throbber
Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`
`
`NEPTUNE GENERICS, LLC,
`APOTEX INC., APOTEX CORP., TEVA PHARMACEUTICALS,
`FRESENIUS KABI USA, LLC, and WOCKHARDT BIO AG
`Petitioners,
`
`v.
`
`ELI LILLY & COMPANY,
`Patent Owner.
`
`
`Case No. IPR2016-002401
`Patent No. 7,772,209
`
`
`
`PATENT OWNER ELI LILLY AND COMPANY’S
`OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO EXCLUDE EVIDENCE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1 Cases IPR2016-01191, IPR2016-01337, and IPR2016-01343 have been joined
`
`with the instant proceeding.
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`
`
`I. 
`
`DR. CHABNER’S TESTIMONY SHOULD NOT BE EXCLUDED ........... 1 
`
`A.  Dr. Chabner’s Application of Legal Standards Does Not
`
`Warrant Exclusion of His Testimony .................................................... 2 
`
`B.  Dr. Chabner’s Disagreement with Post-Priority Date
`
`Characterizations of the Prior Art Do Not Warrant Exclusion ............. 6 
`
`II.  DR. NIYIKIZA’S TRIAL TESTIMONY SHOULD NOT BE
`
`EXCLUDED .................................................................................................... 9 
`
`
`
`
`
`i
`
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
`
`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`CASES
`Arceo v. City of Junction City, 182 F. Supp.2d 1062 (D. Kan. 2002) ..................... 13
`
`Eli Lilly & Co. v. Teva Parenteral Medicines, et al., Case No. 1:10-
`cv-1376-TWP-DKL (S.D. Ind.) ...................................................................... 1, 14
`
`Kinetic Concepts, Inc. v. Smith & Nephew, Inc., 688 F.3d 1342 (Fed.
`Cir. 2012) .............................................................................................................. 8
`
`LG Chem, Ltd. v. Celgard, LLC, IPR2014-00692, Paper 76 (PTAB
`Oct. 5, 2015) ......................................................................................................... 4
`
`Lupin Ltd. v. Senju Pharm. Co., Ltd., IPR2015-01099, Paper 69
`(PTAB Sept. 12, 2016) ............................................................................. 3, 5, 6, 9
`
`Nutrition 21 v. United States, 930 F.2d 867 (Fed. Cir. 1991) ................................... 4
`
`Petroleum Geo-Services, Inc. v. WesternGeco, LLC, IPR2014-01477,
`Paper 71 (PTAB July 11, 2016) .................................................................... 11, 13
`
`SK Innovation Co. v. Celgard, LLC, IPR2014-00680, Paper 57 (PTAB
`Sept. 25, 2015) ...................................................................................................... 4
`
`United States v. Inadi, 475 U.S. 387 (1986) ............................................................ 13
`
`Valeo N.A., Inc., et al. v. Magna Elecs., Inc., IPR2014-00220, Paper
`59 (PTAB May 28, 2015) ..................................................................................... 6
`
`OTHER AUTHORITIES
`
`37 C.F.R. § 42.51 ............................................................................................... 10, 11
`
`37 C.F.R. § 42.53 ............................................................................................... 10, 11
`
`37 C.F.R. § 42.64 ................................................................................................. 6, 15
`
`Federal Rule of Evidence 702 ................................................................................ 3, 9
`
`Federal Rule of Evidence 801 .................................................................................... 6
`
`
`
`ii
`
`

