SL Corp. Exhibit 1023
`
`

`
`The
`_
`_
`Amgrlcan .
`Her1tage® D1ct1onary
`of the English Language
`
`FOURTH EDITION
`
`
`
`/_"‘ HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
`N Boston New York
`
`

`
`Words are included in this Dictionary on the basis of their usage.
`Words that are known to have current trademark registrations are
`shown with an initial capital and are also identified as trademarks. No
`investigation has been made of common-law trademark rights in any
`word, because such investigation is impracticable. The inclusion of any
`word in this Dictionary is not, however, an expression of the
`Publisher’s opinion as to whether or not it is subject to proprietary
`rights. Indeed, no definition in this Dictionary is to be regarded as
`affecting the validity of any trademark.
`
`American Heritage® and the eagle logo are registered trademarks of
`Forbes Inc. Their use is pursuant to a license agreement with
`Forbes Inc.
`
`Copyright © 2006, 2000 Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
`
`No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
`by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
`recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without
`the prior written permission of Houghton Mifflin Company unless
`such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law. Address
`inquiries to Reference Permissions, Houghton Mifflin Company,
`222 Berkeley Street, Boston, MA 02116.
`
`ISBIJ-13:978-0-618-70172-8
`ISBIJ—10:0-618-70172-9
`
`ISBN-13: 978-0-618-70173-5 (hardcover with CD-ROM)
`ISBN-10: 0-618-70173-7 (hardcover with CD-ROM)
`
`Visit our websites: www.houghtonmifflinbooks.com
`or www.ahdictionary.com
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in—Publication Data
`
`The American Heritage dictionary of the English language.—4th ed.
`p.
`cm
`
`ISBN 0-395-82517-2 (hardcover) -—- ISBN 0-618-08230-1
`(hardcover with CD ROM)
`1. English language—Dictionaries
`PE1628 .A623 2000
`423—dC21
`
`00-025369
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`

`
`
`
`con-va-lesce (kon’v9—les’) intnu -lesced, -lesc-ing, -‘ewe;
`return to health and strength after illness; recuperate. [Late Middle
`lish convalesshe, from Latin convalescere : com—, intensive pref; 535 Co
`+ valéscere, to grow strong, inchoative of valére, to be strong; 555 ‘Na
`Appendix 1.]
`con-va-Ies-cence (kon’va—lés’9ns) n. 1. Gradual return I0
`and strength after illness. 2. The period needed for returning ‘(O
`after illness. —-con’va-Ieslcent adj. 8: n.
`’”’'71 M7‘
`conovect (1<sn—vekt’)
`v. -vect-ed, -vect-ing, —vects
`transfer (heat) by convection. ——-intr. To undergo convection: WW
`convecting upward. [Back-formation from CONVECTION]
`.
`rlliiU. ,
`con-vec-tion (kan-vék/shan) n. 1. The act or process of Convey!
`transmission. 2. Physics a. Heat transfer in a gas or liquid bY_ the C
`.
`0
`lation of currents from one region to another. b. Fluid motion “heat
`by an external force such as gravity. 3. Meteorology The transfer t
`03-
`or other atmospheric properties by massive motion within the avegjiiv
`phere, especially by such motion directed upward. [Late Latin 5"" em-
`convectién-, from convectus, past participle of convehere, to ca1’1'Yt°endiX
`er : Latin com—, com— + Latin vehere, to carry; see wegh- in Apijvealll.
`1.] —con-vec/tion-al adj. —-con-vecltive adj. ——-con°V€Cm
`'
`adv.
`[drill ’
`
`convection oven 11. An oven having a fan that shortens 500
`time by circulating hot air uniformly around the food.
`dsgr’
`con-vec-tor (kan—vek’tsr) n. A partly enclosed, directly heate
`I,
`face from which warm air circulates by convection.
`,
`con-vene (kan—vén’)
`v. -venecl, -ven-ing, -venes /"fllj
`come together usually for an official or public purpose; assemble (:
`ly. —tr. 1. To cause to come together formally; convoke: convene 1/] ear’
`session of Congress. See synonyms at call. 2. To summon to 3??
`
`V‘,
`
`second syllable. And half of those Panelists who pronounce co
`like controller indicated that they also consider the spelling pm mloljb
`tions acceptable.
`mind,‘
`
`,
`
`conotrol-ling interest (ken—tro/ling) n. Ownership of a\
`cient number of shares of stock in a company to control compan “Iii;
`control rocket n. A Vernier rocket or similar missile used to p°llty_
`the altitude or trajectory of a rocket or spacecraft.
`‘hinge
`control stick n. A lever used to control the motion of a
`n airq-am‘).
`changing the angle of the elevators and ailerons.
`control surface it. A movable airfoil, especially a rudder ail
`or elevator, used to control or guide an aircraft, guided missile, 6,.
`control system n. A mechanical, optical, or electronic syste C
`is used to maintain a desired output,
`ml at
`control tower n. A tower at an airfield from which air 11-aff} "
`controlled by radio and observed physically and by radar.
`‘Cir
`conotro-ver-sial (k6n'tra-varlshsl, —sé-al) adj. 1. Of, prod“.
