United States Patent [19]
`Shannon
`
`3,780,225
`[11]
`[45] Dec. 18, 1973
`
`[54] TACTILE COMMUNICATION
`ATTA HMENT
`C
`[76] Inventor: Thomas D- Shannon’ 486 Broadway‘
`New York» N-Y-
`Jan. 3, 1972
`
`[22] Filed:
`
`[21] Appl' No‘: 214’892
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, “Portable Blood
`Pressure Monitor," L. J. Fiegel, Vol. 9
`No. 6, Novem
`ber 1966, page 558
`
`Primary Examiner—William C. Cooper
`Assistant Examiner-Randall P. Myers
`
`[52] us. 01 ............... .. 179/2 A, 17é/2 DP, 340/407
`[5;]
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`103’
`’
`’
`’
`
`’
`
`[56]
`
`2,972,l40
`3,535,067
`
`.
`References Cited
`UNITED STATES PATENTS
`2/1961
`Hirsch ............................... .1 340/407
`l0/l970
`Lesher et al.,.
`.. l28/2.05 P
`
`ABSTRACT
`[57]
`A tactile communication device including a responsive
`grip attachment and a control unit which are electro
`mechanical in operation and are intended to be used
`at least in pairs, to establish or permit tactile commu
`nication between two or more parties. The two de
`vices form a closed loop feedback control system
`whose output to each party is the pressure and volume
`variations of the responsive grip attachment experi
`enced by both parties
`
`3,414,676
`
`3.046.369
`
`12/1968 Long . . . . . . . . . . , . . .
`
`. . . . . .. 179/2 A
`
`7/1962
`
`Hicks .............................. .. 200/83 R
`
`I
`
`'
`
`_
`
`13 Claims, 3 Drawing Flgures
`
`PRESSURE
`/SLEEVE
`
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`
`Samsung USP 7,973,773
` Exhibit 1017 Page 1
`
`

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`PATENTEUUEEWQB
`
`3.780.225
`
`"
`
`SHEET 10$ 2
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` Exhibit 1017 Page 2
`
`

`
`PAIENTEDnEmms
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`3.780.225
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`FIG.2 I
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` Exhibit 1017 Page 3
`
`

`
`1 .
`TACTILE COMMUNICATION ATTACHMENT
`
`3,780,225
`
`20
`
`25
`
`This invention relates to a method and apparatus for
`permitting tactile communications in addition to or in
`stead of audible communication between two or more
`people via, for example, telephone lines or other com
`munication systems.
`The present invention is particularly applicable for
`use by persons who are deaf, deaf mutes and/or dumb,
`to carry on communications with another person who
`may also be deaf, a deaf mute or dumb, by or through
`an established system of communication using the
`sense of touch. The invention also permits a person to
`convey to another person the emotions which are
`sensed during a conversation, via the same sense of
`touch. While the above may be the principal applica
`tion for the invention, it will be apparent from the de
`scription below that the apparatus and method of the
`invention can be used to convey intelligence in the
`sense of touch over long distances and in various differ
`ent forms and applications.
`In particular, the apparatus of the invention com
`prises a tactile communication device including a re
`sponsive grip attachment and a control unit which are
`electro-mechanical in operation and are intended to be
`used at least in pairs, to establishor permit tactile com
`munication between two or more parties. The two de
`vices form a closed loop feedback control system
`whose output to each party is the pressure and volume
`variations of the responsive grip attachment experi
`enced by both parties.
`In the illustrated embodiment, the pressure and vol
`ume variations are provided by means of a ?uid-?lled
`device in the form of a sleeve or pad which is wrapped
`around a telephone hand set. A length of ?exible tubing
`connects the sleeve to a control unit located nearby,
`and the latter includes a compressible reservoir or
`?uid, hereinafter referred to as a bellows, coupled to a
`solenoid. When the sleeve is to be expanded or the
`pressure is to be increased, an electrical current is ap
`plied to the solenoid which attempts to compress the
`bellows. The magnitude of the solenoid current is pro
`portional to the degree to which the two parties oppose
`each other’s grip on the sleeves.
`A compression at one end of the phone line causes
`an increase in pressure and/or expansion at the other
`end. Similarly, any opposition to that expansion causes
`an increase in pressure at both ends. The overall effect
`is that both parties continually experience each other’s
`grip. A relaxing of
`one’s grip is re?ected as a “going
`limp” at the other end.