`

`
`
`
`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`Federal Rule of Evidence 804 .................................................................................. 14
`
`
`
`
`McCormick on Evidence § 301 ............................................................................... 13
`
`iii
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`Patent Owner Eli Lilly and Company (“Lilly”) respectfully submits this
`
`Case IPR 2016-00237
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`Opposition to the Motion to Exclude (Paper 56, “Mot.”) filed by Petitioner
`
`Neptune Generics, LLC (“Neptune”). Neptune’s motion is a transparent attempt to
`
`garner additional pages within which to make merits arguments. Nothing it argues
`
`justifies the exclusion of evidence, and its motion should be denied.
`
`I.
`
`DR. CHABNER’S TESTIMONY SHOULD NOT BE EXCLUDED
`
`Neptune seeks to exclude in its entirety the declaration of Dr. Bruce Chabner
`
`(Ex. 2120), Lilly’s principal expert witness, on the grounds that his testimony is
`
`“unreliable.” Mot. at 1-7. Dr. Chabner is the former Clinical Director of the
`
`Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, former Director of the Division of
`
`Cancer Treatment at the National Cancer Institute at NIH, a Professor of Medicine
`
`at Harvard Medical School, and a recognized expert in antifolates. Ex. 2120 ¶¶ 1,
`
`10-20. During a two-week bench trial against Joinder-Petitioners Teva and
`
`Fresenius, Dr. Chabner expressed substantially the same opinions about the same
`
`issues about the same patent as are at issue here. Far from finding this testimony
`
`so “unreliable” that it should be excluded wholesale, the district court expressly
`
`relied on this testimony, and, moreover, expressly found Dr. Chabner to be “more
`
`credible with respect to [his] opinions on how a POSA would view the teachings of
`
`Worzalla and Hammond than Defendants’ experts.” Eli Lilly & Co. v. Teva
`
`Parenteral Medicines, et al., Case No. 1:10-cv-1376-TWP-DKL, ECF No. 336 at
`
`1
`
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`14 (S.D. Ind. Mar. 31, 2014), aff’d, 845 F.3d 1357 (Fed. Cir. 2017); Mot. at 4-7.
`
`Petitioners’ experts here raise the same arguments about Hammond and Worzalla
`
`that the district court rejected on the same subjects. The notion that the Board
`
`should completely exclude as “unsubstantiated” the very opinions that the district
`
`court has already found to be reliable and more credible than the opinions
`
`Neptune’s experts are offering on the same topics belies comprehension.
`
`A. Dr. Chabner’s Application of Legal Standards Does Not Warrant
`Exclusion of His Testimony
`
`1. Neptune’s first set of complaints is that Dr. Chabner supposedly
`
`“fail[ed] to opine from a POSA’s perspective” and failed to distinguish between
`
`his own extensive knowledge of antifolate chemotherapy and that of a “POSA ‘less
`
`informed than [him]self.’” Mot. at 1-3. As an initial matter, that is false, as the
`
`entirety of Dr. Chabner’s testimony makes clear that he testified from the
`
`perspective of the POSA. But more to the point, these are arguments about the
`
`weight of Dr. Chabner’s testimony; they are not an argument for its exclusion.
`
`Indeed, Neptune’s motion to exclude is a near-verbatim retread of arguments it
`
`also raised in Reply (without mention of inadmissibility). E.g., Paper 47 at 2-3.
`
`Neptune cites cases for the uncontroversial proposition that the obviousness
`
`inquiry hinges on what would have been obvious to the POSA rather than to some
`
`other individual. Mot. at 2-3. Dr. Chabner, however, testified that he was opining
`
`
`
`2
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`from that perspective. Ex. 2120 ¶¶ 22-24, 26. When the Board considers Dr.
`
`Chabner’s testimony as a whole, Lilly is confident it will find that he credibly
`
`opined from the perspective he said he was applying. But there is no basis
`
`whatsoever for evaluating whether he did so in the context of a motion to exclude;
`
