iI
`
`AK
`
`CONS4209-Tl (Vol.7)
`
`1
`
`HYBRID VEHICLE POTENTIAL. ASSESSMENT
`
`Volume 7: Hybrid Vehicle Review
`
`By
`K. O. Leschly
`
`September 30, 1979
`
`Work Performed Under Contract No. EM-78.1.01-4209
`
`Jet Propulsion Laboratory
`California Institute of Technology
`Pasadena, California
`
`NT
`
`U. S. DEPARTMENT Q f ENERGY
`
`r
`
`1 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`

`
`DISCLAIMER
`
`"This book was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United
`States Govemment. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any
`of their employees, makes any warranty, express or Implied, or assumes any legal liability or
`responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus,
`product, or process disclosed, or represent, that its use would not infringe privately owned
`rights. Reference herein to any specific; commercial product, process, or service by trade
`name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not 1ecessarily constitute or imply its
`endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the Unites. States Government or any agency
`thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or
`reflect those of the united States Government or any agency thereof."
`
`This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy.
`
`Available from the National Technical Information Service, U. S. Department of
`Commerce, Springfield, Y irginia 2-2161.
`
`Price: Paper Cc;py $6.00
`Microfiche $3.50
`
`2 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`

`
`CONS-4209-Tl (Vol.7)
`Distribution Category UC-96
`
`ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE SYSTEM
`RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
`
`HYBRID VEHICLE POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT
`VOLUME VII. HYBRID VEHICLE REVIEW
`
`September 30, 1979
`
`K. 0. Lerchly
`
`Approved by:
`
`F. T. Surber
`Manager, Studies and Assessments
`
`77CG 'a-^'(-/
`T. A. Barber
`Manager, Electric and Hybrid
`Vehicle System Research and
`Development Project
`
`Prepared for
`U.S. Department of Energy
`
`by
`Jet Propulsion Laboratory
`California Institute of Technology
`Pasadena, California
`
`3 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`

`
`PREFACE
`
`In 1976 9 Congress passed the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle (EHV)
`Research, Developmment, and Demonstration Act of 1976, Public Law
`94-413, later amended by Public Law 95-238. The Department of Energy
`is conducting an EHV development program in compiiance with that Law.
`The EHV System Research and Development Project, one element of this
`Program, is being conducted by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of
`the California Institute of Technology through an agreement with the
`National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This report presents
`the results of the investigations conducted under the Hybrid Vehicle
`Potential Assessment Task which is a part of the EHV Systems R&D
`Project.
`
`Early results of this study were used as the technical basis for
`the Near Term Hybrid Vehicle Development Program now being carried out
`by the JPL Electric and Hybrid Vehicle System Research and Development
`Project.
`
`This report is in ten volumes. Volume I contains an overview of
`the study and the major findings. Volumes II through X are of
`technical supplementary reports that describe the details of the study
`and present the most important data generated by the study elements.
`
`STUDY TEAM MEMBERS
`
`Principal Investigator
`
`F. T. Surber
`
`Hybrid Vehicle Review
`
`K. 0. Leschly
`
`Mission Analysis
`
`F. T. Surber
`G. K. Deshpande
`
`Power Train Analysis S. P. DeGrey
`S. G. Liddle
`Z. Popinski
`
`Cost Analysis
`
`Impacts Analysis
`
`K. S. Hardy
`R. C. Heft
`
`K. 0. Leschly
`
`iii
`
`4 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`

`
`Volumes Comprising the hybrid Vehicle Potential Assesement
`
`Report No.
`
`Subject
`
`Author(s)
`
`5030-345, Vol. I
`
`Summary
`
`5030-345, Vol. II
`
`Mission Analysis
`
`5030-345, Vol. III
`
`Parallel systems
`
`5030-345, Vol. IV
`
`Series Systems
`
`5030-345, Vo l . V
`
`Flywheel Systems
`
`5030-345, Vol. VI
`
`Cost Analysis
`
`F. T. Surber
`et al.
`
`F. T. Surber
`G. K. Leshpande
`
`S. P. DeGrey
`
`Z. Popinski
`
`S. G. Liddle
`
`K. S. Hardy
`
`5030-345, Vol. VII
`
`Hybrid Vehicle Review
`
`K. 0. Leschly
`
`5030-345, Vol. VIII
`
`Scenario Generation
`
`K. 0. Leschly
`
`5030-345, Vol. TX
`
`Power Train Summary,
`Component Descriptions,
`HYVEC Vehicle Simulator
`
`S. G. Liddle
`S. P. DeGrey
`
`5030-345, Vol. X
`
`Electric and Hybrid Vehicle
`Cost Handbook
`
`R. C. Heft
`S. C. Heller
`
`iv
`
`5 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`

`
`CONTENTS
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`APPROACH ---------------------------------------------------
`
`GENERAL FINDINCS AND ANALYSIS ------------------------------
`
`1
`
`2
`
`HYBRID VEHICLE DATA BASE ---------------------------•-------- 13
`
`REFERENCES ------------------------------------------------- 29
`
`REVIEW FORMS ----------------------------------------------- 31
`
`Fiauros
`
`Tables
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`6.
`
`7.
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`6.
`
`7.
`
`8.
`
`Aistorical Distribution of HV Configurations ---------
`
`Distribution of HV Configurations vs. Fuel -----------
`
`Distribution of HV Configurations vs. Storage --------
`
`Distribution of HV Configurations vs.
`Operating Modes --------------------- - -----------------
`
`Power Plants (Multiple Fuel Electric HVs Only) -------
`
`Conventional Powertrain Schemes ----------------------
`
`HV Powertrain Schemes --------------------------------
`
`Hybrid Vehicle Status -------------------------- ---- --
`
`Distribution of HV Configurations vs. Fuels and
`Operating Modes -------------------------------- ---- --
`
`Distribution of HV Configurations vs. HV Type
`with and without Separate Generator ----- -------------
`
`3
`
`4
`
`4
`
`G
`
`7
`
`8
`
`9
`
`2
`
`6
`
`7
`
`Key Characteristics of Hybrid Passenger Cars ------- --
`
`14
`
`Key Characteristics of Hybrid Trucks, Vans,
`Busses----------------------------------------- ------
`
`Summary Vehicle Description of Hybrid
`Passenger Cars --------------------------------- ---- --
`
`Summary Vehicle Description of Hybrid Trucks
`andVans --------------------------------------- --- ---
`
`Summary Vehicle Description of Hybrid Busses ------- ---
`
`16
`
`17
`
`23
`
`25
`
`v
`
`6 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`

`
`Performance of Ilybrid Passenger Cars ----------------- 26
`
`10.
`
`Performance of Ilybrid Trucks and Busses -- ---------••- 28
`
`vi
`
`7 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`

