single Bridge Interprets CBPDUs
`How Multiple Bridges Interpret CBPDUs
`Determining the Root Bridge
`133
`Determining the Root Ports
`133
`Determining the Designated Bridge and Designated Ports
`13 5
`Spanning Tree Port States
`
`129
`130
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`123
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`125
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`126
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`133
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`Reconfiguring the Bridged Network Topology
`Resulting Actions
`137
`138
`Key Guidelines for Implementation
`STP Bridge and Port Parameters
`140
`Administering Bridge-wide STP
`140
`Controlling STP on a Port
`142
`Effects and Consequences
`142
`Frame Processing
`MAC Address Table
`143
`Aging Time
`143
`143
`Address Threshold
`Important Considerations
`IP Fragmentation
`144
`IPX SNAP Translation
`145
`Broadcast and Multicast Limit for Bridge Ports
`Important Considerations
`146
`GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP)
`Important Considerations
`147
`Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading
`
`142
`
`144
`
`137
`
`145
`
`146
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`148
`
`1 51
`1 52
`1 52
`
`8 CLASS OF SERVICE (CoS)
`Overview
`1 50
`151
`Key Concepts
`Basic Elements of the Standard
`Format of Prioritized Packets
`Queues and Priority Levels
`CoS in Your System
`153
`CoS Architecture
`153
`154
`Important Considerations
`Configuring Priority Levels
`1 54
`Configuring a Rate Limit on Queue 1
`Important Considerations
`155
`Handling Tagged and Untagged Packets
`Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading
`
`154
`
`156
`156
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`9
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`161
`161
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`162
`
`IP MULTICAST fiLTERING WITH IGMP
`Overview
`1 58
`Benefits
`1 58
`Key Concepts
`159
`159
`Devices That Generate IP Multicast Packets
`Group Addresses and Group Members
`160
`160
`Communication Protocols
`IP Multicast Delivery Process
`161
`How Routers and Switches Use IG M P
`Tracking Group Member Locations
`How Hosts Use IGMP
`162
`Host Membership Reports
`Join Message
`162
`162
`Leave-Group Messages
`Report Suppression and Effect on Switch Activity
`163
`Configuring IGMP in Your System
`Key Implementation Guidelines
`164
`Processing IP Multicast Packets
`166
`Effects of MAC Address Aliasing
`167
`Important Considerations
`168
`169
`Operating as the Querier
`Locating Multicast Routers
`169
`170
`Aging the IGMP Tables
`Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading
`
`163
`
`170
`
`172
`
`10 TRUNKING
`Trunking Overview
`Features
`172
`Benefits
`172
`173
`Key Concepts
`Port Numbering in a Trunk
`173
`Trunk Control Message Protocol (TCMP)
`Key Guidelines for Implementation
`175
`General Guidelines
`175
`Trunk Capacity Guidelines
`Automatic Backplane Trunking
`Important Considerations
`
`177
`178
`178
`
`174
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`179
`
`179
`Defining Trunks
`Important Considerations
`181
`Modifying Trunks
`Important Considerations
`Removing Trunks
`181
`181
`Important Consideration
`Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading
`
`181
`
`182
`
`184
`
`186
`
`11 RESiliENT liNKS
`Resilient Links Overview
`Features
`185
`Benefits
`185
`Key Concepts
`185
`Key Guidelines for Implementation
`General Guidelines
`186
`186
`Resilient Link Define and Modify
`Important Considerations
`186
`Resilient Link State
`187
`Important Considerations
`Resilient Link Active Port
`187
`Important Considerations
`Resilient Link Remove
`187
`Important Consideration
`
`187
`
`187
`
`187
`
`12 VIRTUAllANs (VLANs)
`VLAN Overview
`190
`Need for VLANs
`190
`191
`Benefits
`VLANs on the CoreBuilder 9000
`Features
`195