`the issues Neptune raises “go to the probative weight” of the testimony, “as
`
`opposed to its admissibility,” and should be considered on the merits rather than as
`
`part of the “gatekeeping” function of FRE 702. Lupin Ltd. v. Senju Pharm. Co.,
`
`Ltd., IPR2015-01099, Paper 69 at 43-44 (PTAB Sept. 12, 2016).
`
`And even on the merits, Neptune’s criticisms make no sense. Dr. Chabner
`
`has opined that the challenged claims would not have been obvious. Neptune
`
`appears to be saying that from the perspective of a POSA “less informed than” Dr.
`
`Chabner, the invention would have been more obvious. Mot. at 2. That turns the
`
`usual pattern on its head—Neptune is not challenging Dr. Chabner as unqualified,
`
`they are challenging him as too qualified. The logical import of this position is
`
`that while the invention would not be obvious to one who is knowledgeable about
`
`the relevant issues, it would be obvious to one who is assumed not to understand
`
`all of the relevant information. If Neptune needs the POSA to have blinders to
`
`relevant knowledge in the field for the invention to appear obvious, that is hardly a
`
`ringing endorsement of Neptune’s position on the merits. And it is certainly not a
`
`basis to exclude the testimony of an expert testifying from the perspective of a
`
`
`
`3
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`POSA who did consider the relevant knowledge and information.
`
`2.
`
`Neptune next faults Dr. Chabner for supposedly applying an incorrect
`
`legal standard for reasonable expectation of success. Mot. at 2-4. Neptune’s
`
`argument is based on its counsel quizzing Dr. Chabner at his deposition about the
`
`relevant legal standards. The full record will show that Dr. Chabner applied the
`
`correct standards. But even if Dr. Chabner got his articulation of the law wrong in
`
`some way, the Board has emphasized that “potential deficiencies in [an expert’s]
`
`understanding of the legal concepts of unpatentability” do not warrant exclusion of
`
`the testimony, because “[a]n expert’s opinion on the ultimate legal conclusion is
`
`neither required nor indeed ‘evidence’ at all.” SK Innovation Co. v. Celgard, LLC,
`
`IPR2014-00680, Paper 57 at 30-31 (PTAB Sept. 25, 2015) (quoting Nutrition 21 v.
`
`United States, 930 F.2d 867, 871 n.2 (Fed. Cir. 1991)). Once again, any “alleged
`
`deficiencies in [Dr. Chabner’s] analysis go to the weight to be accorded his
`
`testimony rather than its admissibility.” LG Chem, Ltd. v. Celgard, LLC, IPR2014-
`
`00692, Paper 76 at 47-48 (PTAB Oct. 5, 2015).
`
`Neptune never articulates a standard that Dr. Chabner supposedly deviated
`
`from; its primary complaint is that he was inconsistent in the standard he applied.
`
`Mot. at 3-4. Neptune is mistaken. Dr. Chabner testified—in response to the very
`
`question Neptune highlights—that his (and the POSA’s) background expectation
`
`was that vitamin pretreatment “wasn’t going to work” and he “needed . . . clinical
`
`
`
`4
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`evidence to change . . . my mindset about it.” Ex. 1075 at 214-15. In other words,
`
`Dr. Chabner’s complete answer reveals that because the claimed pretreatment
`
`regimen would have been expected to harm efficacy, the POSA would have
`
`wanted to see clinical evidence that it did not. The alternative approaches Dr.
`
`Chabner proposed, in contrast, would not have been expected to have the same
`
`deleterious effects on efficacy. Ex. 2120 ¶¶ 56-60. Neptune’s assumption that
`
`there is an inconsistency appears premised on the notion that the relevant
`
`reasonable expectation of success was “in reducing pemetrexed toxicity.” Cf.
`
`Paper 47 (Reply) at 23. But that is not the relevant standard, and more saliently
`
`here, that does not appear to be what Dr. Chabner understood he was being asked
`
`about. Ex. 1075 at 214-15. And even if he had been somehow inconsistent, that
`
`too is an issue of weight, not admissibility. Lupin, IPR2015-01099, Paper 69 at
`
`43-44. But there is no inconsistency in any event.