`'
`or marked by controversy: a controversial movie; a controversial smngllgj
`human rights. 2. Fond of controversy; disputatious. ——con’tro.ve"’".
`sial-ist n. —con’troover’sioa|Iicty (-she—alIi—te, -se—) n. ‘(OM "2
`verisial-ly adv.
`*°'.
`conotroover-sy (l<6nI4;ra—vfir’sé) n., pl. -sies 1. Adispute,eSPec'i
`'
`ly a public one, between sides holding opposing views. See synonyma
`argument. 2. The act or practice of engaging in such disputes: W"-,9,
`skilled at controversy. [Middle English controversie, from Latin contra '3
`sia, from contréversus, disputed 2 contr6- (variant of contra, contra.
`versus, past participle of vertere, to turn; see wer-2 in Appendix 1,]
`con-tro-vert (k6n’tr9—vfirt’, kon'tra-vurtf) tr.v. -vert-ed, .V¢,
`ing, -verts To raise arguments against; voice opposition to. [Fromm
`TROVERSY.] —con’tro-vertii-ble adj.
`*
`OU‘E‘=15».-.E~< E-'9.o
`con-tu-ma-cious (k6n’t9—ma’shas, -tya—) adj.
`dient or
`rebellious;
`insubordinate. ——con’tu-ma’ciouso|y
`-—con’tu-ma/cious-ness n.
`'
`con-tu-ma-cy (k6nIto'o-me-se, -tyo‘o-)
`rt.; pl. —cies Obstin
`contemptuous resistance to authority; stubborn rebelliousness. [Mid
`English contumacie, from Latin contumoicia, from contumax, contum:
`inso1ent.]
`-Ii
`n., pl.
`con-tuome-ly (kénlnro-ma-le, —tyo’o—, -tam-lé)
`Rudeness or contempt arising from arrogance; insolence. 2. An inso
`or arrogant remark or act. [Middle English contumelie, from Old F
`from Latin contumélia; akin to contumax, insolent.] —con’tu'me
`ous (l<on’ta-melle-as) adj. —-con’tu-meiii-ous-ly adv.
`con-tuse (ken-to“oz/, -tydoz’)
`tr.v. -tused, -tus-ing, -tus-
`injure without breaking the skin; bruise. [Middle English contusen,
`Latin contundere, contus-, to beat : com—, intensive pref.; see COM—
`dare, to beat.]
`con-tu-sion (ken-tcfi)’zh9n, -tyo‘o’—) n. An injury in which th
`is not broken; a bruise.
`co-nun-drum (ks-nunldrem) n. 1. A riddle in which a fa
`question is answered by a pun. 2. A paradoxical, insoluble, or di
`problem; a dilemma: “the conundrum, thus far unanswered, of ach
`full employment without inflation” (Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.). l
`unknown.]
`n. A predominantly “T.
`con-ur-ba-tion (k5n’ar-baishsn)
`region including adjacent towns and suburbs; a metropolitan area. i
`+ Latin urhs, city + ——ATION.]
`co-nus ar-te-ri-o-sus (k6’nas at-tir’é—6’s9s) n., pl. com
`te-ri-o-si (kolnr ar—tir’e—6’si, ké’né at-tir’é—('J’sé) 1. A conical ext
`sion of the right ventricle in the heart of mammals, from which the?
`monary artery originates. 2. An extension of the ventricle in the if?
`of amphibians and certain fish. [New Latin conus artériésus 2 Latin 5””
`cone + Medieval Latin artériosus, arterial.]
`Conv. abbr. Conventual
`
`j
`
`6
`
`;
`
`V
`
`contretemps ] convene
`
`con-treotemps (k6n'tre—taN’, k6N'tra-tan!) n., pl. contretemps
`(-taxsrz’, -téiNz') An unforeseen event that disrupts the normal course of
`things; an inopportune occurrence. [French : contre-, against (from Latin
`contra—; see CONTRA—) + temps, time (from Latin tempus).]
`con-triboute (ken-trib/yo‘ot)
`v. -ut-ed, -utoing, -utes —tr. 1.
`To give or supply in common with others; give to a common fund or for
`a common purpose. 2. To submit for publication: contributed two stories
`to the summer issue.
`intr. 1. To make a contribution: contributes to
`several charities. 2. To help bring about a result; act as a factor: Exercise
`contributes to better health. 3. To submit material for publication. [Latin
`contribuere, contribzit-, to bring together : com~, com— + tribuere, to grant;
`see TRIBUTE] —con-trib/u-tive adj. —con-triblu-tive-Iy adv.
`—con-trib’u-tive-ness n. —--con-tribfu-tor n.
`con-tri-bu-tion (kon'tri-byo‘oIshan) n. 1. The act of contributing.
`2. Something contributed. 3. A payment exacted for a special purpose;
`an impost or a levy. 4. An article or other work submitted for publica-
`tron.
`
`con-trib-u-to-ry (ken-trib’ya—t6r’e, -tr‘Jr’é) adj. 1. Of, relating to,
`or involving contribution. 2. Helping to bring about a result. 3. Subject
`to an impost or levy.