`Key Concepts
`197
`Related Standards and Protocols
`Tagging Types
`198
`VLAN IDs
`199
`200
`Terminology
`
`191
`
`197
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`201
`203
`
`206
`
`223
`225
`
`215
`216
`216
`
`201
`Key Guidelines for Implementation
`Migration Path for Network-based VLANs
`VLANs Created by Router Port IP Interfaces
`Design Guidelines
`204
`Procedural Guidelines
`205
`Number of VLANs
`206
`Equation for VLANs on Layer 3 Switching Modules
`208
`VLAN Aware Mode
`General Guidelines
`210
`212
`VLAN aiiOpen or aiiCiosed Mode
`Important Considerations
`212
`Modifying the
`214
`VLAN Mode
`Mode Requirements
`Using aiiOpen Mode
`Using aiiC lased Mode
`Port-based VLANs
`217
`The Default VLAN
`217
`Modifying the Default VLAN
`Trunking and the Default VLAN
`User-Configured Port-based VLANs
`Important Considerations
`221
`222
`Example 1: A Single VLAN Configuration
`Example 2: VLANs with Tagged Backplane Ports
`Example 3: VLANs with Tagged Front-Panel Ports
`228
`Dynamic Port-based VLANs Using GVRP
`Important Considerations
`228
`Example: GVRP
`230
`Protocol-based VLANs
`231
`231
`Important Considerations
`232
`Selecting a Protocol Suite
`Establishing Routing Between VLANs
`Important Considerations
`233
`Example 1: Routing Between Layer 3 Modules
`Example 2: One-Armed Routing Configuration
`Network-based IP VLANs
`240
`Important Considerations
`240
`Example: Network-based VLANs
`
`218
`219
`221
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`233
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`234
`236
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`241
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`244
`244
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`249
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`244
`Ignore STP Mode
`Important Considerations
`Example: Ignore STP Mode
`Rules of VLAN Operation
`246
`Ingress Rules
`246
`Egress Rules
`249
`Standard Bridging Rules for Outgoing Frames
`Tag Status Rules
`249
`2 50
`Examples of Flooding and Forwarding Decisions
`Example 1: Flooding Decisions for Protocol-based VLANs
`251
`Example 2: VLAN Exception Flooding
`Rules for Network-based (Layer 3) VLANs
`251
`2 52
`Example 3: Decisions for One Network-based VLAN
`Example 4: Forwarding and Flooding for Network-based VLANs
`Modifying and Removing VLANs
`254
`255
`Monitoring VLAN Statistics
`
`2 50
`
`2 53
`
`13 PACKET FilTERING
`258
`Packet Filtering Overview
`258
`What Can You Filter?
`When Is a Filter Applied?- Paths
`259
`Input Packet Filtering: Receive Path
`2 59
`Output Packet Filtering: Transmit Path
`259
`Internal Packet Filtering: Receive Internal Path
`Path Assignment
`260
`Key Concepts
`261
`261
`Standard Packet Filters
`262
`Custom Packet Filters
`263
`Important Considerations
`Managing Packet Filters
`263
`265
`Tools for Writing Filters
`ASCII Text Editor
`265
`Built-in Line Editor
`265
`267
`Web Management Filter Builder Tool
`269
`Downloading Custom Packet Filters
`Setting Up Your Environment
`269
`Loading a Custom Filter on the CoreBuilder 9000
`
`259
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`270
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`271
`271
`272
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`280
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`284
`284
`
`271
`The Packet Filtering Language
`Principles for Writing a Custom Filter
`How the Packet Filter Language Works
`Procedure for Writing a Custom Filter
`Packet Filter Opcodes
`274
`Implementing Sequential Tests in a Packet Filter
`282
`Common Syntax Errors
`Custom Packet Filter Examples
`Destination Address Filter
`Source Address Filter
`284
`284
`Length Filter
`Type Filter
`285
`285
`Ethernet Type IPX and Multicast Filter
`Multiple Destination Address Filter
`285
`Source Address and Type Filter
`286
`286
`Accept XNS or IP Filter
`XNS Routing Filter
`286
