11/202015
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`Radical reactions on polypropylene in the solid state
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`Article outline
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`4 Shawfullouiino
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`Abstract
`Keywords
`1. Introduction
`2. Diffusion and sorption
`3. Process for the modification of
`4. Mechanism and kinetic of radical r...
`5_ mam 01 mm P03 on me 8”.
`5- G"“”"9 °’ "‘°“°'"°'5
`7- crossdinking 0‘ PP
`8' H. h meltstren h PP
`9_ Plripemes and gtpplicafion
`References
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`Figures and tables
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`Progress in Polymer Science
`Volume 27, Issue 7. September 2002, Pages 1195-1282
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`Radical reactions on polypropylene in the solid state
`Manfred Ratzsch‘
`»
`, Manfred Arnold”, Eberhard Borsigc, Hartmut Bucka‘, Norbert Reichelt‘
`“ B
`I" AG St P t
`t 25 A-4021 Li
`A t ‘
`orea is
`,
`e ers r.
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`nz,
`us na
`" IPW Martin-Luther-University. Halle/Wittenburg, Geusaer Str., Geb. 131, 06217 Merseburg, Gemiany
`° Polymer Institute SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 84226 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
`Received 21 July 2000, Revised 5 August 2001. Accepted 5 November 2001, Available orine 29 January
`2002
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`U Rem 3‘ Deepoyve
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`doi:10.1016/S0079-6700(02)00006-0
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`Abstract
`
`The chemical modification initiated by radicals and the grafting of isotactic polypropylene
`(i-PP) in the solid state are reviewed.
`
`The attack of a radical onto the polypropylene mainchain is led by abstraction of a
`hydrogen atom to a tert-carbon radical. The tert-carbon radical of the polypropylene
`mainchain is unstable and overcomes with the so-called B-scission-reaction.
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`During the [5-scission-reaction, the mainchain is broken into two parts with a double
`bound on the one and a primary radical on the other chain and.
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`The resulting degradation of the molecular weight is one limitation of the radical
`modification of i-PP in the melt and is the main reason for the development of radical
`reactions in the solid state.
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`It is well known that the B-scission-reaction depends strongly on the temperature. Below
`60 “C. the recombination reactions of the i-PP-radicals predominate so that a cross-
`linking results.
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`Above 60 “C. the B-scission-reaction increases and the molecular weight of the i-PP
`decreases in a logarithmic scale.
`
`The first part of our paper deals with the mechanism of the grafting reactions of different
`monomers onto i-PP below the melting point of i-PP and the special processing
`conditions related to it.
`
`To start the grafting at low reaction temperatures, v or electron-ray scattering or special
`peroxides are used. As monomers different methacrylates, acrylates, acrylonitrile,
`styrene, divinylbenzene, maleic anhydride, butadiene. dimethylbutadiene,
`vinyltrimethoxysilane and other silanes to PP-graft copolymers are investigated.
`
`The influence of the resonance stability (Q-value of the Qe-schema) of the monomer
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`httpJMww.sciericedrecLcari/sdaicelarficldpii/St1)7967000200(X)60
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`BOREALIS EXHIBIT 1028
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`11/20/2015
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`Radical reactions on polypropylene in the solid state
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`radicals in the process will be discussed. From this knowledge, we will further discuss a
`special process forthe long chain branching of the melting temperature of i-PP in an
`extruder. The properties of the resulting materials are an important part of our review.
`
`Keywords
`
`Polypropylene; Radical reactions; Solid state; Grafting; Branching; Cross-linking
`
`Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +43—732—6981
`Copyright © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
`
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`http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/SO079670002000060
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`11/20/2015
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`Radical reactions on polypropylene in the solid state
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`http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079670002000060
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