`This variation in pressure and volume can be used to
`establish a form of tactile communication, using the
`sense of touch. While disclosed in a telephone system,
`it will be appreciated that the device can be connected
`in any form of two-way communication system using,
`for example, microwave or shortwave bands and the
`like. If one or both parties is a deaf mute or either deaf
`or dumb, communications can be carried on between
`the parties, by arranging a system or code based on the
`feel of the responsive grip. Alternatively, these pressure
`variations can be used for tactile communication in ad
`dition to or instead of audible communication, or to op
`erate or activate other apparatus for various different
`purposes.
`
`2
`It is therefore an object of the present invention to
`provide a method and apparatus for permitting tactile
`communications between two or more people.
`A further object is to provide an apparatus which can
`be easily coupled to a communication system such as
`a telephone, for permitting tactile communications in
`addition to or instead of audible communication.
`Other objects of the invention will in part be obvious
`and will in part appear hereinafter.
`The invention accordingly comprises the several
`steps and the relation of one or more of such steps with
`respect to each of the others and the apparatus em
`bodying features of
`construction, combination of ele
`ments and arrangement of parts which are adapted to
`effect such steps, all as exempli?ed in the following de
`tailed disclosure, and the scope of the invention will be
`indicated in the claims.
`For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects
`of the invention, reference should be had to the follow
`ing detailed description taken in connection with the
`accompanying drawings in which:
`FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of the tactile
`communication device;
`FIG. 2 is a side plan view of a responsive grip tele
`phone attachment exemplary of a second embodiment
`of the invention, shown affixed to a telephone hand set;
`and
`FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along lines 3—-3 of
`FIG. 2.
`Similar reference characters refer to similar parts
`throughout the several views of the drawings.
`Referring now to the drawings, in FIG. 1 there is illus
`trated a tactile communication device exemplary of the
`invention including a responsive grip telephone attach
`ment in the form of a ?uid-?lled sleeve 11 affixed to a
`telephone hand set 10 and a control unit 12 which
`when coupled to a telephone line 13 and another such
`device coupled to the telephone line 13, permits tactile
`communications in addition to or instead of audible
`40
`communications between two parties via the telephone
`‘line 13. The telephone, including the telephone hand
`set 10, can be of standard construction, with the sleeve
`11 affixed thereto. The latter is a ?uid-?lled, sealed,
`compressible sleeve af?xed about the grip portion of
`the telephone hand set 11 in appropriate fashion, and
`coupled to a bellows 15 by means ofa ?uid line 16. The
`bellows 15 comprises part of an actuator unit 14 of the
`control unit 12 and is remotely located with respect to
`the telephone hand set 10. In addition, the actuator
`unit 14 can be remotely located with respect to the
`other electrical apparatus forming the control unit 12,
`and can be electrically coupled to the latter by means
`of the electrical conductor wires 23 and 24. This actua
`tor unit 14, as explained more fully below, can be af~
`fixed to the telephone hand set 11, if desired. The elec
`trical apparatus forming the control unit 12 therefore
`can be placed in any convenient location hidden from
`sight, and the actuator unit 14 can be located nearer to
`the telephone hand set 10, thus permitting a shorter
`length of fluid line 13 to be used to couple the sleeve
`11 to the bellows 15. It is preferred that a fluid line 16
`as short as possible be used, since the shorter fluid line
`requires less ?uid to be moved to actuate the bellows
`15 and/or the sleeve 11. The system sensitivity there
`fore is enhanced.
`The sleeve. 11 and its associated bellows 15 are used
`to control a frequency modulated oscillator 25, to gen
`
`50
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`35
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`45
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`55
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`60
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`65
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` Exhibit 1017 Page 4
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`

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`3,780,225
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`20
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`25
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`3
`erate positional information signals which are transmit
`ted over the telephone line 13, together with the voice
`frequency signals, and used to_ actuate the bellows 15
`and sleeve 1 l of another tactile communication device
`coupled to the telephone line, through the medium of
`the telephone central office equipment. These posi
`tional information signals are converted in the control
`unit 12 and used to generate solenoid currents for oper
`ating a solenoid 18 (shown schematically) coupled to
`the bellows 15 to vary the pressure and volume of the
`sleeve 11, to produce a signal detectable by the party
`holding the telephone hand set 10, through the sense'of
`touch.