`Port Group Filter
`287
`Limits to Filter Size
`287
`Using Port Groups in Custom Packet Filters
`Port Group Packet Filter Example
`288
`Port Group Filter Operation
`288
`Port Group Management and Control Functions
`Defining Port Groups
`291
`Important Considerations
`Long Custom Filter Example
`292
`Filtering Problem
`292
`Packet Filter Solution
`293
`Packet Filter One
`295
`Packet Filter Two
`296
`Combining a Subset of the Filters
`298
`Combining All the Filters
`Optimizing the Filter with Accept and Reject Commands
`
`288
`
`291
`
`291
`
`297
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`299
`
`14
`
`IP ROUTING
`302
`Routing Overview
`Routing in a Subnetworked Environment
`305
`Integrating Bridging and Routing
`
`304
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`310
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`311
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`314
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`314
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`305
`306
`
`Bridging and Routing Models
`3Com Bridging and Routing
`IP Routing Overview
`308
`Features and Benefits
`309
`Key Concepts
`309
`Multiple IP Interfaces per VLAN
`309
`Media Access Control (MAC) Address
`Network-Layer Address
`310
`IP Addresses
`310
`Dotted Decimal Notation
`Network Portion
`311
`Subnetwork Portion
`312
`313
`Subnet Mask Numbering
`Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs)
`How VLSMs Work
`314
`Guidelines for Using VLSMs
`315
`Router Interfaces
`Routing Table
`316
`Default Route
`318
`Routing Models: Port-based and VLAN-based
`Key Guidelines for Implementing IP Routing
`Configure Trunks (Optional)
`319
`Configure IP VLANs
`320
`320
`Establish Your IP Interfaces
`320
`Interface Parameters
`321
`Important Consideration
`Defining an IP Interface
`321
`Enable IP Routing
`321
`322
`Administering IP Routing
`Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
`Important Considerations
`324
`ARP Proxy
`325
`Important Considerations
`Example
`325
`Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
`ICMP Router Discovery
`327
`Important Considerations
`327
`Example
`328
`
`318
`319
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`322
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`325
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`326
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`329
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`330
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`330
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`333
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`333
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`332
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`328
`ICMP Redirect
`Important Considerations
`Broadcast Address
`330
`Important Considerations
`Directed Broadcast
`330
`330
`Important Considerations
`Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
`Basic Rl P Parameters
`331
`RIP Mode
`331
`Compatibility Mode
`Cost
`332
`Poison Reverse
`332
`333
`Advertisement Address
`Effects and Consequences
`RIP-1 Versus RIP-2
`333
`Important Considerations
`334
`Routing Policies
`335
`How Routing Policies Work
`336
`Important Considerations
`Implementing RIP Routing Policies
`RIP Metric Adjustments
`337
`RIP Import Policy Conditions for Specified Interfaces
`RIP Export Policy Conditions for Specified Interfaces
`Multiple Matched Routing Policies
`339
`340
`Setting Up RIP Routing Policies
`Effects and Consequences
`340
`Creating RIP Routing Policies
`341
`Domain Name System (DNS)
`342
`Important Considerations
`342
`User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Helper
`Implementing UDP Helper
`343
`Configuring Overlapped Interfaces
`Important Considerations
`344
`Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading
`Requests For Comments (RFCs)
`345