`
`Finally, Neptune’s criticisms regarding reasonable expectation of success
`
`provide no basis to exclude Dr. Chabner’s testimony on any other issue. The
`
`majority of his testimony is addressed to a different flaw in Neptune’s obviousness
`
`case: that the POSA would not have had reason to administer vitamin pretreatment
`
`and in fact would have had reasons not to. Ex. 2120 ¶¶ 61-90. While Neptune’s
`
`arguments do not warrant the exclusion of any of Dr. Chabner’s testimony, they
`
`certainly cannot warrant wholesale exclusion of his entire declaration.
`
`
`
`5
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`B. Dr. Chabner’s Disagreement with Post-Priority Date
`Characterizations of the Prior Art Do Not Warrant Exclusion
`
`Neptune also raises a series of objections to Chabner’s testimony relating to
`
`his disagreement with how certain post-priority date documents characterize the
`
`prior art. Mot. at 4-7. Once again, the supposed inconsistencies Neptune
`
`highlights are illusory, and its arguments are a flagrant repeat of arguments it made
`
`in its Reply. Paper 47 at 6-11; see Paper 62 at 10-13 (responding to arguments).
`
`These are questions for the Board to resolve after consideration of all of the
`
`evidence, not in a motion to exclude. Lupin, IPR2015-01099, Paper 69 at 43-44;
`
`Valeo N.A., Inc., et al. v. Magna Elecs., Inc., IPR2014-00220, Paper 59 at 10-11
`
`(PTAB May 28, 2015). They do not go to the admissibility of the testimony.
`
`As an initial matter, Neptune repeats as a mantra that documents filed with
`
`the FDA by Lilly, or by researchers who were somehow affiliated with Lilly,
`
`constitute “party admissions.” Mot. at 4-5. Even assuming arguendo that Neptune
`
`is right, all that means is that the documents are admissible in evidence. See FRE
`
`801(d)(2). That is an irrelevant question; Lilly has not moved to exclude them. 37
`
`C.F.R. § 42.64(c). It does not give them any special status that constrains Lilly’s
`
`or Dr. Chabner’s ability to interpret them.
`
`Dr. Chabner’s opinions about what Hammond, Worzalla, and Laohavinij
`
`mean are anything but “unsubstantiated.” Dr. Chabner explained at great length,
`
`
`
`6
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`and with reference to relevant literature in the field, why those references do not
`
`render the claimed invention obvious, but instead confirm the POSA’s expectations
`
`that administering folic acid and vitamin B12 pretreatment would undermine
`
`pemetrexed’s efficacy. Ex. 2120 ¶¶ 49, 61-90, 96-103, 154-62. His extensive and
`
`well-reasoned opinions do not magically become “unsubstantiated,” much less
`
`inadmissible, just because Neptune argues that they disagree with conclusory
`
`statements that it cherry-picks from documents that discuss the same references.
`
`Neptune had the opportunity to cross-examine Dr. Chabner on these points, and the
`
`Board will have the opportunity to weigh all of the evidence. There is no basis for
`
`Neptune’s attempt to short-circuit that process through a motion to exclude.
`
`Neptune’s attempts to use post-priority date references against Lilly (e.g.,
`
`Mot. at 7) also fall flat because the characterizations to which they point occurred
`
`after Lilly had come up with the invention and after severe toxicities had arisen in
`
`clinical trials that meant that continuing to administer pemetrexed without vitamin
`
`supplementation was no longer a realistic or ethical option. Exs. 2103, 2107, 2116
`
`at 795-98. Lilly advocated the invention, following its conception, to a skeptical
`
`FDA (Exs. 2100, 2103, and 2105), and the inventor, having already conceived the
`
`invention, co-authored an article in The Oncologist in 2001 reflecting his own
`
`thought processes (Ex. 1047). In other words, these publications reflect
`
`characterizations of the invention by authors who knew of the invention. What they
`
`
`
`7
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`say has no bearing on how the POSA, without hindsight knowledge of the
`