`
`HYBRID VEHICLE REVIEW
`
`A review of hybrid vehicles M e) built during the past ten years or
`
`planned to be built in the near fut , tre has been conducted in support of the
`
`Hybrid Vehicle Potential Assessment. The primary purpose for this review was
`
`to generate an updated and more extensive data base on the state - of-the-art of
`
`hybrid vehicles, than reported in previous studies ( 1 9 2 9 3, 4 9 5 9 6).
`
`Furthermore, an attempt has been made to classify and analyze these vehicles
`
`to get an overall picture of their key characteristics.
`
`1. APPROACH
`
`The review included on-coed hybrid passenger cars, trucks, vans and
`
`busses. It has been structured as a four step process:
`
`1. Identify (INVENTORY) actually built and planned hybrid vehicles and their
`
`builders and owners. This activity included: a) literature search of
`
`bibliographies, reference listings, and recent study reports; h) scanning
`
`of relevant professional journals and conference proceedings; and c)
`
`follow up on hintrj and rumor1 + from people involved with electric and
`
`hybrid vehicle ^-elated work ( "ears to the ground").
`
`2. Comelete a 1-page SUMMARY VEHICLE DESCRIPTION (see pg. 30) for each
`
`vehicle, based on the literature and/or phone conversation with the
`
`particular builder. Foreign builders were approached through their
`
`embassies or business representatives here in the U.S.A.
`
`3. Mail a 6-page DETAILED VEHICLE SPECIFICATION QUESTIONNAIRE ( see pgs.
`
`31-36) to each builder in an attempt to get a more detailed description of
`their vehicle.
`
`4. TABULATE, CLASSIFY, and ANALYZE the data collected during steps 1 to 3.
`
`In support of the initial phase of the data collection activities, v isits
`
`were made to seven different sites in the U.S.A., covering 8 hybrid passenger
`
`cars, 1 hybrid van, and 1 hybrid bus.
`
`-1-
`
`8 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`

`
`F
`
`2. GENERAL FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS
`
`All of she vehicles identified in the hybrid vehicle review are
`
`experimental and basically proof-of-concept vehicles. While a few of these
`
`vehicles are meant to be preproduction prototypesp none of them have actually
`
`led to any volume production larger than two-of-a-kind.
`
`A total of 81 hybrid vehicles were identified worldwide. Twelve of them
`
`are still at the design stage planned to be built in the near future, while
`
`the rest (69) have been built within tLe last ten years.
`
`Most of these vehicles have been o,jerated with cnly one particular hybrid
`
`powertrain configuration (i.e., a specific arrangement of a specific set of
`
`major powertrain components). Only three vehicles (all passenger care) have
`
`at one time or another been modified so dtamatically that they each can be
`
`said to represent more than one hybrid configuration:
`
`• GMC's Stir-Lec (2 configurations)
`
`• Kordesch's Austin (2 configurations)
`
`• Univ. of Florida's Urban Car (3 configurations)
`
`The 81 vehicles identified represent, in other words, a total of 85 hybrid
`
`vehicle configurations. It should be noted that existing hybrid vehicle
`
`designs which are not presently intended to be implemented in an actual
`
`vehicle have been excluded.
`
`A more detailed count of the reviewed hybrid vehicles in terms of their
`
`present status, national origin, and type of vehicle is given below in Table 1.
`
`TABLE 1: HYhRID VEHICLE STATUS
`
`Present
`Passenger Cars
`Trucks and Vans
`Busses
`Status
`USA
`Foreign
`Total
`USA
`Foreign
`USA
`Foreign
`---------------------=----------------------------------------------------------
`Running Condition
`6
`2
`2
`19
`6
`37
`2
`Out of Order
`1
`0
`0
`0
`1
`0
`0
`1
`4
`Disassembled
`2
`0
`0
`1
`0
`Status Unknown
`14
`8
`3
`1
`1
`0
`27
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`Sub total
`36*
`14
`6
`3
`3
`7
`69
`Built to date
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`Planned for the
`near future
`1
`9
`2
`0
`--•
`--------------------------------------------
`Total
`60
`15
`
`0
`0
`------------------------
`6
`
`12
`------
`81
`
`* Representing 40 configurations.
`
`-2-
`
`9 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`

`
`Most of the 85 reviewed hybrid vehicle configurations are conversions of
`
`conventional production vehicles. Of the 64 configurations where chassis and
`
`body style are known, there are 45 ;or 70%) such conversions and 6 (or 102)
`
`with modified production chassis and/or custom made fiberglass bodies. Only
`
`13 (or 20%) are specially built from the ground up.
`
`The historical distribution of the hyb r id vehicle configurations is shown
`
`in Figure 1 9 in terms of the first year of operation. Most of the earlier
`
`hybrid vehicles were built in an attempt to make low pollution vehicles, while
`
`the later hybrids predominantly have been designed with a higher fuel economy
`
`in mind.
`
`?
`
`69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79
`
`23
`
`12
`
`11
`
`10
`
`9
`
`Z 8
`
`v 7
`
`6 5 4 3 2 1 0
`
`FIRST YEAR OF OPERATION
`FIGURE 1: HISTORICAL DISTRIBUTION OF HV CONFIGURATIONS
`
`Fuel. Almost 702 (59 configurations) of the reviewed configurations have
`
`been identified as "multiple fuel electric hybrids" (the present DOE
`
`definition of a hybrid vehicle) while only 182 (15 configuraticns) have been
`
`identified as single fuel hybrids (Figure 2).
`
`Storage. All of the 74 configurations with known type(s) of fuel and
`
`energy storage are "multiple storage hybrids", including dual battery systems
`
`for the 4 configurations with batteries only (Figure 3). It should he noted
`
`that the "multi-le storage" term was initially used to identify the hybrid
`
`vehicles in this review.
`
`-3-
`
`10 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`

