`
`PAPER SERIES
`
`982901
`
`E
`
`"The Network Vehicle - A Glimpse into
`the Future of Mobile Multi-Media"
`
`R.Lind
`
`Delphi Delco Electronics Systems
`
`R. Schumacher
`
`Delphi Delco Electronics Systems
`
`R. Reger
`Delphi Delco Electronics Systems
`
`R. Olney
`Delphi Delco Electronics Systems
`
`H. Yen
`
`Delphi Delco Electronics Systems
`
`Delphi Delco Electronics Systems
`
`M. Laur
`
`R. Freeman
`
`IBM Corporation
`
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`
`VII International Mobility Technology
`Conference 3. Exhibit
`Sao Paulo, Brazil
`November 9 to 11, 1998
`
`AV. PAULISTA, 2073 - HORSA II - CJ. 2001 - CEP 01311-940 - S110 PAULO - SP
`VWGoA- Ex. 1014
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`Volkswagen Group of America, lnc., Petitioner
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`2
`
`
`
`“The Network Vehicle — A Glimpse into the Future of
`
`Mobile Multi—Media”
`
`982901
`
`R. Lind, R. Schumacher, R. Reger, R. Olney, H. Yen and M. Laur
`Delphi Delco Electronics Systems
`
`R. Freeman
`IBM Corporation
`
`Copyright © 1998 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`The Network Vehicle is the Delphi Automotive
`Systems‘ vision for the future convergence of the
`communications infrastructure. computers. and the
`automobile.
`It features many advanced functions
`such as:
`satellite video,
`Internet access, virtual
`navigation. remote vehicle diagnostics and control,
`games, mobile office, automotive web site, and
`customized rea|—time stock quotes and sports scores.
`These features are enabled by an integrated planar
`antenna that is capable of multiple satellite reception.
`a c|ient~server network architecture, and unique
`human-vehicle-interfaces. The software application
`is written
`in
`Java,
`using APl’s
`(Application
`Programming Interfaces) to reduce the complexity
`and cost of the source code.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`new technology
`a
`The Network Vehicle.
`initiative by Delphi Delco Electronics Systems and its
`partners (IBM, Netscape Communications. and Sun
`tvlicrosystems) is aimed at offering more productivity
`tools, convenience,
`safety, and entertainment
`to
`millions of commuters who spend hours each day
`cruising the roads or stuck in traffic.
`It is designed to
`demonstrate what technologies and software can do
`for the vehicle of the future. The Network Vehicle,
`pictured in Figure 1, made its debut at COMDEX '97
`and has since been all over the world appearing in
`demos,
`conferences,
`and
`technology
`shows,
`including SAE Congress '98, and CeBit ‘Q8.
`
`SYSTEM OVERVIEW
`
`The Network Vehicle was created by integrating
`existing
`hardware
`and
`software
`technologies
`including voice recognition, wireless communications,
`
`global positioning via satellite, head-up displays,
`JavaT'“‘
`technology, microprocessors. Web access.
`and other
`lnternetlintranet
`features.
`The voice
`
`and
`drivers
`allows
`technology
`recognition
`passengers to verbally request and listen to e-mail
`messages being read out loud. locate a restaurant or
`hotel, ask for navigation help or for specific music or
`sports scores, and use voice-activated telephone
`services,
`all clone safely without
`interfering with
`driving. Drivers can use a head-up display projected
`through the windshield to navigate to their destination
`or check vehicle functions without taking their eyes
`off the road.
`
`
`
`Figure 1. The Network Vehicle
`
`to
`terminals next
`Passengers using individual
`their seats can do even more,
`including interacting
`with the Internet, watching television or playing
`games. Existing services that could be integrated
`include theft deterrent technologies and. emergency
`services. These "smart" features are enabled mainly
`because of the real—time data—streaming capabilities
`over a wireless network. The Network Vehicle also
`
`3
`
`
`
`recognition software, mobile media link (high-speed
`fiber optic data bus),
`reconfigurable HUD. high-
`bandwidth communications that connect the vehicle
`with the outside world. and a suite of automotive
`computer software. These elements are described
`below.
`
`Figure 3. Off-Board Network Architecture
`
`_
`DiIucT\i|'
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`
`
`Provider
`
`Speech Reconition and Text-to-Speech System -
`IBM has modified its advanced speech recognition
`and text-to—speech system. ViaVoiceT"‘,
`for
`the
`automotive environment. Viavoice allows the driver
`
`to access virtually all the vehicle's features through
`voice commands and enables the vehicle to talk back
`
`using synthesized speech. The driver can: execute
`vehicle system commands such as lock doors, play
`CD,
`and change
`radio
`station,
`request
`travel
`directions and traffic updates from the Web or other
`sources. check e-mail and voicemail. request news.