`invention, would have interpreted those references. Kinetic Concepts, Inc. v. Smith
`
`& Nephew, Inc., 688 F.3d 1342, 1369 (Fed. Cir. 2012). And they do not contradict,
`
`much less render so unreliable as to preclude, Dr. Chabner’s testimony.
`
`Finally, Neptune highlights the absence of references interpreting Hammond
`
`and Worzalla the same way Dr. Chabner does. Mot. at 6-7. But that is hardly
`
`surprising and not probative of anything. It is only natural that Lilly and the
`
`inventor, after the priority date, described the claimed invention in glowing terms
`
`and mined the prior art for statements that with hindsight knowledge of the
`
`invention (which we now know actually works) they cast as supportive. But there
`
`would have been no reason for anyone to publish an article disagreeing with those
`
`same passing statements. The Hammond abstracts presented work in progress at a
`
`conference. And Worzalla was the report of a pre-clinical study that is less
`
`relevant than later data from human studies. Ex. 2120 ¶ 155; see Ex. 1077 ¶ 60.
`
`Given that there is little reason to cite preclinical studies or abstracts once fulsome
`
`clinical data are available, the fact that Hammond and Worzalla were not
`
`disparaged by later references says nothing about whether their data or conclusions
`
`are reliable or whether the POSA would have agreed with them.
`
`In the final analysis, the admissibility of Dr. Chabner’s declaration is simply
`
`not a close question. He is an undisputedly qualified expert in the relevant art. He
`
`
`
`8
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`explained his views in a detailed declaration. And those views are the same
`
`opinions that a district court expressly found credible having heard from Dr.
`
`Chabner live on the witness stand. Neptune’s motion may reflect a hail-mary
`
`attempt to exclude testimony fatal to their Petition, or simply a way to further brief
`
`their positions on the merits. But it does not remotely meet the strict standards for
`
`excluding testimony under FRE 702. Lupin, IPR2015-01099, Paper 69 at 44.
`
`II. DR. NIYIKIZA’S TRIAL TESTIMONY SHOULD NOT BE
`EXCLUDED
`
`Neptune also challenges the admissibility of Exhibit 2116, which contains
`
`trial testimony of the inventor, Dr. Clet Niyikiza, from the district court case
`
`against Teva and Fresenius. Neptune advances a number of theories as to why Dr.
`
`Niyikiza’s testimony should be excluded, but they all stem from the same
`
`underlying complaint: that Dr. Niyikiza was not deposed in this proceeding.
`
`Neptune’s arguments are without merit, and Exhibit 2116 should not be excluded.
`
`A. Dr. Niyikiza was a Lilly employee when he conceived of the
`
`invention, but today, he is the founder and CEO of L.E.A.F. Pharmaceuticals, an
`
`independent pharmaceutical company not involved in this case. Paper 45 at 9; Ex.
`
`2116 at 712. He is not under Lilly’s control.
`
`Neptune itself put the district court’s findings of fact into evidence, and no
`
`party has challenged their admissibility. Ex. 1028. With its POR, Lilly submitted
`
`
`
`9
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`undisputedly relevant excerpts of Dr. Niyikiza’s testimony from the district court.
`
`In addition to general background (to provide the Board with the same context the
`
`district court had, see Ex. 1027 at 6-8; Paper 32 at 10-13), the principal subject of
`
`this testimony was to describe how Dr. Niykiza’s “idea was met with consistent
`
`skepticism, and was not adopted until after the priority date, when deaths occurred
`
`in the Phase III clinical trials.” Paper 32 at 54-55. The same evidence and
`
`arguments here were at issue in the district court, and Teva and Fresenius
`
`thoroughly examined Dr. Niyikiza by deposition and at trial. Neptune’s expert, Dr.
`
`Feigal, has also analyzed many of the documents and testified that in 1998, “FDA
`
`noted the risk of decreasing pemetrexed’s efficacy” if vitamin pretreatment was
`
`administered. Ex. 1080 ¶ 35; Ex. 2100 at ELAP00008719; cf. Ex. 2116 at 790-92.