`
`Q MULTIPLE FUEL ELECTRIC HYBRIDS 1591
`
`GASOLINE
`
`OTHER FUEL
`
`O
`
`S
`
`ELECTRICITY
`
`THER I UEL
`-
`DIESEL :
`3
`PROPANE:
`METHANEt
`2
`HYDROGEN: I
`2
`SOLAR.
`
`ELECTRICITY
`'— 7-1
`ri
` FUEL
` 6
`OT EI t
`PROPANE s
`METFIANE; i
`
`PASSENGER CARS (56)
`
`TRUCKS, VANS & BUSSES 1161
`
`FIGURE 2: DISTRIBUTION OF HV CONFIGURATIONS VS. FUEL
`
`FUEL TANK \
`
`O
`43 4
`3BATTERIES
`
`6
`
`1
`
`OTHER
`
`STORAGEO
`.)
`
` PASSENGER CARS (56)
`
`TRUCKS, VANS & BUSSES 116)
`
`*OTHER STORAGE
`FLYWHEELr 8
`HYDRAULIC r 4
`
`*OTHER STORAGE
`FLYWHEEL. 2
`HYDRAULICr 1
`
`FIGURE 3: DISTRIBUTION OF HV CONFIGURATIONS VS. STORAGE
`
`-4-
`
`11 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`
`Operating Modes. The operating modes of 59 of the reviewed configurations
`
`have been identified at the present. All of these configurations are designed
`
`to be operated in one or more of the following four operating modes
`
`exclusively:
`
`• Heat Engine On-Off. The heat eng,'Lne will automatically be turned on or
`
`off depending on the need for power and/or energy or at certain
`
`vehicles speeds.
`
`• Heat Engine Continuous. The heat engine will run continuously either
`
`at a constant rpm or a variable rpm depending on the need for power
`
`and/or energy.
`
`• All/Primary Heat Engine. The heat engine will deliver most or all of
`
`the needed power and energy to drive the vehicle, and in some cases
`
`even to recharge batteries (or other energy storage devices). In cases
`
`of extreme power demands, the batt ries (or other energy storage
`
`devices) :night be utilized as a supplementary power source.
`
`• All/Primary Electric. The batteries will deliver most or all of the
`
`needed power and energy to drive the vehicle. In cases of extreme
`
`power demands the heat engine (or other energy storage devices) might
`
`he utilized as a supplementary power source.
`
`The distribution of hybrid vehicle configurations on these four operating
`
`modes is shown in Figure 4. Regenerative braking is employed in a little more
`
`than half (or 34) of these 59 configurations. About 35% (21 configurations)
`
`of them have been designed with only one operating mode in mind. Most of
`
`these also happen to be single fuel hybrids which correspond closely to the
`
`general trend of equivalence between the number of fuels and operating modes
`
`(Table 2).
`
`Power Plants. The distribution of the 59 "multiple fuel electric :Iybrids"
`
`(identified above) in terms of their type of electric and non-electrical power
`
`plants is shown in Figure 5. It is seen that about 75% of them (or 44) are
`
`using a conventional Otto cycle engine combined with some kind of a DC motor.
`
`Most often the parallel hybrids (i.e:, hybrids with direct drive from the
`
`heat engine to the driveshaft) do not have a separate generator as opposed to
`
`the series hybrid which requires a separate generator. But four
`
`configurations, or about 20% of the parallel hybrids violate this general
`
`trend by having a separate generator (Table 3).
`
`-5-
`
`12 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`

`
`PASSENGER CARS (44)
`& TRUCKS. VANS & BUSSES (15)
`
`FIGURE 4: DISTRIBUTION OF HV CONFIGURATIONS VS. OPERATING MODES
`
`TABLE 2: DISTRIBUTION OF HV CONFIGURATIONS VS. FUELS AND OPERATING MODES
`
`Type oZ HV
`Single
`Dual
`Triple
`Unkown
`Configuration
`Fuel
`Fuel
`Fuel
`Fuel
`Total
`-------------------...----------------- ---------------------------------------
`Single Mode
`14
`7
`0
`0
`21
`
`0
`
`2
`
`30
`33
`5
`5
`0
`0
`Triple Mode
`0
`-------•------------------------------------------------------------------------
`15
`11
`0
`26
`Unknown Mode
`0
`-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`Total
`15
`2
`57
`11
`85
`
`Dual Mode
`
`1
`
`-6-
`
`13 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`
`
`
`
`

`
`20
`
`ELECTRICAL POWERPLANT (MOTOR)
`
`DC SERIES
`
`DC SEP EXCITED
`
`DC SHUNT
`
`DC COMPOUND
`
`AC MOTOR
`
`UNKNOWN
`NON-ELECTRICAL POWER PLANT
`OTTO ENGINE
`
`DIESEL. ENGINE
`
`7
`
`BRAYTON ENGINE
`
`4
`
`VIRLING ENGINE3
`
`FUEL CELL
`
`I
`
`FIGURE 5: POWER PLANTS (MULTIPLE FUEL ELECTRIC HVc ONLY)
`
`u
`
`TABLE 3: DISTRIBUTION OF HV CONFIGURATIONS VS. HV TYPE
`WITH AND WITHOUT SEPARATE GENERATOR
`
`Type of HV
`Separate
`No Separate
`Configuration
`Generator
`Generator
`Unknown
`Total
`--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`Series
`30
`0
`0
`30
`
`26
`
`17
`
`18
`
`85
`
`2
`
`0
`
`18
`
`20
`
`Parallel
`
`4
`
`14
`
`Other
`0
`17
`------------------------------------------------
`Unknown
`0
`-------------------------------------------------
`Total
`34
`31
`
`0
`
`-7-
`
`14 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`
`Powertrain Schemes. A classification of the hybrid vehicle configurations
`was attempted in terms of their particular powertrain scheme ( Figure 7). The
`powertrain schemes for the conventional ICE and the conventional electri..
`
`vehicles are shown in Figure 6 for reference. A total of 20 hybrid vehicles
`
`powertrain schemes, distributed on five major configuration classes, were
`requ i red to cover all of the 61 hybrids with known powertrain scheme:
`
`CLASS S: SERIES HYBRIDS
`
`CLASS P: PARALLEL. HYBRIDS
`
`( 3 VARIATIONS/28 HVs)
`( 6 VARIATIONS / 16 HVs)
`(6 VARIA°LIONS/9 HVs)
`CLASS F: FLYWHEEL HYBRIDS
`CLASS D: DUAL BATTERY HYBRIDS 0 VARIATION/ 4 HV's)
`( 4 VARIAT*. ON/4 HVs)
`CLASS 0: OTHER HYBRIDS
`
`Even though this classification indicates that on the average no more than
`
`three hybrid configurations are alike, there is a strong tendency to
`
`clustering around a few typical powertrain schemes (like "Sa" and "Fa").
`
`DRIVE SHAFT
`
`HEAT ENGINE
`
`DIFFERENTIAL.
`
`TRANSMISSION KX^
`
`REAR AXLE
`
`-ON\,tNTIONAL
`
`ICE
`
`DYNAMOTOR
`
`ELECTRICAL POWER
`
`BATTERIES
`
`CONTROLLER
`
`OPTIONAL
`
`r*""^-----1
`TRANSMISSION
`L-------J
`
`CONVENTIONAL
`ELECTRIC
`
`FIGURE 6: CONVENTIONAL POWERTRAIN SCHEMES
`
`—8—
`
`15 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`
`
`

`
`SE Rif 5H) FIR ID
`
`VAR A
`
`Sa
`
`SERIES HYBRID
`NAR BI
`
`Sb
`
`SERIES HYBRID_RI_D
`TVAR, CI
`
`Sc
`
`I
`
`HFAT ENGINE
`
`•
`
`GENFRATOR
`
`1
`` DYNAMOTOR
`
`t'^'^--^^^-^
`TRANSMISSION
`^_-_____.___
`
`BATTERIES
`
`.ONTROLUR
`
`I--------y
`"'v SOLAR PANELS /
`
`FIGURE 7: HV POWERTRAIN SCHEMES /Page 1
`
`-9-
`
`16 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`

