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`
`
`Academic Press
`Dictionary
`of Science and
`Technology
`
`Edited by
`Christopher Morris
`
`Academic Press
`
`Harcourt Brace Iovanovich, Publishers
`
`San Diego New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto
`MYLAN V. BAXTER
`
` TER
`IPR2016-00218
`|PR2016-00218
`EXHIBIT 2005
`EXH|B|T 2005
`
`
`
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`This book is printed on acid-free paper. Q-3?
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`Copyright © [992 by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
`All Rights Reserved.
`No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
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`storage and retrieval system. without permission in writing from the publisher.
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Academic Press dictionary of science and technology I edited by
`Christopher Morris
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-l 2-200400-0
`
`2. Tet:hnology--Dictionaries.
`I. Science—-Dictionaries.
`II. Academic Press.
`III. Title:
`l. Morris, Christopher G.
`Dictionary of science and technology.
`Ql23.A33
`1991
`503--dc2U
`
`PRINTED 1N THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
`929394959697 DO9S'.'65<-132]
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`90-29032
`CIP
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`AG I LA_0O02660
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`Apterygota
`
`142
`
`Ara
`
`Apterygota lrrt'errc.bi'are Zoology. a subclass or group of primitively
`wingless Insecta whose members undergo little or tto metamorphosis:
`includes bristletails, springtails. and silverfish. Also. Apterygote.
`Aptian Geology. a European geologic stage of the Lower Cretaceous pe-
`riod. after the Barremian and before the Albian. Also, VECTIAN.
`aptitude Psyrltology. the potential ability to acquire a new skill or per-
`form a previously unlearned task.
`aptitude test Psycliolngy. a test that is intended to predict an individ-
`ual’s capacity to become proficient in a given activity.
`aptyalism M(’Cll('lll€. an absence or deficiency of saliva. Also, aptyalia.
`APU auxiliary power unit.
`APUD Oncology. an acronym for amine percursor uptake and declar-
`boxylation.
`APUD cells Orimlogy. a system of apparently unrelated endocrine cells
`sharing a number of cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics and
`found scattered throughout the body: this system synthesizes struc-
`turally related peptides that function as honnoncs or neurotransmitters.
`and produces various substances, such as epinephrine, norepinephrine.
`dopamine, serotonin. and neurotensin.
`apudoma Oncology. any tumor composed of APUD cells that secrete
`one or more hormones or amines.
`Apus [a‘ pas] Vertebrate Zoology. a genus of Old World swifts in the
`bird family Apoditiae. Astronomy. the Bird of Paradise, a small and faint
`constellation of the southern sky.
`apyrase Euzymalogy. an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of
`adenosine triphosphate. releasing phosphate.
`apyrexia Medicine. the absence or intermittent cessation of fever.
`A0 Psyclrology. achievement quotient.
`aq. or Aq. water. (From Latin aqua.)
`aq. bull. boiling water. (From Latin aqua bullleus.)
`aq. dost. distilled water. (From Latin aqua desrillara.)
`aq. ferv. warm water. (From Latin aqua fewerrs.)
`AOL see ACCEPTABLE QUALITY LEVEL.
`Aql see AQUILA.
`aq. pur. pure water. (From Latin aqua para.)
`Aqr see AQUARIUS.
`aq. tap.
`tepid water. (From Latin aqua tepida.)
`aqua [ii.k‘wa] Science. the Latin word for water. Clreml.rrr_v. relating to or
`being an aqueous solution.
`aqua ammonia see AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.
`aquaculture see AQUICULTURE.
`Aquadag EIecri'om'cs. a trade name for a conductive graphite material
`coated to the interior and exterior of some cathode-ray tubes. On the in-
`terior it serves to collect any secondary electrons emitted by the screen,
`while on the exterior it serves as the final capacitor of the high voltage
`filtering circuit. Materials. 21 trade name for a colloidal suspension of
`graphite in water. used as a lubricant and a conductive coating.
`aqua fortls Irror-gariic Clienir'srry. another name for nitric acid. HN03.
`See NITRIC ACID.
`aquagene luff see HYALOCLASTITE.
`Aqualf Geology. a suborder of the soil order Alfisol that develops in
`water-saturated areas and is characterized by a gray or mottled color.
`aqualung Engineering. a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
`(scuba) in which the air supply is automatically regulated by a two-stage
`valve or by the demand regulator.
`aquamarine Mlmzrology. a gem variety of beryl.
`aquametry Aual_vtft'ol Clremishry. analytical procedures such as oven
`drying. distillation, or Karl Fischer titration. used to measure the quan-
`tity of water present in materials.
`aquapuncture Surgery. the injection of water beneath the skin.
`aqua regia lll0i"g&l1'l(' Cl?€i'7i'lSfi"_l‘. a highly corrosive. suffocating liquid
`made by mixing one part nitric acid to three or four parts hydrochloric
`acid; used to dissolve metals, including gold and platinum.
`Aquarius Arrrorromy. the Water Bearer. a zodiacal constellation located
`between Pisces and Capricornus.
`Aquaspirlllum Bac!crr'olog_v. a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that
`grow in freshwater habitats as helical cells, exhibiting a distinct
`corkscrewlike motility by means of bipolar flagellatiori.
`aquatic Bi'alogy. living or growing in or on water.
`aquatint Graphic Arts. an etching process on a copper plate that pro-
`duces halftones resembling watercolors.
`aquatlon Clmnr'srr_v. the process of forming a complex of water
`molecules with ions or other molecules.
`aquatone Graplrlr Arts. an offset printing process using a gelatin-
`coated zinc plate.
`
`aqueduct Civil Englneeriizg. a conduit used for carrying water over
`long distances.
`Aquent Geology. a suborder of the soil order Entisol that develops in
`areas periodically saturated with water and is characterized by a bluish-
`or greenish-gray color.
`aqueous [ia'k'wé os] Science. of or relating to water. Cliernisrr-_v. of a so-
`lution. containing water. Geology. of rocks. formed of matter deposited
`by or in water.
`aqueous humor Physiology. 3. clear watery fluid between the cornea
`and the iris of the eye that helps the cornea keep its shape.
`aqueous lava Volcarrology. mud lava fon-ned as a result of the mixture
`of volcanic ash with water or condensing volcanic vapor.
`aqueous rock Petrology. a sedimentary rock that is deposited in or by
`water. Also, nvonooetuc ROCK.
`aqueous solution Cliemistry. a solution with water as the solvent.
`aqueous vapor see WATER VAPOR.
`Aquept Geology. a suborder of the soil order Inceptisol that develops in
`areas where restricted natural drainage results in water saturation; char-
`acterized by a dark surface horizon over a mottled or gray subsoil.
`aquiclude Geology. :1 body of relatively impermeable rock that serves
`to restrict the flow of groundwater as it cannot transmit enough water to
`directly supply a well or spring.
`aqulculture Biology. 1. the cultivation of aquatic plants and animals for
`human food consumption or other human use. 2. specifically. freshwater
`cultivation, as opposed to marine cultivation (mariculture). Also. AQUA-
`CULTURE.
`
`aquifer [ak’wa for] Hydrology. a permeable body of rock or other geo-
`logic structure that contains and conducts economically significant
`quantities of groundwater to supply wells and springs.
`Aquifoliaceae Botany. the holly family of trees and shrubs. character»
`ized by alternate. usually evergreen leaves: often having spiny-toothed
`margins, small, greenish-white flowers in axillary clusters. and red or
`purple berrylike drupcs.
`aquifuge {al(’wa fyooj'] Geology. a body of rock that is incapable of ab-
`sorbing or transmitting water. thus rendering it impermeable.
`aquiharbosa Ecology. the herbaceous plant communities of ponds and
`swamps.
`Aquila [alc’ we 19] A.rtran0my. the Eagle. a constellation lying south of
`Cygnus and Lyra that contains the bright star Altair.
`aquiprata Ecology. the plant communities influenced by the presence of
`groundwater in damp meadows.
`Aquitanlan Geology.
`21 European geologic stage of the Iowcnnost
`Miocene epoch, occurring after the Chattian of the Oligocene and be-
`fore the Burdigalian.
`aquitard Geology. a leaky confining bed that transmits water at a very
`slow rate to or from an adjacent aquifer.
`Aquod Geology. a suborder of the soil order Spodosol that develops in
`water-saturated areas as a result of fluctuating water tables or humid cli-
`mates; characterized by a black surface horizon. a white albic horizon.
`or a cemented spodic horizon.
`aqua ion Chemistry. a term for an ion that contains one or more water
`molecules.
`
`Aquoll Geology. a suborder of the soil order Mollisol that develops in
`areas periodically saturated with water; characterized by a black surface
`horizon over a mottled or gray subsoil.
`Aquox Geology. a suborder of the soil order Oxlsol that develops in
`areas periodically saturated with water and is characterized by a mottled
`subsoil.
`
`Aquult Geology. a suborder of the soil order Ultisol that develops in
`areas periodically saturated with water and is characterized by a gray or
`mottled color.
`Ar see ARGON.
`Ar, Metallurgy. in a steel. the temperature at which the transformation of
`the face-centered cubic phase to the low-temperature body-centered
`cubic phase or to a combination of such phase and iron carbide is com-
`pleted upon cooling
`Arz Metallurgy. in the them-ial treatment of steel, a formerly designated
`critical transformation temperature. now recognized as the temperature
`at which a gradual change from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic behavior
`begins to occur upon cooling.
`An, Metallurgy. in a steel, the temperature at which the high-temperature
`body-centered cubic phase transfonns to face-centered cubic during
`cooling.
`Ara [if to] A.rrror1om_v. the Altar. a small southern constellation with few
`bright stars.
`
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