`
`After Lilly submitted its POR, Neptune and Sandoz jointly sought and
`
`received permission to file a motion to obtain Dr. Niykiza’s deposition. Paper 43.
`
`The Board has not ruled on Petitioners’ motion.
`
`B.
`
`In its motion to exclude, Neptune reiterates the procedural arguments
`
`from its motion seeking Dr. Niyikiza’s deposition and accuses Lilly of violating
`
`the Board’s procedural regulations. Mot. at 10-15. Neptune is mistaken.
`
`The lynchpins of Neptune’s arguments are 37 C.F.R. §§ 42.51 and 42.53.
`
`Section 42.53 states that “[u]ncompelled direct testimony must be submitted in the
`
`form of an affidavit.” Section 42.51(b)(1)(ii) permits cross-examination by
`
`
`
`10
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`deposition of “affidavit testimony prepared for the proceeding.” 37 C.F.R.
`
`§ 42.51(b)(1)(ii) (emphasis added). Based on these two regulations, Neptune
`
`argues that the submission of testimony in other forms, from other proceedings, is
`
`forbidden; in Neptune’s view, the only testimony that can be considered is affidavit
`
`testimony, and all affidavit testimony must be subject to cross-examination. But
`
`that is plainly wrong. Neptune’s reading would mean that the “prepared for the
`
`proceeding” language of 37 C.F.R. § 42.51(b)(1)(ii) is surplusage, as under that
`
`reading, all affidavits, prepared for any proceeding, would have to be followed by
`
`cross-examination. Alternatively, if affidavits were permitted without cross-
`
`examination but 37 C.F.R. § 42.53 were read as a blanket prohibition on prior
`
`testimony in other forms, affidavit testimony from other proceedings without
`
`cross-examination would be favored over transcripts of trials and hearings that did
`
`feature cross-examination. Neither possibility makes any sense.
`
`In fact, the regulations, taken together, have a different, internally consistent
`
`reading. When uncompelled testimony is “prepared for the proceeding,” it must be
`
`submitted in the form of an affidavit, and the other party is then entitled to cross-
`
`examine the affiant. Neither regulation has any bearing on whether or when
`
`testimony prepared for other proceedings—in whatever form—can be submitted.
`
`In fact, the Board routinely considers such testimony. See, e.g., Petroleum Geo-
`
`Services, Inc. v. WesternGeco, LLC, IPR2014-01477, Paper 71, at 54-55 (PTAB
`
`
`
`11
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`July 11, 2016) (analyzing testimony from district-court trial involving same patent
`
`as evidence of praise).
`
`C. Neptune also asserts that unless Dr. Niyikiza is shown to be
`
`“unavailable,” his trial testimony is hearsay because it is not “at the current trial or
`
`hearing.” Mot. at 8-9. Its position is curious, given its prior arguments that Dr.
`
`Niyikiza’s testimony should be given no weight “if he cannot be cross-examined.”
`
`Paper 43 at 10 (emphasis added). If Neptune were correct that testimony from
`
`other proceedings must be treated as hearsay here unless the witness is unavailable,
`
`the ability to depose Dr. Niyikiza would not have made his trial testimony
`
`admissible, and its original position would have made no sense. Neptune was right
`
`the first time; the relevant question is one of weight. Neptune cites a number of
`
`cases for the proposition that when testimony is submitted as a declaration from
`
`another proceeding the declarations should be given little weight. Mot. at 12-14
`
`(collecting cases). Those cases are inapplicable here because the testimony is from
`
`a trial where, unlike a declaration from a prior proceeding, full cross-examination
`
`occurred. But if Neptune were correct that prior testimony must be treated as
`
`hearsay in PTAB proceedings absent a showing of unavailability, the declarations
`
`would not have been admissible in those cases, and there would have been no
`
`question in the cases it cites about how much weight to give them.
`
`In fact, the Board has rejected hearsay challenges like Neptune’s on the
`
`
`
`12
`
`