`
`CLUTCH
`
`HtAf ENGINE
`
`/
`
`/
`
`DYNAMOTOR
`
`r---^
`TRANSMISSION
`
`PARALLEL HYBRID
`(VAR A
`
`BATTERIES
`
`CONTROI Lip
`
`Pa
`
`HfA1 fNGINE
`
`fIYED
`C,fAR
`-L___J
`
`GENERATOR
`
`DYNAMOTOR
`
`TRANSMISSION
`---^
`
`PARALLEL HYBRIDV^_-
`
`Pt.
`
`BATTERIES
`
`CONTROLLER
`
`DYNAMOTOR
`
`HEAT ENGINE
`
`r----^
`TRANSMISSION
`
`PARALLEL HYBRID
`(VAR. C)
`
`BATTERIES
`
`CONTROLLER
`
`Pc
`
`PARALLEL HYBRID
`VAR-.57-
`
`Pd
`
`PARALLEL HYBRID
`VAR,E
`
`Pe
`
`TRANSMISSION
`
`HEAT ENGINE
`
`DYNAMOTO
`
`TRANSMISSION
`
`PARALLEL HYBRID
`TVA-R-. f
`
`BATTERIES
`
`CONTROLLER
`
`SOLAR PANELS/
`
`Pf
`
`FIGURE 7 (cont): HV POWERTRAIN SCHEMES /Page 2
`
`-10-
`
`17 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`
`
`
`
`

`
`HEAT ENGINE
`
`FIXED
`R
`
`FLYWHEEL
`
`---^1L r------- i
`CVT
`TRANSMISSION J4
`
`HYBRID
`
`FLYWHIII
`"VAR A+
`
`FLYWHEEL
`
`CVT
`
`I
`
`HEAT ENGINE
`
`FIXED
`GEAR
`
`TRANSMISSION
`
`fa
`
`FLYWHEEL HYBRID
`(VAR. BI
`
`ED F
`
`_YWHEEL HYBRID
`(VAR G
`
`F V
`
`CONTROLLER
``
`
`BATTERIES
`
`DYNAMOTOR
`
`DYNAMOTOR
`
`PLANETARY
`GEAR
`
`FLYWHEEL
`
`FIXED
`GEAR
`
`J`
`
`FLYWHEEL HYBRID
`(VAR. D)
`
`Fd
`
`FLYWHEEL
`
`CVT
`
`DYNAMOTOR
`
`FIXED
`GEAR EMMASMISS ON
`
`BATTERIES
`
`CONTROLLER
`
`FLYWHEEL HYBRID
`(VAR. E)
`
`Fe
`
`FIGURE 7 (cont): HV POWERTRAIN SCHEMES /Page 3
`
`-11-
`
`18 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`
`
`
`

`
`HEAT ENGINE
`
`FLYWHEEL
`
`FIXED
`GEAR
`
`DYNAMOTOR
`
`BATTERIES —
`
`CONTROLLER
`
`FLYWHEEL HYBRID
`-' NAR, F,
`
`Ff
`
`tlAfTER1ES
`
`! DYNAMOTOR
`
`-r T RANSMISSION 1
`
`DUAL BATTERY HYBRID
`
`BATTERIES
`
`CONTROLLER
`
`Da
`
`FUEL CELL
`
`DYNAMOTOR
`
`T
`
`OTHER HYBRID
`RANSMISSION --^—
`VAR, A)
`
`BATTERIES
`
`CONTROLLER
`
`_
`
`HEAT ENGINE
`
`HYDRAULIC
`RESERVOIR
`
`HYDRAULIC
`i
`HYDRAULIC ^^n
`LIMP^ MOTOR
`HYDRAULIC
`ACCUMUTA TOR
`
`Oa
`
`OTHER HYBRID
`(VAR. B1
`
`Ob
`
`mom
`
` THER HYBRID
`=:^^ j
`TRANSMISSION HEAT ENGINE(VAR. C 1
`
`
`mom oc
`
`HEAT ENGINE
`
`TRANSMISSION
`
`oi HYDRAULIC
`MOTOR//UMP
`
`BELT
`
`DRIVE
`
`HYDRAULIC
`RESERVOIR
`
`OTHER HYBRID
`(VAR. D)
`
`oa
`
`FIGURE 7 (cont): HV POWERTRAIN SCHEMES /Page 4
`
`-12-
`
`19 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`
`
`
`
`

`
`3. HYBRID VEHICLE DATA BASE
`
`The data base presented on the following pages consists of three sets of
`
`tables:
`
`•
`
`KEY CHARACTERISTICS (Tables 4, 5).
`
`Lists the major component types, operating modes, and present
`
`status. Includes all 85 configurations.
`
`•
`
`SUMMARY VEHICLE DESCRIPTIONS (Tables 6, 7 9 8).
`
`Lists the general vehicle specification data, with emphasis on the
`
`sizes of the major power train component. Includes all 85
`
`configurations.
`
`•
`
`PERFORMANCE (Tables 9, 10).
`
`Lists test results and manufacturers estimates of the vehicle
`
`performance. Includes only 30 configurations.
`
`This data base is furthermore subdivided according to the following vehicle
`
`types: passenger cars (64 configurations), trucks and vans (15
`
`configurations), and busses (6 configurations).
`
`—13—
`
`20 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`