`stock
`information
`and
`sports.
`The
`speech
`recognition system can understand most drivers
`instantly, with no system training required. and it has
`been tuned to offer optimal performance even in a
`potentially noisy vehicle environment.
`
`Driver and Center Console Displays - The Network
`Vehicle is equipped with three displays for the driver:
`the head-down display (HDD).
`the head-up display
`(HUD). and the center console display. The HDD
`system displays standard graphics for an instrument
`panel: road speed. engine speed. engine status. door
`locklajar, and fuel level.
`It also displays the functions
`for the steering wheel buttons.
`For examp|e.the
`same button can be "change track" for CD mode or
`"tune up" for radio mode. The HUD projects an
`virtual
`image through the windshield that gives
`information to drivers without requiring them to take
`their eyes off the road.
`It displays road speed.
`engine status. waiting e-mail
`indication, navigation
`information, microphone onfoff. and a text message
`area for giving feedback to the driver.
`
`4
`
`phone; Netscape
`cellular
`integrated
`an
`has
`Communicator software for Web browsing and e-
`mail; a removable personal digital assistant (PDA)
`and docking station; and a vehicle web site which
`provides
`driver
`support
`for
`a wide
`array
`of
`customized capabilities such as enabling remote
`monitoring and control
`of vehicle
`systems
`in
`emergency situations.
`
`Onboard
`
`And
`
`Off-Board
`
`Communications
`
`Networks - The key to the functions of the Network
`Vehicle is its ability to communicate efficiently both
`onboard and off-board of the vehicle.
`Figure 2
`depicts the on board network architecture.
`
`
`
`Alrtpllflnrsfspedtars
`
`Figure 2. On Board Network Architecture
`
`At the heart of the onboard system is a network
`computer that links up a number of sub-networks,
`including a Class II bus (for engine, head-up and
`head-down displays, door lock and door actuator,
`RFID. and cell phone.
`etc.),
`an Ethernet
`(for
`passenger computers and displays), and a mobile
`media link (for speakers and CD players}. Since the
`subnetworks
`all have different clock speed and
`functionality, gateways are used to ensure proper
`isolation and harmonious operations.
`
`The off-board network is shown in Figure 3.
`The high bandwidth requirement
`for on-demand
`audio and video functions was fulfilled with DirecPC
`and DirecTV satellite links.
`A wireless modem
`
`provides the uplink out of the vehicle directly to
`Internet service providers. The downlink return path
`from the Internet to the Network Vehicle can come
`
`through either the satellite (higher speed). or through
`the wireless modem (lower speed). The downlink
`satellites video and data signals are picked up by the
`Network Vehicle's roof-mounted antenna.
`
`TECHNOLOGIES
`KEY
`COMPONENTS
`
`AND
`
`SYSTEM
`
`The key technologies and system components
`behind the Network Vehicle are advanced speech
`
`
`
` Radiatinglcoupling Stub
`
`I —>">
`P
`ropagat ng
`Plane-Wave
`T’
`
`Parallel-Plate Region
`
`Figure 5. CTS Antenna Cross Section
`
`As a receiving antenna, the induced longitudinal
`current components in the parallel plate structure are
`interrupted by the transverse-oriented stubs and
`excite propagating waves
`in
`the
`parallel-plate
`structure.
`This simple architecture allows for a
`complex two—dimensional planar array to be realized
`as an "extrusion" of a one-dimensional
`(constant
`cross-section) geometry.
`This has the effect of
`replacing a conventional "NxN=N"' element structure
`(of discrete radiators, couplers, etc.) with a less
`complex
`“mono|ithic"
`array
`comprised
`of
`“N'
`integrated coupler/radiator features. The simple "tee"
`cross-section of the integrated CTS coupler/radiator
`forms an inherently low-"Q" (non-resonant) element
`which exhibits significant advantages (as compared
`to slot or patch radiators) in terms of wide—ang|e
`scanning capability, polarization purity, bandwidth,
`and dimensional insensitivity.
`
`Customer Application Web Site - The driver and
`passengers of
`the Network Vehicle
`can take
`advantage
`of
`Internet
`services
`provided
`by
`automotive-oriented
`|SPs
`(Internet
`Service
`Providers). The customer service site developed for
`the Network Vehicle showcases the types of features
`that could be offered when intelligent vehicle systems
`are connected to the Internet.
`
`Because the Network Vehicle's systems are
`accessible via its command and control application,
`which also has secure access to the Internet. many
`scenarios are possible. Functions like parking lights
`and door
`locks on the Network Vehicle can be
`
`and
`safety
`providing
`remotely.