`

`
`
`
`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`ground that “prior trial testimony” is “similar to a declaration in this proceeding for
`
`
`
`
`which Petitioner had the opportunity to conduct cross-examinations and thus is not
`
`inadmissible.” PGS, IPR2014-01477, Paper 71 at 75-76. This approach is
`
`consistent with that taken in other contexts, such as consideration of summary
`
`judgment in district court, where live testimony is unavailable and prior testimony
`
`is not disfavored over written testimony from the same proceeding. E.g., Arceo v.
`
`City of Junction City, 182 F. Supp.2d 1062, 1080-81 (D. Kan. 2002).
`
`At a trial or hearing in open court, transcripts of prior proceedings are not
`
`admissible evidence if the witness is available to testify live, but the reasons for
`
`that are inapplicable to PTAB proceedings that are decided on the papers. As the
`
`Supreme Court has observed, “[i]f the declarant is available and the same
`
`information can be presented to the trier of fact in the form of live testimony, with
`
`full cross-examination and the opportunity to view the demeanor of the declarant,
`
`there is little justification for relying on” prior testimony. United States v. Inadi,
`
`475 U.S. 387, 394 (1986); see McCormick on Evidence § 301 (the rationale behind
`
`the hearsay treatment of prior testimony is “the strong preference to have available
`
`witnesses testify in open court”). These principles offer no justification for
`
`excluding Dr. Niyikiza’s testimony, as he was cross-examined in court, and where
`
`Neptune’s proffered alternative—an affidavit followed by cross-examination by
`
`deposition—would not provide any opportunity to view his demeanor.
`
`
`
`13
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`Neptune’s only response is to argue that only Joinder-Petitioners, not
`
`Neptune itself, got to cross-examine Dr. Niyikiza at trial. Mot. at 11-12. But those
`
`Joinder-Petitioners who did examine Dr. Niyikiza at deposition and trial had
`
`exactly the same incentive to cross-examine Dr. Niyikiza as Neptune does here—
`
`they had even more than the “an opportunity and similar motive to develop” cross-
`
`examination testimony that the evidence rules recite. FRE 804(b)(1)(B). The
`
`invention about which others expressed skepticism is the same in both proceedings
`
`and the skepticism has no relationship to the precise invalidity theory being
`
`advanced (which is, in any event, largely the same here as in the district court).
`
`And the sole issue relating to skepticism about which Neptune says it would have
`
`examined Dr. Niyikiza—“the possibility that his allegation of ‘skepticism’ was
`
`premised on matters unrelated to the claimed invention”—was an issue argued at
`
`trial. Eli Lilly & Co. v. Teva Parenteral Medicines, et al., Case No. 1:10-cv-1376-
`
`TWP-DKL, ECF No. 331 at 40-41 (S.D. Ind. Oct. 11, 2013).
`
`Finally, Neptune argues that Dr. Niyikiza’s testimony is double hearsay to
`
`the extent he testified about the statements made by others. Mot. at 8-9. But as the
`
`district court correctly ruled at trial, these statements are not being offered for their
`
`truth; what matters to skepticism is that they were said. Ex. 2116 at 748-49, 763-
`
`64, 788. They are therefore not double hearsay. (Lilly does not ask the Board to
`
`consider the one answer in the pages Neptune cites that was excluded as hearsay
`
`
`
`14
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`by the district court. Ex. 2116 at 747-48; see Mot. at 10.)
`
`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`D. Neptune also complains that Dr. Niyikiza is not an expert. Mot. at 9.
`
`But he is not being offered to provide expert testimony, as the district court
`
`recognized in overruling identical objections, but merely explained his own use of
`
`terminology and thought processes. Ex. 2116 at 734-737. Neptune also complains
`
`that Dr. Niyikiza testified about matters about which he had no personal
`
`knowledge, but with regard to the history of the Lilly antifolate program, Neptune
`
`has not established (or even articulated) what information Dr. Niyikiza supposedly
`
`testified about without adequate foundation or why this issue, too, does not go to
`
`the testimony’s weight rather than admissibility. Mot. at 10. These arguments do
`
`not provide a basis to exclude any of Dr. Niyikiza’s testimony, much less all of it.
`
`E.
`
`Finally, Neptune faults Lilly for omitting the remainder of Dr.
`
`Niyikiza’s testimony. Lilly served the entirety of Dr. Niyikiza’s trial testimony as
`
`supplemental evidence under 37 C.F.R. § 42.64(b)(2). Neptune had every
`
`opportunity to submit any other portions it desired to submit or to submit the
`
`testimony in its entirety. It did not, and then amazingly seeks to use that as a basis
`
`for exclusion. In any event, this issue is easily resolved. Lilly is filing with this
`
`paper the entirety of Dr. Niyikiza’s testimony as Exhibit 2125, Ex. A.
`
`
`
`Dated: February 21, 2017
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`15
`
`