`Standards Organizations
`345
`Related Reading
`346
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`344
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`338
`339
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`336
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`343
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`345
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`352
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`354
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`355
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`3 57
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`15 VIRTUAl ROUTER REDUNDANCY PROTOCOl (VRRP)
`VRRP Overview
`348
`348
`Router to Router
`Host to Host and Host to Gateway
`348
`Routing Protocols
`IC M P Router Discovery
`Static Route
`349
`Default Gateway
`Example
`349
`Key Concepts
`350
`3 51
`How VRRP Works
`Virtual Router Decision-making
`Important Considerations
`353
`VRRP and Other Networking Operations
`Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
`355
`Dynamic Routing Protocols (RIP, RIP-2, OSPF)
`IGMP Queries
`356
`ICMP Redirect
`357
`Quality of Service
`357
`IP Routing Policies
`357
`Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHC P)
`Using VRRP On Your CoreBuilder 9000
`357
`VRRP with Multiple Virtual Routers
`357
`Spanning Tree Considerations
`360
`End Station Configuration
`360
`VRRP Activity
`361
`Sequence of Failover Events
`VRRP with a Single Virtual Router
`364
`Configuring VRRP
`364
`Configuring Router 1 as the Master Router
`Configuring the Protocol (IP) VLAN of the Master Router
`Configuring the IP Interfaces
`366
`Configuring the Master Router
`367
`Configuring Router 2 as the Backup Router
`367
`Configuring the Protocol (IP) VLAN of the Backup Router
`Configuring the IP Interfaces
`369
`Configuring the Backup Router
`370
`
`361
`362
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`348
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`348
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`349
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`365
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`368
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`16
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`Switching from Master Router to Backup Router
`371
`Disabling the Master Router
`Displaying the Results of the Master Router Change
`Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading
`372
`
`370
`
`371
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`376
`
`377
`
`378
`
`378
`
`IP MUlTICAST ROUTING
`IP Multicast Overview
`374
`374
`Unicast Model
`Broadcast Model
`374
`Multicast Model
`374
`375
`Benefits of IP Multicast
`How a Network Supports IP Multicast
`IP Multicast Routing
`376
`Supporting Protocols in Your Module
`IP Multicast Tunnels
`377
`Supporting Protocol in Your Module
`IP Multicast Filtering
`378
`Supporting Protocol in Your Layer 3 Switching Module
`Internet Support for IP Multicast
`379
`Key Concepts
`379
`379
`Traffic Movement
`380
`IP Multicast Groups
`380
`Source-Group Pairs
`Multicast Addresses
`380
`380
`Registered Groups
`Reserved MAC Addresses
`How IGMP Supports IP Multicast
`Electing the Querier
`382
`Query Messages
`382
`Host Messages
`382
`Response to Queries
`Join Message
`383
`383
`Leave-Group Messages
`Role of IGMP in IP Multicast Filtering
`
`381
`382
`
`382
`
`383
`
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`
`384
`
`387
`388
`
`389
`
`390
`
`393
`
`393
`
`How DVMRP Supports IP Multicast
`Spanning Tree Delivery
`384
`385
`Managing the Spanning Tree
`Interface Relationships
`386
`Broadcasting
`386
`Pruning
`386
`Grafting
`387
`DVMRP Interface Characteristics
`Key Guidelines for Implementation
`Configuration Procedure
`388
`Impact of Multicast Limits
`389
`Impact of IEEE 802.1 Q on Multicasts
`Protocollnteroperability
`389