`To generate the proper and identical solenoid cur
`rents in each control unit 12, two frequency modulated
`signals are used. The two center frequencies for the sig
`.nals are 290 HZ and 2,900 HZ. The intended frequency
`range of each signal is from 10 percent below to 10 per
`cent above the center frequency. The actual frequency
`transmitted at any instant is determined strictly by the
`position of the solenoid plunger 19 which is mechani
`cally linked to a movable slug 28 in a frequency deter
`mining inductor 29 of the frequency modulated oscilla
`tor 25. Different positions of the slug 28 produce differ
`ent values of inductance and hence different frequen
`cies. Compressing the sleeve 11 will force ?uid into the
`bellows 15 which will pull the plunger 19 outward from
`the solenoid 18. The plunger 19 will move the slug in
`such a direction that the oscillator frequency de
`creases.
`the
`The positional information signals generated by
`oscillator 25 pass through an appropriate band pass ?l
`ter which, in the case of the upper frequency band, is
`the band pass ?lter 30 and, in the case of the lower fre
`quency band is the band pass ?lter 31, before being
`coupled to and sent over the telephone line 13. The
`voice signals are passed through two band reject filters
`32 and 33 to prevent voice frequency components from
`interfering with the positional information signals.
`The oscillator 25 for both parties generate positional
`information signals in the upper frequency band, how
`ever, in one of the control units 12 this signal is con
`verted to the lower frequency band by pulsing a fre
`quency divider in the form of a decade counter 35
`whose output is a square wave of exactly one-tenth the
`frequency of its input. Since this square wave output
`passes through the band pass ?lter 31, only the sinusoi
`dal frequency component is coupled to the telephone
`line 13. Other methods could be used to generate the
`low frequency signal, but this method yields an exact
`frequency division factor rather than one subject to
`variations due
`to component tolerances. The decision
`of which party sends at the higher frequency and which
`at the lower frequency is determined automatically by
`means of an electronic switch 36, which, for simplicity,
`is shown as a manually operated switch, when one per
`son initiates a call and the other answers. In the illus
`trated example, the party who initiates or transmits a
`call will send at the higher frequency and the party who
`receives the call will send at a lower frequency.
`In each control unit 12, both the upper and lower fre
`quency band positional information signals are pro
`cessed in the same way. These signals enter an ampli
`tude limiter 38 or 39, depending on the signal band,
`wherein they are first ampli?ed and then clipped to
`generate or produce a ?xed amplitude square wave of
`exactly the same frequency for a wide range of signal
`
`4
`This square wave is coupled to
`strengths at the input.
`a frequency discriminator 40 or 41 which generates an
`output signal whose magnitude varies directly with fre
`quency. Speci?cally, in the illustrated example, the fre
`quency discriminator 40 or 41 generates one ?xed am
`plitude and duration pulse for each cycle of the input
`signal. Thus, as frequency increases, the average DC
`voltage of the train of output pulses increases. The
`pulses for the upper frequency signal are one-tenth as
`wide as the lower frequency pulses but, of course, are
`ten times as many in number. Accordingly, if the upper
`and lower band signals are both at their center frequen
`cies, the DC component of both pulse trains are equal.
`The pulse train outputs from both of the frequency
`discriminators 40 and 41 (representing the pulse train
`outputs from the calling and called stations) are cou
`pled to an error generating circuit 42 which filters out
`a voltage that is proportional to the DC value of the
`sum of these two inputs. A ?xed DC voltage equal to
`the sum when both signals are at their center frequen
`cies is substracted from the actual sum to generate the
`error signal. Accordingly, when both position signals
`actually are
`at their center frequencies, the error is 0.
`The current to drive the solenoid coil 20 is derived by
`simply amplifying, by means of a power ampli?er 43,
`this error signal so, in this case, the solenoid current is
`also 0. If one signal decreases in frequency by some
`percentage,"the same percentage increase signal will
`cause the error to again be 0. But, if the second party
`prevents its frequency from increasing by The same
`
`percentage (by resisting the
`motion of his sleeve 11),
`then an error signal will occur whose magnitude is pro
`portional to the difference between the percentage
`change that should occur and the percentage change
`allowed to occur. The error can be brought to 0 either
`by the ?rst party relaxing his grip on the sleeve 11 to
`reduce the required percentage change, or by the sec
`ond party relaxing his grip on the sleeve 11 and so al
`lowing the required percentage change to occur.