`controlled
`convenience. Under voice control of the driver, the
`Network Vehicle can upload vehicle status according
`to a profile set up in advance.
`An application
`monitors the diagnostic information available from
`components in the engine compartment. Should the
`diagnostics
`indicate that
`the latest
`reading from
`engine sensors falls outside a normal
`range,
`the
`application can notify the customer service Web site,
`where the severity of the reading can be determined.
`According to this determination, the control on the
`Network Vehicle could be used by the service
`
`5
`
`(coupled) E_He]d
`—>—>—> —>
`
`
`
`
`
`The center conso|e's touch-screen LCD serves
`
`as a user interface for controlling nearly all of the
`Network
`Vehicle's
`functions
`(entertainment,
`navigation,
`office,
`and information). When in
`entertainment mode, the display is configured as a
`radio- or CD-style faceplate whose buttons and
`controls are activated by touch.
`This display is
`reconfigured to display e-mail, navigation maps, Web
`browser, cellular phone faceplate (shown in Figure
`4), and more. Voiceactivated commands can be
`used with all of the center console functions and, in
`some cases, is combined with text-tdspeech input to
`minimize driver distraction.
`
`lnunnnuun
`' Autuncu
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`'é:Ja..aL?.lLaL.jJ
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`
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`
`IBM 951
`
`SUNW H 71
`
`Figure 4. Cellular Phone Faceplate Display
`
`Passenger Displays - The Network Vehicle
`has color LCD touch panels for the back—seat and
`front-seat passengers. As with the center console
`display,
`the passenger displays
`serve as user
`interfaces for controlling nearly all of the functions on
`the Network Vehicle.
`Unlike the center console
`
`display, however, the passenger displays can show
`video from DirecTV or DVD players. and they allow
`touch-screen access to entertainment, navigation,
`office. and information. When in entertainment
`mode, the display is configured as a radio- or CD-
`style faceplate with touch-activated buttons and
`controls.
`
`Planar Satellite Antenna - The antenna technology
`used in the Network Vehicle is
`the Continuous
`
`is chosen because
`It
`Transverse Stub (CTS) array.
`of its simplicity, planar construction, and potential for
`being an inexpensive product. Figure 5 shows the
`cross sectional view of a typical CTS antenna,
`realized as an array of broad continuous transverse
`radiating stubs, finite in height, extending from the
`upper conductive plate of an open parallel-plate
`transmission-line structure.
`
`
`
`representative to alert the driver; the alert could be
`done using text-to-speech and head-up display, and
`then features of the application, e-mail, and office
`could be used to arrange a service appointment.
`
`Internet
`take advantage of
`features
`Other
`service providers‘ ability to communicate with the
`Network Vehicle.
`Trip plans created by vehicle
`owners or concierge services can be stored at the
`Internet
`service provider.
`By accessing global
`positioning satellite (GPS) data directly from the
`vehicle, the driver and passengers can obtain maps,
`route
`guidance,
`fuel.
`lodging,
`and
`restaurant
`information while traveling. Owners of the Network
`Vehicle can also use their Web browser to set up a
`profile.
`including preferences
`like
`radio stations,
`personalized audio content,
`service records, and
`emergency service numbers.
`
`Personal Digital Assistant Docking - An important
`role of
`the Network Vehicle
`is providing office
`functions to mobile users, using the same data the
`users have in their office desktop computers. This
`function
`is mainly
`provided
`through
`vehicle
`applications,
`Internet connectivity, and advanced,
`voice-based user interfaces.
`It is important for the
`Network Vehicle to access and synchronize personal
`and business data with PDAs, which is becoming
`increasingly important
`in our mobile, connected
`world.
`
`A slot built
`
`into the center console of
`
`the
`
`Network Vehicle accepts the IBM WorkPad""" and
`uses the Network Vehicle's computer to add speech
`recognition and text-to-speech functions.
`This
`enables the driver
`to listen to schedules and to
`
`update files and other office data stored in the
`WorkPad. So the driver could, for example, issue a
`voice command to read calendar entries from the
`
`WorkPad or dictate a to-do list while driving. As PDA
`and smart card technology advances, the Network
`Vehicle's PDA integration could support the use of
`PDA-type devices for
`the secure transport and
`access
`of
`personal,
`financial,
`and
`business
`information as people move from one network access
`point to another.
`
`Automotive Computer Software - Virtual machine-
`based, object-oriented technologies were applied to
`the Network Vehicle's development because they
`support
`the special
`requirements posed by the
`vehicle. Smalltalk, a well-proven, advanced, object-
`oriented
`environment
`and
`the
`latest
`Java”
`
`technologies were chosen to develop the Network
`Vehicle's software. Some of the software developed
`are described below.