`

`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`/David M. Krinsky/
`David M. Krinsky
`Reg. No. 72,339
`Williams & Connolly, LLP
`725 12th St., NW
`Washington, DC 20005
`Telephone: 202-434-5338
`Facsimile: 202-434-5029
`Email: dkrinsky@wc.com
`
`Back-up Counsel for
`Patent Owner
`
`
`
`
`
`
`16
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
`(37 C.F.R. §§ 42.6(e))
`
`The undersigned hereby certifies that the document above was served on
`
`this 21st day of February, 2017, on the Petitioners by delivering a copy via
`
`electronic mail to the following individuals at the email addresses below:
`
`Sarah E. Spires
`Reg. No. 61,501
`240Neptune@skiermontderby.com
`
`Skiermont Derby LLP
`2200 Ross Ave., Ste. 4800W
`Dallas, Texas 75201
`P: 214-978-6600/F: 214-978-6601
`
`Attorneys for Neptune Generics, LLC
`
`John D. Polivick
`Reg. No. 57,926
`jpolivick@rmmslegal.com
`
`William A. Rakoczy
`Pro hac vice to be filed
`wrakoczy@rmmslegal.com
`
`Rakoczy Molino Mazzochi Siwik LLP
`6 West Hubbard Street, Suite 500
`Chicago, IL
`P: 312-527-2157/F: 312-527-4205
`
`Attorneys for Apotex Inc. and Apotex
`Corp.
`
`Gary J. Speier
`Reg. No. 45,458
`gspeier@carlsoncaspers.com
`
`
`
`Dr. Parvathi Kota
`Reg. No. 65,122
`240Neptune@skiermontderby.com
`
`
`
`
`Deanne M. Mazzochi
`Reg. No. 50,158
`dmazzochi@rmmslegal.com
`
`Patrick C. Kilgore
`Reg. No. 69,131
`pkilgore@rmmslegal.com
`
`
`
`Mark D. Schuman
`Reg. No. 31,197
`mschuman@carlsoncaspers.com
`
`
`
`

`

`
`Carlson, Caspers, Vandenburgh,
`Lindquist & Schuman
`225 South Sixth Street, Suite 4200
`Minneapolis, MN 55402
`P: 612-436-9600
`F: 612-436-9605
`
`Cynthia Lambert Hardman
`Reg. No. 53,179
`chardman@goodwinprocter.com
`
`Goodwin Procter LLP
`The New York Times Building
`620 Eighth Avenue
`New York, NY 10018-1405
`P: 212-813-8800
`F: 212-355-3333
`
`Attorneys for Teva Pharmaceuticals
`USA, Inc. and Kabi Fresenius USA,
`LLC
`
`Patrick A. Doody
`Reg. No. 35,022
`patrick.doody@pillsburylaw.com
`
`Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP
`1650 Tysons Boulevard
`McLean, VA 22102
`P: 703-770-7755/F: 703-770-7901
`
`Counsel for Wockhardt Bio AG
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Bryan P. Collins
`Reg. No. 43,560
`bryan.collins@pillsburylaw.com
`
`
`/David M. Krinsky/
`David M. Krinsky
`Attorney for Patent Owner
`Registration No. 72,339
`Back-up Counsel for
`Patent Owner
`
`
`
`

`

`Case IPR 2016-00240
`Patent 7,772,209
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Date: February 21, 2017
`
`
`
`
`
`

This document is available on Docket Alarm but you must sign up to view it.


Or .

Accessing this document will incur an additional charge of $.

After purchase, you can access this document again without charge.

Accept $ Charge
throbber

Still Working On It

This document is taking longer than usual to download. This can happen if we need to contact the court directly to obtain the document and their servers are running slowly.

Give it another minute or two to complete, and then try the refresh button.

throbber

A few More Minutes ... Still Working

It can take up to 5 minutes for us to download a document if the court servers are running slowly.

Thank you for your continued patience.

This document could not be displayed.

We could not find this document within its docket. Please go back to the docket page and check the link. If that does not work, go back to the docket and refresh it to pull the newest information.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

You need a Paid Account to view this document. Click here to change your account type.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

Set your membership status to view this document.

With a Docket Alarm membership, you'll get a whole lot more, including:

  • Up-to-date information for this case.
  • Email alerts whenever there is an update.
  • Full text search for other cases.
  • Get email alerts whenever a new case matches your search.

Become a Member

One Moment Please

The filing “” is large (MB) and is being downloaded.

Please refresh this page in a few minutes to see if the filing has been downloaded. The filing will also be emailed to you when the download completes.

Your document is on its way!

If you do not receive the document in five minutes, contact support at support@docketalarm.com.

Sealed Document

We are unable to display this document, it may be under a court ordered seal.

If you have proper credentials to access the file, you may proceed directly to the court's system using your government issued username and password.


Access Government Site

We are redirecting you
to a mobile optimized page.





Document Unreadable or Corrupt

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket

We are unable to display this document.

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket