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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`PAGE 1 OF 5
`
`BOREALIS EXHIBIT 1023
`
`PAGE 1 OF 5
`
`BOREALIS EXHIBIT 1023
`
`

`
`Hawley ’s
`Condensed Chemical
`
`Dictionary
`
`Fourteenth Edition
`
`Revised by
`
`Richard J. Lewis, Sr.
`
`JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
`
`PAGE 2 OF 5
`
`

`
`This book is pxinted on acid-free paper.
`
`Copyright © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. All rights reserved.
`
`Published simultaneously in Canada.
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system. or transmitted
`in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or
`otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 10'? or 108 of the 1976 United States
`Copyright Act. without either the prior written permission of the Publisher. or authorization
`through payment of the appropriate per—copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222
`Rosewood Drive. Danvers, MA 01923. (978) 750-8400. fax (978) 750-4744. Requests to the
`Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Pemtissions Department, John Wiley &
`Sons. Inc.. 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012. (212) 850-60ll, fax (2I2) 850-
`6008, E-mail: PERMREQ@WlLEY.COM.
`
`For ordering and customer service. call 1-300-CALL—WILEY.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
`
`Condensed chemical dictionary.
`I-lawley’s condensed chemical dictionary.—l4th ed] rev. by Richard J. Lewis, Sr. p. cm.
`Includes index.
`
`ISBN 0-471-38735-5 (cloth: acid-free paper)
`I. Chernist1'y—Dictiona.ries. I. Title: Condensed chemical dictionary.
`1905- [1]. Lewis. Richard J., Sr. IV. Titlc.
`
`II Hawley, Gessner Goodrich,
`
`QD5 C5 2002
`540”.3- -dc21
`
`Printed in the United States of America.
`
`1098765
`
`2001045614
`
`PAGE 3 OF 5
`
`

`
`INDULINES
`
`606
`
`Blue azine dyestuffs obtained by the
`indulines.
`interaction of amino-azo benzene and aniline hydro-
`chloride.
`
`Explosive containing 40% guncotton
`indurite.
`and 60% nil1'oben:r.ene.
`
`“Industrene” [Cromptcm & Knowles].
`for fatty acids.
`Use: Rubber compounding, foam rlispersants, lttbri—
`cants, water repellents, polishes. metallic soaps.
`crayons, alkyd resins, mineral flotation adjuvants,
`and emulsifiers.
`
`TM
`
`industrial alcohol.
`
`See alcohol, industrial.
`
`industrial carbon.
`
`See carbon, industrial.
`
`See chemical
`industrial chemistry.
`technology; chemical process industry.
`
`industrial diamonds.
`industrial.
`
`See diamonds,
`
`industrial dust.
`
`See dust, industrial.
`
`industrial waste.
`chemical waste.
`
`See waste control;
`
`A terrrt used to indicate chemical inactivity
`inert.
`in an element or compound. Helium, neon, and ar-
`gon are practically inert gaseous elements; carbon
`dioxide is a gaseous compound of low activity. In-
`gredients added to mixtures chiefly for bulk and
`weight purposes are said to be inert.
`See noble; extender.
`
`Gaseous element of group 18 of the
`inert gas.
`periodic table, such as helittrn or argon, which is
`nonreactive under ordinary conditions. These gases
`are not completely unreactive and inert gas com-
`pounds have been synthesized.
`
`Point of maxitnuitt dissocia-
`infinite dilution.
`tion of an electrolyte at which point the greatest
`amount of conductivity has been reached.
`
`The region of the electromagnetic spec-
`infrared.
`trum including wavelengths from 0.78 micron to
`approximately 300 microns (i.e.. longer than visible
`light and shorter than microwave).
`Use: Spectroscopic analysis, medicine, baking of
`enamels, drying. photography.
`See radiation.
`
`An ttttnlytical Lecit-
`infrared spectroscopy.
`nique that may measure either ( l i the range of wave-
`lengths iii the infrared that are absorbed by a speci-
`men. which cliaiactcrizc its molecular constitution
`[£]l')S(1fTJIiC|]l .*i]‘ICi.‘ll'(1!\'L'()py), ()1’(2} t]-gc j:]f'|';u'gd way-‘cg
`emitted by excited atoms or ntoleculcs tctttission
`
`spectroscopy). Extremely hot bodies (stars) emit
`spectra in which the atomic composition can be
`determined by characteristic lines such as the sodi-
`utti D line in the sun‘s spectrum. Infrared absorption
`bands identify molecular components and struc-
`tures. some of which ate:
`
`Absorption Band (ti) Sttucture Indicated
`2.3-3.2
`OH and NH groups; H,
`3.2-3.3
`aromatics, olefins
`3.33-3.55
`aliphatics
`5.7-6.1
`aldehydes, ketones, acids.
`amides
`
`See microwave spectroscopy; absorption (2).
`
`TM for a refractory
`“Infrax” [Carborundum].
`insulation used as primary linings of fuel-fired and
`electric furnaces only when protected by a cement
`facing. Available in brick tbrm.
`
`An aqueous solution obtained by treat-
`infusion.
`ing drugs with hot or cold water, without boiling.
`Generally prepared by pouring boiling water upon
`the vegetable substance and macerating the mixture
`in a tightly closed vessel until the liquid cools. When
`not otherwise specified, they are of 5% strength by
`weight.
`
`infusorial earth.
`
`See diatomaceous earth.
`
`Highly refined steel with a maximum
`ingot iron.
`of 0.15% impurity. Due to high purity it has excel-
`lent ductility and resistance to 1‘t.tsti1tg.
`
`An insoluble dye developed by
`ingrain dye.
`impregnating a fabric with one or more intermedi-
`ates and then producing the dye by reaction with a
`different intermediate.
`
`TM for a non-toxic corro-
`“lnhibisil” [PPG].
`sion inhibiting silica pigmenl for metal finishes.
`Use: Paints and coatings.
`
`(1) A compound (usually organic) that
`inhibitor.
`retards or stops an undesired chentical reaction, such
`as corrosion, oxidation or polymerization. Exam-
`ples are acetartilide which retards decomposition of
`hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid, used to pre-
`vent prcvulcanization of rttbber. Such substances
`are sometimes called negative catalysts. (2) A bio-
`logical antagonist used to retard growth of pests and
`insects and in medicine.
`See antagonist, structural; antioxidant.
`
`TM for a
`“Inhibitor NPH” [Maihnckrodt].
`synthetic organic chemical that provides an effec-
`tive means of controlling hard polymer formation in
`synthetic rubber production.
`Properties: Fine white to yellow—white platelets;
`ammoniacal odor. Bulk d 5 lb/gal. mp l60—l64C
`(with decomposition).
`
`PAGE 4 OF 5
`
`

`
`T.
`
`Symbol for tritium, also for tera-.
`
`Tag Closed Cup.
`
`See TCC.
`
`Abbreviation for 2,4,5-trichlorophenoao
`2,4,5-T.
`yacetic acid.
`
`2,4,6-T.
`
`Abbreviation for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol.
`
`Ta.
`
`Symbol for tantalum.
`
`A permissible food additive used to in-
`tagetes.
`crease the yellow color of the skin and eggs of
`poultry.
`It is made from the petals of the Aztec
`marigold (Tagetes erecta L), either ground to a meal
`or extracted with hexane, with addition of up to
`0.3% cthoxyquin.
`
`(dimethylphosphoramidocyanidic acid,
`tabun.
`ethyl ester).
`CAS: 77-81-6. (CI-l,),NP(O)(C,H,O)(CN). A nerve
`gas.
`
`[’I'operties: Liquid. Fp —-SOC. bp 24-DC. flash p l72F
`(THC). d 1.4250 [20/4C). Readily soluble in organ-
`ic solvents; miscible with water but readily hydro-
`lyzed; destroyed by bleaching powder. generating
`cyanogen chloride. Combustible.
`Hazard: Very toxic by inhalation, cholinestcrase in-
`hibitor. a military nerve gas, fatal close (man) 0.01
`mg/kg.
`
`TM fortestcd additive
`“TAC” {MnlIt'nckrodt].
`chemical items, satisfactory for food additives and
`medical uses.
`
`C,,H.,,0.
`tachysterol.
`Properties: Oil; levorotatory. Insoluble in water; sol-
`uble in most organic solvents. Protect from air.
`Use: Medicine, as the dihydrotachysterol.
`
`Refers to compounds used for making
`tackifiers.
`an adhesive sticlcier.
`
`tackiness.
`adhesive.
`
`(tack). Property of being sticky or
`
`A low-grade iron ore consisting essen-
`taconite.
`tially ofa mixture of hematite and silica. it contains
`25% iron. Found in the Lake Superior district and
`western states.
`
`The regularity or symmetry in the mo-
`tacticity.
`lecular arrangement or structure of a polymer mole-
`cule. Contrasts with random positioning ofst1bstitu—
`cnt groups along the pol ymcr backbone. or random
`position with respect to one another of successive
`atoms in the backbone chain of a polymer molecule.
`See polymer, stereospecific; isotactic.
`
`Tafel rearrangement.
`Rearrangement of the
`carbon skeleton of substituted acetoacetic esters to
`hydrocarbons with the same number of carbon
`atoms by electrolytic reduction at a lead cathode in
`alcoholic sulfuric acid.
`
`Aradioactiveisotope used in trac-
`tagged atom.
`ing the behavior of a substance in both biochemical
`and engineering research, e.g., C-14 or I-l3l.
`Sec tracer; label (2).
`
`Tagliabue Closed Cup.
`determining flash points.
`
`Astandard method of
`
`Tagliabue Open Cup
`determining flash points.
`
`A standard method of
`
`Tag Open Cup.
`
`See Tagliabue Open Cup.
`
`( I) In flour milling, the product left after
`tailings.
`grinding and bolting middlings. (2) Impurities re-
`maining after the extraction of useful minerals from
`an orc. (3) In general, any residue from a mechanical
`refining or separation process.
`
`A molecule that has been
`tailored molecule.
`modified chemically to give it certain properties.
`
`Refers to high-boiling impurities that are
`tails.
`less volatile than the solvent being distilled.
`
`(talcum; soapstone; stcatite).
`talc.
`or
`14307-96-6.
`Mg_,Si,O,,.t0H),
`CA8:
`3Mg0-4SiO,IH_.O. A natural hydrous magnesium
`silicate. Compact. massive varieties may be called
`steatitc in distinction from the toliatcd varieties.
`which are called talc. Soapstone is an impure variety
`of steatitc.
`
`Properties: White, apple-green, gray powder; pearly
`or greasy luster. greasy feel. Mobs hardness 1-1.5
`(may be harder when impure), high resistance to
`acids, alkalies and heat; d 2.7-2.8.
`Grade: Crude, washed. air-floated, USP, fibrous
`(99.5%, 99.95%).
`Hazard: Toxic by inhalation. TLV: 2 mg/tn‘. respira-
`hlc dust: not classifiable as :1 human carcinogen.
`Use: Ceramics; cosmetics and pharmaceuticals; tiller
`in rubber. paints. soap, putty, plaster. oilctoth;
`abhcrenl; dusting agent: lubricant; paper; slate pcn—
`cils and crayons; electrical
`insulation.
`See magnesium silicate.
`
`1066
`
`PAGE 5 OF 5