`
`x d N
`
`VVIMS 7uavasd
`
`W on0aas
`
`o^+f'nF'nc
`
`y ^d16m ea^iiF'nmd
`
`6.'oNW 9m n"nmmmo
`
`n! to
`iiaws4aS UTWJIJOAOd
`4
`II
`3H nseWT ad /IIV
`,Tsaoal3
`.QRWT sd/IIV
`enonuTluoo 311
`
`w
`
`1.
`
`N
`VI
`R {
`
`ii
`
`n
`
`u
`
`I
`
`4
`
`II
` 11
`
`II
`
`3J0-u0 3H
`
`•
`
`•
`
`2UIISJS anT7vsauaAab
`
`• •
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`I W
`
`1
`
`lil An w o^ m
`
`^ ^ d o v^
`
`'44 a!
`
`tun
`
`a ^
`
`i O 12 o .11
`
`m A. o°. In v
`
`I
`
`1•'
`
`•
`
`0 0 0
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`w • •
`
`I 1 •• I •
`•
`I • I
`
`^I
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`=
`
`I
`
`tY1
`
`i
`
`1
`
`1
`t •
`• I
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1 • t
`
`I
`
`I
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`•
`I •• •
`• • 1 •
`
`I
`
`1 • •
`
`•
`
`I
`
`•
`•
`•• •• 0000•
`•
`•
`• •
`•
`
`sa4l0
`
`J.A3
`aazietwo0 anbsoy
`
`aTIwmo2nV
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`jenuvN paade-p
`
`• • •
`
`•
`
`jenuvW paade-E
`
`• •
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`1
`
`1
`t
`
`• 1•
`
`•
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`•
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`t
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`t
`
`I
`
`1
`
`I
`
`I • • 1 •
`
`•
`
`t
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`••
`
`• 1 • (•
`
`• •
`
`1
`
`au^eaauap a3vaedes
`
`• •
`
`•
`
`• • •
`
`•
`
`•
`
`1 •
`
`ii
`u
`n
`
`I
`I$
`
`1 °
`
`rn
`
`11
`n
`II
`I
`
`1
`
`i
`
`iiit
`
`n
`
`u i
`
`i
`
`I
`1
`
`1
`1
`
`OL
`
`w
`
`.10JOW JQ aagl o
`
`a07U^.j %3 da$
`
`JQ
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`• I
`
`I
`
`aO;OW saTaa$ DQ
`
`•
`
`•
`
`• •
`
`•
`
`I •
`
`• 1 • 1
`•
`
`1
`
`• •
`
`I
`
`1
`
`I03OW DV
`
`auTSug 7eeH 20430
`
`auTSUH jaeaTQ
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1 •
`
`• •
`
`•
`
`t • • I
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`u i
`
`i
`
`u i
`
`i
`u
`
`ii
`II
`j
`II
`11
`II
`11
`ii
`
`yH
`
`1
`
`-I 6
`I
`
`Q li
`
`^7 0
`
`W a
`
`aaq
`H 1.'°
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`ii
`
`auTSUZ 0370
`
`0000 •
`
`• ••
`
`0
`
`•
`
`• 1 •• • •••
`
`0000
`
`a8430
`
`jaagn6jd
`
`•
`
`•
`
`1
`
`t
`
`ii
`
`n i
`
`i
`
`u
`
`11
`
`i
`
`1
`i
`1
`I
`
`I
`
`i
`I
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`WU
`a ii
`
`t°••
``"
`
`ii
`
`u
`
`ii
`in,
`
`N
`
`Iuvy jan3
`
`sajsa»vg 00430
`saTaa»eH pl av- pva'j
`s8g30
`c3TaTs7oaT3
`
`0000• •••
`•
`
`•
`
`• 0000
`
`• 1 •• 0000. 0000•
`1
`1
`
`I
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•• ••
`• 0 1•• 0 0 0 0•
`•••• 0 0 0 0 0
`0 0 0 0 0
`0 1 •
`•
`0
`•
`•
`•
`•• •• 0000• 0000• •• I •• 0000• 0000•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`• •••
`
`• •••
`.^
`M
`N
`u
`.^
`1 ••
`
`^
`C
`
`^.
`M
`.°o
`u
`a e .^.•r
`
`L L
`
`i
`
`N g'
`
`•y Gi
`
`r
`^
`=
`^^j
`M
`
`x
`
`jaeaTQ
`auTIOSSO
`n
`r
`r
`N
`n
`r
`
`w u
`u
`a
`x
`M
`n
`
`n
`n
`N
`
`n
`
`•.
`4
`O u
`•w M
`
`Gy
`
`$
`
`p
`^C
`^
`
`C u
`4
`d
`In NO-0
`'Z '"V OM B
`II
`S
`y
`nn
`4a n
`e ^+ m C O
`^,i
`x
`..^ O m C O
`n
`Y
`O
`q
`x
`eYO^e le
`.+ ^+ Y
`M
`7
`Q W to
`N
`Oi
`g
`pp
`^eaa
`naOGatn
`
`Y
`
`d
`
`'C
`
`•41
`a
`'^
`\
`
`C
`dl
`q
`a
`
`1
`
`p,
`m
`r 4
`n0
`4°+ u •.q+ w •o•
`O
`.r v v
`q
`•W •O
`F
`v 6
`NV x
`t4• qq C C
`r
`.••. 7C O O ^+
`n
`r Oa N
`u u 0
`O
`M f; N
`
`0. .1 0 0 •yy .+
`.1
`N
`r
`(.
`r j. r
`► . Z 3 Z
`Y
`r 47
`M
`W
`a
`Y W W w C
`M H N
`r y r
`^1 i M o,o
`Noo
`W
`/ W r
`L
`•.p'p. •.^•I ..Ca•1 ^ar0
`M
`Mr
`n
`DD>^S
`
`p
`4
`
`4^9
`
`1
`
`1 •• • ••• •• ••
`v
`.w
`.^
`O
`C ^M•1
`'o u •^a
`^ F+ < .^
`
`^^%
`e• c
`O
`
`...
`
`^p
`+
`
`•
`
`U
`Aj
`
`v
`
`'7
`A
`6 V O O
`YO
`nay O
`O— N
`O
`L^ Y
`\ Y Y
`.w
`C O D A
`?. G C rl p.
`1 M M ••e v a C i
`e u u
`^a.11
`a F
`CI L L M a•
`b o
`y
`07
`L
`'O 'O O O
`v W O
`a a 's p^
`i
`0 0 u t rl
`rt K 0 Ir
`ad
`Y
`^j r M Y
`W
`14
`^^1 Ir •Yi
`>,
`w W ^Mr A
`~
`lyi Ni l^R^a10G
`1991
`
`Y Q
`
`v
`^+
`.^.
`^• O
`d •w
`u
`C M
`~ O1
`M
`D u i W
`61 nn .^
`W
`'O
`6u1 u 8Yi N O
`I^ y ?Zl
`0\a .an
`M Y
`two
`it
`
`y.••.
`
`•O v v v v •p
`^►
`.4
`•
`m
`A pM Y tl Yl •
`• M
`1
`O .•I
`O p Y $- u
`Y Q
`— "Coo
`M
`O •^
`o
`O Y Y Y
`Y .T.
`O
`o
`p
`V z
`v
`YG v
`.S Z i
`>:
`n0• q .S D
`.a
`0
`oe-••••1 ..
`o
`q NI q rl
`O M O •+
`O I. I+ Y
`b S •pi .+ rl
`•u
`.C^Ci
`•0 n '0Op .o
`0C
`at
`yqy
`Ya
`y0C1
`t7Z V sa
`19 Z;AIs
`
`aa
`i
`
`N ^A^taA^
`arNP1
`1. aL d d11
`aZ 1^ aZ ^ aZ
`
`.wi n~i^^^ w.atitiN NNNNN NNNN1^41
`IL i!, al11l, d
`aiI 1^ 1^ aZ a=.
`IZ aZ r^. 1^, aZ
`a^ ^1 r^. l^. a+^
`
`—14—
`
`21 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`
`9111393S 3urbJad
`
`p m Vl Nv1 Ui
`
`Yj J• 16 61 r
`
`NI Vl N N N& Nvb eva
`
`d V! 8i Q Q
`
`N
`
`Y
`
`rUNO
`
`0 ^ fA r
`
`My a
`
`p
`
`y
`
`N
`
`N
`
`it
`
`N
`N
`11
`NQ„
`aa.•
`
`11
`
`N
`
`N
`1pi !
`N
`1011
`
`W O
`
`e
`
`Y
`r
`
`ii
`1
`
`ii
`
`ii
`
`u
`
`Y
`ii
`
`ama4aS uTrau smod
`
`3H 4arm T 4d/TTY
`
`4`140013 6armTad /TTY
`snonttT11100 aH
`330-uU 3H
`
`Bu T^IVa g 0A13sarur8aa
`
`ary30
`
`v1 V, i 0. W
`•
`••••
`••
`
`•
`
`••
`
`4 0,
`
`ti
`
`{r Ii 1 s C5
`
`1
`
`1
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`1
`1 1•
`1
`1•
`1
`
`I
`
`•
`
`I
`i
`
`• •• ••
`
`1 d N 1
`ul V4J 2 It d
`•• 1•
`1
`1•••• 1•
`I•
`I•
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`I
`
`1
`
`I
`1
`1
`
`I
`
`+
`
`••• 1
`
`•