`Configuring IGMP Options
`390
`Querying and Snooping Modes
`390
`Important Considerations
`Configuring DVMRP Interfaces
`390
`Important Considerations
`390
`Configuring DVMRP Tunnels
`391
`Important Considerations
`391
`Configuring DVMRP Default Routes
`393
`How Default Routes Work
`How to Configure A Default Route
`Important Considerations
`393
`Viewing the DVMRP Routing Table
`394
`Viewing the DVMRP Cache
`394
`Using IP Multicast Traceroute
`395
`Important Considerations
`396
`Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading
`
`396
`
`17 OPEN SHORTEST PATH fiRST (OSPF) ROUTING
`OSPF Overview
`398
`Features
`398
`Benefits
`400
`Key Concepts
`403
`Autonomous Systems
`Areas
`403
`
`403
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`403
`
`406
`
`408
`409
`
`406
`
`415
`
`Neighbors and Adjacency
`Router Types
`404
`Router IDs
`405
`Protocol Packets
`405
`How OSPF Routing Works
`Starting Up
`406
`406
`Finding Neighbors
`406
`Establishing Adjacencies
`Electing the Backup Designated Router
`Electing the Designated Router
`407
`Calculating Shortest Path Trees
`407
`Routing Packets
`407
`Key Guidelines for Implementing OSPF
`Autonomous System Boundary Routers
`Configuring an ASBR
`409
`Areas
`411
`412
`Types of Areas
`Area Border Routers
`414
`414
`Routing Databases
`Configuring Route Summarization in ABRs
`Important Considerations
`415
`Default Route Metric
`418
`OSPF Interfaces
`418
`Mode
`418
`419
`Priority
`Using Priority to Select a Designated Router
`Area ID
`420
`Cost
`420
`Specifying Cost Metrics for Preferred Paths
`Delay
`421
`421
`Hello Interval
`Retransmit Interval
`Dead Interval
`422
`Password
`422
`Statistics
`423
`Important Considerations
`Link State Databases
`425
`Router Link State Advertisements
`Network Link State Advertisements
`
`419
`
`420
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`422
`
`423
`
`42 5
`426
`
`

`
`431
`
`433
`
`434
`
`438
`
`440
`
`435
`
`436
`
`427
`428
`
`Summary Link State Advertisements
`External Link State Advertisements
`Important Considerations
`429
`430
`Neighbors
`Neighbor Information
`Static Neighbors
`433
`Important Considerations
`434
`Router IDs
`Important Considerations
`OSPF Memory Partition
`43 5
`435
`Default Memory Allocation
`Current Partition Maximum Size
`Allocated Memory Size
`436
`Running Out of Memory- Soft Restarts
`Manual Memory Allocation
`437
`System Memory Allocation
`437
`437
`Stub Default Metrics
`Important Considerations
`Virtual Links
`438
`Important Considerations
`OSPF Routing Policies
`440
`441
`Important Considerations
`Implementing Import Policies
`443
`Import Policies at a Glance
`445
`Import Example 1: Accept Route
`Import Example 2: Reject Route
`Implementing Export Policies
`446
`Export Policies for RIP and Static Routes
`Export Policies for Direct Interfaces
`450
`Export Example 1: Prohibit Advertisement of non-OSPF
`Interfaces
`450
`451
`Export Example 2: Prohibit Advertisement of Static Address
`Export Example 3: Prohibit Advertisement of RIP Routes
`451
`Export Example 4: Advertisement of Direct Interfaces
`452
`452
`Export Example 5: Advertisement of Static Routes
`Export Example 6: Advertisement of RIP Routes
`453
`OSPF Statistics
`454
`Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading
`
`446
`446
`
`449
`
`455
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`18
`
`458
`
`463
`
`466
`
`467
`
`469
`
`470
`
`IPX ROUTING
`IPX Routing Overview
`Features
`459
`Benefits
`459
`Key Concepts
`460
`460
`How IPX Routing Works
`460
`IPX Packet Format
`462
`IPX Packet Delivery
`Sending Node's Responsibility
`Router's Responsibility
`464
`Terminology
`465
`Key Guidelines for Implementation
`Procedural Guidelines
`466
`General Guidelines
`466
`IPX Interfaces
`467
`Important Considerations
`Per-Interface Options
`469
`NetBIOS Option
`469
`OddLengthPadding Option
`IPX Routes
`469
`469
`Important Considerations
`Primary and Secondary Routes
`Static Routes
`470
`Dynamic Routes Using RIP
`Routing Tables
`471
`Selecting the Best Route
`IPX Servers
`473
`473
`Important Considerations
`Primary and Secondary Servers
`Static Servers
`474
`474
`Dynamic Servers Using SAP
`Maintaining Server Information
`475
`SAP Aging
`475
`SAP Request Handling
`475
`Server Tables
`IPX Forwarding
`476
`Important Considerations
`
`474
`
`470
`
`472
`
`475
`
`476
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`477
`
`477
`IPX RIP Mode
`Important Considerations
`RIP Policies
`478
`478
`RIP Import Policies
`478
`RIP Export Policies
`RIP Policy Parameters
`479
`IPX SAP Mode
`480
`Important Considerations
`SAP Policies
`480
`481
`SAP Import Polices
`481
`SAP Export Policies
`SAP Policy Parameters
`481
`IPX Statistics
`482
`Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading
`
`480
`
`19 APPLETALK ROUTING
`AppleTalk Overview
`484
`Features
`484
`Benefits
`485
`Key Concepts
`486
`486
`AppleTalk Protocols
`487
`Physical Layer Protocols
`487
`Link Layer Protocols
`487
`Network Layer Protocols
`488
`Transport Layer Protocols
`491
`Session Layer Protocols
`492
`Presentation Layer Protocols
`AppleTalk Network Elements
`493
`AppleTalk Networks
`493
`AppleTalk Nodes
`493
`494
`Named Entities
`AppleTalk Zones
`494
`Seed Routers
`494
`Terminology
`494
`Key Implementation Guidelines
`AppleTalk Interfaces
`496
`Important Considerations
`
`497
`
`495
`
`482
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`
`500
`
`498
`AppleTalk Routes
`499
`Important Considerations
`AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP) Cache
`AppleTalk Zones
`502
`503
`Important Considerations
`Changing Zone Names
`504
`Aging Out the Network Range
`Forwarding AppleTalk Traffic
`506
`Enabling Forwarding
`506
`Disabling Forwarding
`506
`Important Considerations
`Checksum Error Detection
`Important Considerations
`AppleTalk Echo Protocol (AEP)
`AppleTalk Statistics
`508
`Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP)
`Routing Table Maintenance Protocol
`Zone Information Protocol
`51 0
`Name Binding Protocol
`511
`Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading
`
`504
`
`508
`509
`
`512
`
`506
`507
`507
`507
`
`20 QoS AND RSVP
`QoS Overview
`514
`Features
`514
`Benefits
`51 5
`Methods of Using QoS
`Key Concepts
`516
`Related Standards and Protocols
`IEEE 802.1p
`516
`Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)
`Terminology
`517
`Key Guidelines for Implementation
`Procedural Guidelines
`521
`General Guidelines
`521
`QoS Classifiers
`522
`Important Considerations
`Using Predefined Classifiers
`
`515
`
`516
`
`521
`
`522
`522
`
`517
`
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`
`523
`
`52 5
`
`527
`
`529
`530
`
`534
`536
`
`Assigning Flow and Nonflow Classifier Numbers
`524
`Defining Flow Classifiers
`525
`Flow Classifier Information
`Specifying Addresses and Address Masks
`526
`Specifying Ports and Port Ranges
`Defining NonFiow Classifiers
`527
`NonFiow Classifier Information
`QoS Controls
`528
`Important Considerations
`Assigning Control Numbers
`Specifying Rate Limits
`532
`Specifying Service Levels
`533
`Specifying TCP Drop Control
`Setting the QoS Timer Control
`Timer Options
`537
`538
`Examples of Classifiers and Controls
`538
`Example 1: Traffic To/From a Specific Server
`540
`Example 2: Filtering Traffic to a Destination
`542
`Example 3: Using Two Classifiers to Filter Traffic
`Example 4: Assigning High Priority to Specific Traffic
`Example 5: Nonflow Multimedia Tagged Traffic
`546
`Example 6: Bridged Nonflow IP Unicast Traffic
`548
`Modifying and Removing Classifiers and Controls
`550
`Important Considerations
`550
`QoS Excess Tagging
`550
`551
`Example: QoS Excess Tagging
`Transmit Queues and QoS Bandwidth
`RSVP
`554
`554
`RSVP Terminology
`Example: RSVP
`556
`Setting RSVP Parameters
`
`553
`