`‘Zr n., pl. -ries One that contributes.
`con-trite (ken-trit/, kén/trit’) adj. 1. Feeling regret and sorrow for
`one’s sins or offenses; penitent. 2. Arising from or expressing contrition:
`contrite words. [Middle English contrit, from Latin contritus, past parti-
`ciple of conterere, to crush 2 com—, corn- + terere, to grind; see tere-‘ in
`Appendix 1.] --con-trite’|y adv. —con°trite’ness n.
`con-tri°tion (ken-trish/an) n. Sincere remorse for wrongdoing; re-
`pentance. See synonyms at penitence.
`con-trivoance (ken-trilvans) 11. 1a. The act of contriving. b. The
`state of being contrived. 2. Something contrived, as a mechanical device
`or a clever plan.
`v. -trived, -triv-ing, -trives —tr. 1. To plan
`con-trive (l<9n—triv’)
`with cleverness or ingenuity; devise: contrive ways to amuse the children.
`2. To invent or fabricate, especially by improvisation: contrived a swing
`from hanging vines. 3. To plan with evil intent; scheme: contrived a plot
`to seize power. 4. To bring about, as by scheming; manage: somehow con-
`trived to get past the guards unnoticed. —intr. To form plans or schemes.
`[Middle English contreven, from Old French controver, contreuv-, from
`Medieval Latin contropare, to compare : Latin com—, com— + Latin tropus,
`turn, manner, style (from Greek tropos; see trep- in Appendix 1).]
`——~con-trivfer n.
`con-trived (ken-trivd/) adj. Obviously planned or calculated; not
`spontaneous or natural; labored: a novel with a contrived ending. »--con-
`trivled-ly (—tri'vid—lé, -trivd'lé) adv.
`convtrol (kan—tr6l’)
`tr.v. -trolled, —tro|-ling, -trols 1. To exercise
`authoritative or dominating influence over; direct. See synonyms at c0n~
`duct. 2. To adjust to a requirement; regulate: controlled trading on the
`stock market; controls the flow of water. 3. To hold in restraint; check:
`struggled to control my temper. 4. To reduce or prevent the spread of:
`control insects; controlled the fire by dousing it with water. 5a. To verify
`or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experiment
`or by comparing with another standard. b. To verify (an account, for
`example) by using a duplicate register for comparison. r:~ n. 1. Authority
`or ability to manage or direct: lost control of the skidding car; the leaders
`in control of the country. 2a. One that controls; a controlling agent, de-
`vice, or organization. b. An instrument or set of instruments used to op-
`erate, regulate, or guide a machine or vehicle. Often used in the plural.
`3. A restraining device, measure, or limit; a curb: a control on prices; price
`controls. 4a. A standard of comparison for checking or verifying the re-
`sults of an experiment. b. An individual or group used as a standard of
`Comparison in a control experiment. 5. An intelligence agent who su-
`pervises or instructs another agent. 6. A spirit presumed to speak or act
`through a medium.
`[Middle English controllen, from Anglo—Norman
`contreroller, from Medieval Latin contrarotulare, to check by duplicate
`register, from contrarotulus, duplicate register : Latin contra—, contra— +
`Latin rotulus, roll, diminutive of rota, wheel; see ret- in Appendix 1.]
`—con-tro|’|a-bil/i-ty n. ——con-trollla-ble adj. —con-trolila-bly
`adv.
`
`control experiment n. An experiment that isolates the effect of
`one variable on a system by holding constant all variables but the one
`under observation.
`control freak Slang n. One who has an obsessive need to exert con-
`trol over people and situations.
`control key n. Abbr. ctrl A key on a computer keyboard that is
`pressed in combination with another key to activate a command.
`con -trolled substance (ken-troldl) n. A drug or chemical sub-
`stance whose possession and use are regulated under the Controlled Sub-
`stances Act.
`
`conotrol-ier (kan—tro'lar) n. 1. One that controls: a controller, not
`an observer of events. 2. also compotroioler (l<an~tré’lar, k6mp—tro/~,
`komp/tro’ -) An officer who audits accounts and supervises the financial
`affairs of a corporation or of a governmental body. 3. A regulating
`mechanism, as in a vehicle or electric device. —con-tro|'ler-ship’ n.
`
`Usage Note In the 15th century, the word controller developed the al-
`ternate spelling comptroller as a result of an association between the first
`part of the word, cont, and the etymologically unrelated word count and
`its variant compt. Although the historical pronunciation of comptroller
`would be the same as for controller, evidence suggests that the spelling
`pronunciations (komp—tr<‘)’lar) and (kompltrifllar) may now be used by
`a majority of speakers. In a recent survey, 43 percent of the Usage Panel
`indicated that they pronounce comptroller like controller, while 57 percent
`pronounce it with mp, as it is spelled, with stress on either the first or
`
`
`
`
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`control tower
`
`warm air
`
`
`
`convection
`Air heated by a space heater
`rises and is replaced by cool
`311'. creating a convection
`current that circulates hot air
`throughout a room.
`
`
`
`400