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`i
`
`• ••••• I
`
`•
`
`••
`
`1 1•
`
`• +•
`1
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1 d^
`1 1.
`1
`1•
`I
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`42
`
`1
`
`1
`1
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`f
`
`1
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`2
`
`1
`1
`It
`1 I•
`• 1 1•
`I
`. 1
`•
`
`I
`
`I I•
`I
`1
`
`I
`
`I
`
`S
`
`11
`
`LAD
`
`I
`
`1•
`
`••
`
`•
`
`•
`
`I
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`•
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`•
`
`•
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`I
`
`I
`
`1
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`1
`
`I
`
`I
`
`11
`
`1•
`
`11
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`1
`
`I
`
`•
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`t
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`I
`
`Y
`1
`'.
`u
`1'A
`Y i p
`n
`
`<p^^ lp
`O F n
`
`1i
`
`u
`
`1030 aAY00 inbl Oy
`
`aT 3rm03 nY
`
`TrnurW peads-p
`
`••
`
`trnurW paods-(
`
`• 1
`
`I
`
`• 1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I 11
`
`tlN
`
`u
`u
`u
`
`n
`u
`u
`
`II
`u
`n
`
`11
`n
`u
`n c-
`u
`n
`li
`II
`% O+
`II
`It a 11
`
`II J
`
`II
`
`n ^ n
`
`nd z
`
`iJ
`
`r OV
`
`ao3raaua0 a3e4adaS
`
`• •
`
`1030k J0 4 a430
`a030W x3 dag 3Q
`4030W saTa aS Da
`4030W 7Y
`
`1
`
`•• I
`1
`
`••
`
`1
`
`i
`
`I
`
`1
`I
`
`1 • •
`
`i
`
`i
`
`I
`
`I
`I 1•
`I
`
`•
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`I
`
`1
`
`•
`
`•
`
`1.
`
`• •
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I t•
`I
`I
`I
`
`I
`
`•
`
`I
`
`+
`
`1
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I •
`
`•
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`1
`
`I
`
`•
`
`1
`
`t
`
`1
`
`j
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`1•
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`+
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`I
`
`Y R II
`
`it
`
`aU;8u3 3raq 40430
`
`auTSU3 lo gg ia
`
`II f
`I N
`%
`li
`u
`n
`u
`u
`I
`II
`u
`11
`
`{r,
`
`n
`
`u
`
`11
`
`II N
`II
`nn
`ypJ^
`
` y.^ c
`^ m
`W ^
`d C
`
`H ti
`
`Nc
`
`4x6sU
`
`u
`n
`II
`u
`
`u
`11
`u
`u
`
`n
`%
`11
`u
`
`n
`11
`u
`u
`
`it
`II
`u W u
`u V u
`
`auTSU3 0 330
`
`1ay30
`
`TaayA F`Ta
`juey Tana
`
`•
`• ••• •• •• •• •• • • •• 0•• 1
`
`•
`
`Y•
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`I ,••• •
`
`1
`
`• 000 0 1
`1
`•
`1
`•
`00000 0000• •• •• 0 0 •• ••• 1+ 1 0•• •
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I •
`
`--
`
`1
`
`1
`1 0
`
`• 1
`
`II
`I I
`u
`it
`ii
`%
`u
`u
`IIN
`e
`
`It
`u
`
`ii
`
`eaT4a33eg 10430
`
`•
`
`SaTa933911 PT aY-Pea'1
`
`0 •
`
`• 0 • • • •
`
`aay30
`43TaTi 3aaT3
`Tasaia
`
`0••• 0 0•• 0
`•
`
`•
`
`0
`
`auTjoseO
`
`•
`
`• • •
`
`• • 0 0 •
`
`• •
`
`• •
`
`1
`
`00000 0•• I
`
`1
`
`•
`0 •• 0• 000 1
`1
`• • • I
`
`• •
`
`• •
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`I
`
`1
`
`1 • • • •
`
`1
`
`1 •• 0 •
`1
`1 • • • •
`
`1
`
`•
`
`1
`
`i+ ^
`L q
`•.OI
`C
`wW
`o. C
`iq m
`e cO
`oo
`• uV04
`..7
`UL C
`•4'1 4
`V v >
`T
`4
`O^
``
`^T^^
`C
`C
`u ^1
`Oi
`_^ 4'O
`•0 •0
`T 466
`t
`0^
`K -1
`r•1 wvv
`V
`C
`tC
`y
`C^
`C M
`C
`4
`\ 4 C a
`4
`N 1"'I
`<
`at
`4 0
`L
`^ ti 4
`Y
`y r 01
`> V
`.. 0 4 4 1N
`d
`V
`p^ 4
`r •.
`NG Y
`•w
`U. 1. C7
`0¢—
`•w
`OC'C '0
`yy
`4 4
`T
`S
`tIG 00
`61 ^+
`C
`C C IL
`? O C NC
`C
`q •0
`W
`N W
`CC C
`W 4 ^+ m O
`C W p
`G7
`S
`X\W \r•w U V
`Z
`p! O
`L'.9^ W W W 1
`4 \
`4
`1. 1. \ \ Y
`{..+ W >,\0
`v v v
`6 C
`C N C GD
`1 w4
`V
`4 v
`yy w v C
`r-
`4 p
`4 4
`1.0.
`C C
`y O L=V\ >
`6W Oy
`w d C\
`G(a.
`V
`GqG 01
`4
`7p
`lu
`ti I< 4 C .w M .,
`y \ — M W
`O v O 0 ,CH,
`O ^
`G
`10 •0 •O •w
`0 •0
`d VI 4 w
`T M
`.+
`4
`_ •w
`It a K V VN v
`4 d F 0%
`0 4 C
`M
`M -•
`K
`4• W OC OC H
`T
`C7 I:t: (
`yui 'i
`
`Z M w dr 4 OL 4 Ow bid fa. OI
`
`_ 4
`a iA
`>, F T
`O O w a C
`C w •0 O NU
`O ^. V w
`01 C
`S
`NU OU 0U w• -.
`>, 4
`• 'w y 4 v
`^
`N m G
`a6 4 W Y
`/. M 1+ 4 4
`u M •w M
`4
`► . i 0 C'i
`0 Or •- 4
`» > 01^.0
`R'1•• Y-•
`V {1 GiL
`Fori
`a
`I+
`C y O
`w r
`u
`•.. M
`W
`^+
`C
`C
`C
`>.
`i
`Y
`L
`C
`0 0C 0 0 4
`4 w
`q 4 L
`d p O O^yy
`w
`S
`1t"n
`UN
`Atr
`OCOC ><
`M4,
`G7 .70.
`V1
`Nf, UN m V
`i3Ci
`W
` v+
`Nwf
`I
`.+NIn J N 10n40O. C
`71
`)a
`M 4.444 4
`O
`0.0.44
`—15—
`
`IN
`
`0,
`
`NInJI^
`
`MD r-
`
`^ N ^d.4 as 4 4 400.41
`4
`
` O. O
`
`.Yv
`
`1 ^W4
`
`Y
`W
`
`it
`II
`_
`11
`M
`U
`II
`U
`11
`4
`U
`11
`U
`C 0.
`II
`O
`X
`W
`•.• N
`II
`II
`u v
`11
`It
`Cs
`-.+
`n
`U
`'0 Y T
`11
`O
`II
`II
`C
`C
`ti
`11
`y
`11
`11 o
`JL
`OC
`V 4 L
`tl Z II
`{{^^7
`II
`II
`O 6
`m
`IUS
`X
`U G+
`to
`Ir m a
`II
`II W
`II
`O
`to C p
`11
`.4
`11
`4 C ^.
`C
`11
`11
`II
`7 w m 4 v
`U
`OG ^ C. 0. N
`U
`11
`11
`11
`11
`11U yy^< J p
`11
`11
`to
`II
`171:0 p0.
`ir=LIII
`
`Y
`
`N
`
`N
`
`S
`d
`•0
`•.•
`V
`d
`L
`C
`O
`\
`C
`C
`C
`O
`
`I
`
`.
`
`Y
`M
`Ip^I
`II
`N
`U
`It
`U
`II
`it
`U
`U
`II
`11
`11
`X
`In
`it
`U
`U p^
`II
`11 <
`11
`11
`U ti
`11
`0
`II C 11
`(^,
`II
`II
`II
`{:.
`II
`II
`II z
`II
`11 W
`UyH
`N
`X
`f, II
`U 0. N
`p
`II
`N
`N
`II
`U
`U
`N
`
``U
`
`N
`
`t
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1 0
`
`1
`
`• 1 I•
`1
`I
`• 1
`1 •
`
`CO Y
`4
`10U
`M
`O dL K
`0. C
`d 6
`_
`N •C
`Qf7 4 tx
`4.0. CW
`V
`C
`. V .`
`•+ O
`4 V
`^+ w 4
`V V 6 b
`4 C C
`Ly
`W WC7
`.L
`
`N/^ O
`
`1611
`
`t
`
`22 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`
`
`
`

`
`snivis wavald
`
`t ei avr Via 9 ` su g Vi I N o w
`
`xai o'Q N o I s
`
`1 I V! to VI
`
`N
`
`i1
`
`(
`
`i
`
`l
`
`l
`
`f
`
`1 1 I • • t •
`
`I
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`I • • Ittl
`
`1
`
`^ •
`
`I I 1 1
`
`I
`
`• ! •
`
`amayog Ut r11 ^J aAOd
`
`.2 12 a 1l V W v", rr a 1
`
`G o+. ti 1
`
`7N FJ Vm T J d / f tY
`>j r^1a 1;{ nJVm j l d/fiV
`Snohul 3u0') 3i1
`
`1
`•
`•
`••••• i • •• 1
`•
`• •
`(
`
`1
`
`I • •
`
`jj0 -UO 311
`
`•
`
`1
`
`I
`I
`
`1
`•
`•• 1
`
`( • •
`I
`
`1
`
`I
`
`C
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`•
`
`•
`
`• • • • 1
`
`• •
`
`1 I
`
`9uj>,v1^ anj 3NtauaBay
`Jay»
`
`•
`
`LAO
`
`I
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`p,
`
`In
`
`cu
`
`a
`
`ii
`'
`II
`
`I
`
`I
`
`II
`^.•
`tl
`II
`s
`II
`W
`II C6' ii
`uu
`u
`
`u
`
`n i
`
`i
` u
`
`zp
`
`I
`
`I
`
`i
`
`y II
`
`1931RAUOD anblol
`
`II
`
`h ri
`•r.
`R•
`II
`ii
`u
`11
`
`n
`
`u
`
`3j3vmo3nV
`
`jvnuvW paeds-1
`lvnuvW paad>a-f
`
`103v1aua!j a3vledaS
`
`(
`
`I
`
`I
`
`i
`
`^
`
`I
`
`I
`
`II
`
`V.
`V.
`v.
`
`0
`
`-S
`
`v1
`'L
`
`e
`
`11
`I
`
`I
`
`I ^
`
`I • •
`
`•
`
`I
`
`•
`
`•
`
`• •
`
`I
`
`•
`
`• •
`
`••
`
`•
`
`1
`
`I
`
`•
`
`•
`
`• 1
`
`• •
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`•
`
`I
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`• ,
`
`1 1 I •
`
`•
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`i
`1
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`I
`
`•
`
`Jt1 141130
`103')k
`1030'yJ x1 daS Jn
`1oloW s411a5 A
`
`JO]OW JAI
`
`auj8u3
`l vaii 1a430
`jasala
`auj9uY
`
`aujflug 0330
`1a430
`
`1aa4AA 1.4
`
`Kuel
`Saj1a13va 1 a 430
`
`land
`
`I
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`•
`
`•
`
`I
`
`1
`1
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`• I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`• • 1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`•
`
`I
`
`i
`
`I•
`• • i
`
`•
`
`•
`
`t
`I
`• 1 I 000 1
`
`• •
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`''
`
`j
`
`• •
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`!
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`I
`
`1
`
`1
`
`••• 1111
`
`II
`z i
`fL
`
`II
`I
`
`a
`
`{7a1
`
`u
`II
`ii
`
`u
`
`1
`
`fll
`
`n
`u
`
`ii
`
`it
`
`II
`
`V
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`^i
`Y
`n
`
`r YG
`
`to F
`
`W o
`
`am
`
`H
`
`a
`
`t-
`v,
`
`F al
`
`z
`
`I ^
`
`li C°
`
`1
`
`(..
`
`^i " ^;
`"
`n
`
`t
`
`I
`
`1 000 •
`
`1
`
`1 1 000 •
`
`I 090 •
`
`1
`
`I
`
`.
`
`1
`
`1
`
`TCeA Gd
`
`1U
`'n •^-1 „^
`w w w \
`0o
`G
`a
`/,
`O O N 0.
`4G•. _T O 4. w "^I
`W W S W ^1 w
`CO ^+— O w Y
`1•. A
`N
`— Y d > -.1
`-. IO G •^+ •B
`^
`G W^^C 1>L
`
`IY
`
`10
`
`...NM1dY1
`IO
`1100 p O p ^
`
`nnII
`
`II
`U
`
`IIIIII11IIII11u
`
`11uII
`
`0 w
`
`U Yn
`0 0
`
`M M
`
`saj1a33Pg PF O V-Peal
`
`• • •
`
`•
`
`• • • • I
`
`• • I
`
`'^ (30
`
`•
`
`•
`
`I
`
`• • • • •
`
`• • • • 1
`
`I
`
`t
`
`• • I
`
`• • 1
`
`• ••
`
`• 1
`
`•
`
`I
`
`63j0c1a0aj^
`jasaUl
`
`•auFjoseO
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`1
`
`I
`
`L
`IO
`C
`I'.
`C 1
`...
`1.
`v
`•..
`V
`•7
`C
`y
`C
`O
`u w ,C
`ti •v
`or
`C E
`v.
`7
`G
`C
`m
`4
`G
`•C
`1U 7
`^+ a
`e
`O "
`tY. ^ O 0. y
`
`C
`7
`C
`C
`Y
`C
`
`S
`O!
`Z
`•^
`u
`L
`t
`G
`\
`r.
`C
`C
`s
`5
`D
`
`C OA^. v
`
`L "'•
`
`II
`II
`II
`if
`I
`II
`II
`II
`11
`11
`11
`11
`II
`11
`II
`II
`11
`11
`It VI
`II
`11 7.
`11
`11 6
`11
`11 >
`II
`11
`11
`II Q
`II
`II Z
`II
`n s n
`II N
`II
`It
`II
`5 6
`It
`i n
`11 ^ U
`II
`II pC
`II F
`11
`It
`II
`
`G
`
`M
`
`8
`
`N
`M
`N
`
`G
`1U C
`0. 111
`_T
`tr 0 d
`h t11 v
`+
`m
`\ h 7
`•C
`u
`X /. \ Y
`„'^ ► y
`^.
`w m^ •^
`N
`10 S C
` W
`••+
`0.
`I
`8
`C'a u G
`O
`D
`I d IO • -I ..
`G
`1•Y
`91 v
`.4
`\ Iz
`u G
`>
`•r-
`/0 W
`G
`I"'1
`I
`C 7 G6
`III
`1U
`G
`u D p O0
`u w w
`F
`v Y vv
`Y c Vl ► + w
`0: w
`IIII,C ► + v \
`a
`u
`w u\
`{=j •t.LOi
`w p iw W 10
`► . a
`T[...I
`to cOn' Ea E.
`
`>•
`
`q8
`
`'7
`
`V
`
`III
`
`C :
`
`^u
`10
`u
`O
`C
`y
`0h" a
`s
`10 O
`"7 u
`\ •O
`la
`d
`II
`w
`.Y, N
`N
`_y
`.+
`,S
`^!
`- Im Nd >-
`S m .^ E
`w
`c
`H T CR d
`00
`'O w 71
`•
`O
`61 v, Vf
`..0.1
`
`J.
`
`k72
`
`D
`
`n•. INr ^
`C4M.7N 10 r,0a'
`..1.^+
`r
`1
`1
`1
`1 1 1
`1
`1 1
`1
`1
`1
`1
`1
`1
`N
`r FFt-'FF FFE+t+[^ F[-FFF
`
`-16-
`
`x
`
`°,
`n
`II
`u
`
`u
`u
`
`n
`
`I
`n
`
`u
`n
`
`n
`^i
`uv.0n
`II;I
`n
`itIt
`n
`
`;i
`
`n
`u
`u
`n
`n
`n
`ti
`ii
`ii
`ii
`u
`n
`u
`U
`q
`II
`tl
`II
`L
`II
`II
`u
`^I
`P
`II
`II
`II
`II
`II
`II
`I I
`11 G
`.t
`II 2
`a L d
`11
`.^
`II
`II
`II
`0
`u
`II
`11
`II
`II
`11
`11
`II
`11
`
`II
`
`L:.
`
`II
`
`II
`II
`
`1
`U
`1
`
`B
`it
`
`N
`N
`N
`
`23 of 44
`
`FORD 1434
`
`
`
`

`
`a
`
`"I
`
`L
`
`M M
`• r
`
`y4<{^/I
`
`Y0
`
`s
`
`'I
`
`III
`
`a O I
`
`L
`
`A r
`
`44V
`
`t6 O
`
`aZ0
`
`,III
`
`p
`
`Q
`
`a
`
`uo^'
`
` a
`
`^^
`'
`I, I
`IL
`
`I1
`
`I
`I
`
`N a M
`
`•Y Y
`
`von ^
`
`a
`
`II1 1t
`
`1
`
`O
`
`10
`^Y
`
`^^
`
`I
`
`r
`IL
`
`^IO
`i<
`
`1
`
`6
`
`^e
`IX
`
`h
`M M
`1 0 w
`
`gg
`
`1 car
`
`1
`
`,
`
`a l
`
`^^
`
`Y
`
`OR
`
`^
`
`N
`
`C
`
`C
`I 00=
`i
`al
`
`•^ kM Y
`
`•Cp
`
`u b ^
`
`1
`
`^
`i
`1
`
`1
`I
`
`1
`
`I
`
`4
`
`O
`
`pc
`
`'r'
`
`I
`1
`Y 16 I
`1; ^
`
`^ 1
`
`i
`r
`y
`M 1
`
`i
`
`I
`
`!
`I A
`I
`
`r
`
`1
`1
`
`p
`
`1
`I Y
`}
`/ M
`
`1
`1
`1
`
`!!
`gg
`i ^C3
`
``
`
`•0
`
`u r
`
`ot="
`Ee! ^ N
`a7 N
`
`N ^
`
`•+ /V
`
`ev
`
`.w
`
` A
`
`I
`
`1
`
`I11
`
`•^
`
`i
`;v a
`1
`- u M I
`16
`r Y 1
`.10
`yy M O ^ C y r
`r7 •D IO ^ NJ
`1
`
`I1
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`i
`
`I
`
`PJ
`
`M
`
`i
`
`1
`
`1
`i q
`y
`
`N
`
`• ^I
`
`1
`1
`;
`
`^
`
`'«
`yyy
`
`1
`
`i
`
`I
`I A
`
`1
`
`II
`I
`I
`
`I
`I
`
`1
`
`^
`
`1
`1
`
`j
`1
`1
`1
`
`\
`
`I q N
`
`1 'V ^
`
`f^ D
`
`1
`1
`
`1
`1
`1
`^
`
`p
`
`Y
`U^
`
`1
`
`t
`1
`
`ny 1
`1 e
`1 .Y .Z M 1^
`11
`.16
`O
`yp 'i
`;
`NvtO J NiC
`1
`O
`n
`1
`
`yY
`
`1
`1
`^
`t
`
`4
`
`^ M
`
`q •O
`
`I q ^•
`
`I
`
`N
`
`'
`