`Referring now to FIG. 2 and FlG. 3, an alternate con
`struction for the responsive grip telephone attachment
`is illustrated, and it can be seen that the same includes
`a pair of mounting brackets 45 and 46 for removably
`af?xing it to the telephone hand set 10. The solenoid
`18, in this case, is af?xed to the telephone hand set 10,
`and is supported thereon by means of a support bracket
`44 af?xed to the mounting bracket 46. The sleeve 11
`is replaced by means of spring wires 47 which are af
`?xed at their one end to the mounting bracket 45 and
`at their other end to a slide 48. The slide 48 is slidably
`supported by means of shafts 49 extending through the
`mounting bracket 46 and af?xed to an actuating plate
`50. The plunger 19 of the solenoid 18 is af?xed to the
`actuating plate 50. The power ampli?er 43 is coupled
`to the solenoid 18, via the electrical conductor wires
`24. The plunger 19 of the solenoid 18 again is me
`chananically linked to the movable slug 28 (not shown)
`in the frequency determining inductor 29 (not shown)
`of the frequency modulated oscillator 25.
`The operation of this pressure grip telephone attach
`ment is the same as that described above, however, in
`this case, the spring wires 47 when squeezed exert a
`force on the slide 48 to move the latter, which force is
`coupled to the actuator plate 50 and hence the plunger
`19 of the solenoid 18. Conversely, upon energizing the
`solenoid 18, its plunger 19 transmits the pressure to the
`actuator plate 50, the slide 48 and the wires 47, to pro
`
`30
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`35
`
`40
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`45
`
`50
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`55
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`60
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`65
`
` Exhibit 1017 Page 5
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`

`
`5
`vide pressure variations, in the manner described
`above.
`In addition to the above-disclosed methods for pro
`ducing the pressure and volume variations, other meth
`ods can be used. For example, the system can be re
`tained, and the position to frequency conversion can be
`accomplished using a variable resistor which causes a
`voltage change which, in turn, would determine the fre
`quency of a voltage controlled oscillator. A variable ca
`pacitor also can be used. The use of the pressure sleeve
`1 1, however, is preferred, because of the advantages in
`simplicity: freedom from friction, backlash, and other
`mechanical functions; and sensitivity appropriate to the
`requirements. The selection of 290 and 2,900 HZ for
`the center frequencies of the positional information sig
`nals is made for ease of isolating the tones and voice
`frequencies, yet keeping all electrical signals within as
`sured transmission bands of conventional systems. The
`percentage modulation (or frequency deviation) is se
`lected to provide the most efficient type of operation,
`in that a very narrow deviation places more stringent
`requirements on sensitivity and stability of the detec
`tion circuits. A very wide deviation, on the other hand,
`would tend to spread into frequencies desired for voice
`information or into frequencies where
`telephone line
`transmission is poor.
`Also, the frequency discriminators 40 and 41 can be
`a tuned discriminator of the inductive-capacitance type
`used typically in PM receivers. However, for the low
`frequencies used here, the pulse or digital discriminator
`has advantages in size of components, cost and sensitiv
`ity. Furthermore, the selection of direction of fre
`quency change with position is one of convenience. All
`directions could be reversed and the system would
`function identically.
`From the above description, it can be seen that a tac
`tile communication device which can be easily and
`quickly connected in any two-way communication sys
`tem, such as a telephone, is provided which will permit
`two parties to have a method of tactile communication
`in addition to or instead of audible communication.
`It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above,
`among those made apparent from the preceding de
`scription, are efficiently attained and certain changes
`may be made in carrying out the above method and in
`the construction set forth. Accordingly, it is intended
`that all matter contained in the above description or
`shown in the accompanying drawings shall be inter
`preted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
`Now that the invention has been described, what is
`claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters
`Patent is:
`l. A tactile communication device which when used
`in pairs and coupled into a two-way communication
`system permits tactile communication between two sta
`tions via said communication system comprising, in
`combination: pressure grip means; and a control unit
`coupled to said pressure grip means and into said com
`munication system, said control unit comprising posi
`tional information signal generating means having an
`output frequency coupled into said communication sys
`tem for generating positional information signals, said
`positional information signal generating means being
`operated by said pressure grip means and the output
`frequency thereof being varied in accordance with the
`pressure exerted by a person at said station on said
`pressure grip means; position summing means operated
`
`40
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`3,780,225
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`6
`by said pressure grip means; ?rst and second frequency
`discriminator means for receiving positional informa
`tion signals from another station in said communication
`system and from said positional information signal gen
`erating means respectively and providing an output sig
`nal whose magnitude varies directly with frequency,
`the output signals of said first and second frequency
`discriminating means both being coupled to said posi
`tion summing means and the latter providing an output
`‘ signal whose magnitude is proportional to the differ
`ence between said two positional information signals to
`thereby increase or decrease the pressure of said pres
`sure grip means.
`2. The tactile communication device of claim 1,
`wherein said pressure grip means comprises a ?uid
`filled compressible member.
`3. The tactile communication device of claim 1,
`wherein said control unit comprises an actuator unit
`including a solenoid having a plunger, a bellows affixed
`to said plunger and coupled to said pressure grip
`means, said pressure grip means comprising a fluid
`?lled compressible member, said
`positional informa
`tion signal generating means comprising a frequency
`modulated oscillator including a frequency determin
`ing inductor having a movable slug affixed to said
`plunger, whereby said movable slug is moved by said
`plunger when pressure is exerted upon said ?uid-?lled
`compressible member to vary the frequency of said fre
`quency modulated oscillator.
`4. The tactile communication device of claim 1,
`wherein said positional information signal generating
`means generates positional information signals in a
`high or a low frequency band depending upon which of
`said two stations initiates a call, the output frequency
`thereof in said high and low frequency bands being var
`ied in accordance with the pressure exerted by a person
`on said pressure grip means.
`5. The tactile communication device of claim 1,
`wherein said positional information signal generating
`means comprises a frequency modulated oscillator hav
`ing a center frequency, said pressure grip means being
`operable to vary the frequency range of the output sig
`nal comprising said positional information signals
`within an established percentage range below and
`above said center frequency to provide said high fre
`quency band.
`6. The tactile communication device of claim 5,
`wherein said positional information signal generating
`means further comprises frequency divider means
`adapted to be coupled to said frequency modulated os
`cillator to provide instead of said high frequency band
`a low frequency band having a center frequency,
`whereby said pressure grip means is operable to vary
`said low frequency band within an established range
`below and above said center frequency.
`7. The tactile communication system of claim 6,
`wherein said frequency modulated oscillator comprises
`a frequency determined inductor having a movable slug
`for varying the output frequency thereof, and wherein
`said pressure grip means is coupled to and operable to
`move said slug, to thereby cause said frequency modu
`lated oscillator to generate an output signal propor
`tional to the pressure exerted on said pressure grip
`means.
`8. The tactile communication device of claim 7,
`wherein said control unit comprises an actuator unit
`including a solenoid having a plunger, a bellows affixed
`
` Exhibit 1017 Page 6
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`

`
`3,780,225
`
`7
`to said plunger and coupled to said pressure grip
`means, said pressure grip means comprising a fluid
`?lled compressible member operable upon having pres
`sure exerted thereto to operate said bellows to move
`said plunger, said movable slug being coupled to said
`plunger and moved thereby to vary the frequency of
`said frequency modulated oscillator.
`9. The tactile communication device of claim 8,
`wherein said position summing means is coupled to and
`operable to operate said solenoid to move said plunger.
`10. The tactile communication device of claim 1,
`wherein said two-way communication system com
`prises a telephone system including a telephone line
`and a telephone at each of said stations, and wherein
`said control unit further includes band pass ?lter means
`coupled between the output of said positional informa
`tion signal generating means and said telephone line,
`and band reject filter means coupled between said tele
`phone line and said telephone, whereby voice signal
`frequency components are prevented from interfering
`with said positional information signals.
`11. The tactile communication device of claim 1,
`
`5
`
`15
`
`8
`wherein. said pressure grip means comprises spring
`means coupled to a slide actuator for moving said slide
`actuator in accordance with the pressure exerted on
`said spring means, the movement of said slide actuator
`being coupled to said positional information signal gen
`erating means and operating the latter to vary the out
`put frequency thereof.
`12. The tactile communication device of claim 11,
`wherein said positional information signal generating
`means comprises a frequency modulated oscillator in
`cluding a frequency determining inductor having a
`movable slug for varying the frequency of said oscilla
`tor, a solenoid having a plunger having one end thereof
`coupled to said slide actuator and the other end thereof
`coupled to said movable slug, whereby pressure ex
`erted on said spring means is operable to vary the fre
`quency of said oscillator.
`13. The tactile communication device of claim 12,
`wherein said position summing means is coupled to and
`operable to operate said solenoid to move said plunger.
`>|<
`*
`*
`>1:
`>|=
`
`25
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`55
`
`65
`
` Exhibit 1017 Page 7