`557
`
`21 DEVICE MONITORING
`Device Monitoring Overview
`Key Concepts and Tools
`561
`Administration Console
`561
`Web Management Tools
`561
`
`561
`
`545
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`
`563
`
`563
`
`565
`
`567
`
`568
`
`569
`
`575
`
`570
`
`578
`
`562
`562
`
`Network Management Platform
`SmartAgent Embedded Software
`Event Logging
`563
`Baselining
`563
`563
`Important Considerations
`Displaying the Current Baseline
`563
`Setting a Baseline
`Enabling or Disabling Baselines
`Roving Analysis
`564
`Key Guidelines for Implementation
`Important Considerations
`565
`Ping
`567
`Important Consideration
`567
`Using Ping
`567
`Ping Responses
`Strategies for Using Ping
`traceRoute
`568
`568
`Using traceRoute
`traceRoute Operation
`SNMP
`569
`570
`SNMP Overview
`Manager/Agent Operation
`SNMP Messages
`570
`Trap Reporting
`571
`575
`Setting Up SNMP on Your System
`Administering SNMP Trap Reporting
`Remote Monitoring (RMON)
`576
`576
`Overview of RMON
`RMON Benefits
`577
`578
`RMON in Your System
`3Com Transcend RMON Agents
`Important Considerations
`579
`580
`RMON-1 Groups
`581
`Statistics and axFddiStatistics Groups
`History and axFDDIHistory Groups
`582
`Alarm Group
`582
`Host Group
`585
`HostTopN Group
`
`585
`
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`
`587
`587
`
`585
`Matrix Group
`586
`Event Group
`586
`RMON-2 Groups
`Protocol Directory Group
`Protocol Distribution Group
`Address Map Group
`588
`588
`Network-Layer Host Group
`588
`Network-Layer Matrix Group
`588
`Application-Layer Host Group
`589
`Application-Layer Matrix Group
`Probe Configuration Group Capabilities
`589
`Management Information Base (MIB)
`MIB Files
`590
`Compiler Support
`MIB Objects
`592
`MIB Tree
`593
`MIB-11
`596
`RMON-1 MIB
`597
`598
`RMON-2 MIB
`3Com Enterprise MIBs
`
`592
`
`599
`
`589
`
`601
`601
`
`A TECHNICAl SUPPORT
`Online Technical Services
`World Wide Web Site
`3Com FTP Site
`601
`602
`3Com Bulletin Board Service
`Access by Analog Modem
`602
`602
`Access by Digital Modem
`3Com Facts Automated Fax Service
`Support from Your Network Supplier
`603
`Support from 3Com
`Returning Products for Repair
`
`603
`603
`
`605
`
`INDEX
`
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`

`
`ABOUT THIS GUIDE
`
`The CoreBuilder 9000 Implementation Guide provides information that
`you need to use features of the CoreBuilder® 9000 Enterprise Switch
`after you install it and attach the Switch to your network. Before you use
`this guide:
`
`Install and set up your Switch. See the CoreBuilder 9000 Enterprise
`Switch Getting Started Guide and the module Quick Start guides for
`the modules installed in your Switch.
`
`Become familiar with the Command Reference Guide and the
`CoreBuilder 9000 Enterprise Management Engine User Guide, which
`document the commands that you use to configure and manage your
`Switch.
`
`Read Chapter 1, which provides an overview of the configuration
`process.
`This guide is intended for the system or network administrator who is
`responsible for configuring, using, and managing the CoreBuilder 9000
`Enterprise Switch. It assumes a working knowledge of local area network
`(LAN) operations and familiarity with communications protocols that are
`used on interconnected LANs.
`
`If the information in the release notes that are shipped with your product
`differs from the information in this guide, follow the instructions in the
`release notes.
`
`To help you recognize CoreBuilder 9000 modules, Table 1 describes the
`character string (in the Identifying Name column) that the Enterprise
`Management Engine (EME) displays when you enter a show module all
`command.
`
`ANI-ITC-944 945-3444451
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`

`
`1 ... ~~.... ABOUT THIS GUIDE
`
`Table 1 CoreBuilder 9000 Modules
`
`Model Number Module Type
`
`4-Port Gigabit Ethernet Layer 3
`Switching Modul