`
`A command and control application written in
`Smalltalk,
`interfaces to the car's control buses and
`
`electronics. This application, running on the vehicle's
`main processor and buses, monitors vehicle status,
`controls devices such as cell phone and microphone,
`supplies driver
`information via head-up display,
`manages off-vehicle information flow, and controls
`vehicle software, such as the voice recognition and
`various convenience passenger applications. This
`application coordinates with the voice recognition, the
`head-up display, and the touch screen to provide
`feedback and control of the various systems, helping
`to keep the driver's eyes on the road. For driver
`convenience
`and
`safety,
`this
`application
`also
`interfaces via the Internet
`to a customer service
`
`the vehicle
`provider, who can remotely monitor
`status, unlock doors, turn on exterior lighting, etc.
`
`Graphical user interfaces for Network Vehicle's
`center
`console
`and
`passenger displays were
`developed with Java to provide access to various in-
`vehicle
`and
`off-vehicle
`applications,
`such
`as
`navigation, audiofvideo entertainment, and office. An
`Internet
`server application was developed with
`VisualAge® for Java to provide communication
`between Internet-based customer applications and
`the vehicle systems. These applications support a
`message-based protocol communicating through the
`Internet
`to the in-vehicle command and control
`
`application, which in turn interfaces to the vehicle
`systems and the user interface application.
`Java
`applets were also developed for the customer site in
`order to provide animated vehicle status and control
`graphics.
`
`- The
`Media BUS and In-Vehicle Electronics
`Network Vehicle contains a number of audio and
`
`video components that are configured and controlled
`via a high-speed (‘I 00 Mbps) digital fiber-optic mobile
`media link (MML). Audio and video devices like CD
`players
`can send their output
`signals via
`the
`multiplexed,
`fiber-optic
`bus
`to
`drive
`other
`components like amplifiers and displays. A control
`signal is also carried on the MML bus to configure
`and control the devices. On the Network Vehicle, the
`command and control application has access to the
`CD player and amplifier via the MML. The command
`and control application can then configure the
`components, switch signals, and adjust variables
`such as volume, fade, and balance. The fv1fv1L gives
`the application full use of the vehicle's multimedia
`systems to develop functions and user interfaces
`tailored to driver and passenger use.
`
`Combining a command and control application
`with the MML in the Network Vehicle made possible
`features such as context-sensitive volume reduction
`
`during the use of the phone and the text-to-speech
`feature.
`It
`also allows
`“faceplate-style" user
`interfaces to integrate Internet radio with the sound
`system, and common and consistent user interfaces
`to define,
`review, and play the audio and video
`
`6
`
`
`
`content preferred by the driver and passengers. The
`vehicle also features a satellite receiver system.
`which
`provides DirecTV and DirecPC access.
`DirecPC offers Internet access via cellular modem to
`
`the vehicle for conventional Web applications as well
`as high-speed (400 kbps) download of data including
`audio, video, and text.
`
`FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NETWORK
`VEHICLE
`
`The main features of the Network Vehicle are
`
`(1) Driving
`manifested in the following three areas:
`Aids.
`(2) Business Tools, and (3) News
`and
`Entertainment. The Network Vehicle is designed
`such that, through software upgrades the customer
`can be provided with new features and functions as
`they become available.
`
`Driving Aids - Get Where You’re Going Efficiently
`- The Network Vehicle can access a simulated
`
`integrated global positioning system and hence
`advanced
`navigation
`capabilities
`via
`Internet.
`Therefore. it literally knows where it is and where it’s
`going.
`It can display the appropriate maps or simply
`provide route directions on the head-up display,
`command console or as spoken instructions. Drivers
`could control the navigation system using commands
`like "destination“ to select a new destination or "route
`
`turn-by-turn instructions.
`to get
`guidance"
`example of such a display is shown in Figure 6.
`
`An
`
`E'.nIeI"tEIImni!nl.
`
`I
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`ti.4
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`
`SUNW3-1.35
`
`Figure 6. Example of a Navigation Function Display
`
`If you think you left the Network Vehicle's doors
`unlocked or the lights on. just visit the vehicle web
`site from your home of office computer to check. then
`fix the problem remotely. The Network Vehicle's
`future remote control capabilities could not only allow
`you to actually start the vehicle in the parking lot from
`the office. but to even set the heater or air conditioner
`from your office computer, so that the vehicle is
`
`comfortable and ready to roll when you are. You
`could even plan trips on the vehicle web site. then
`download them to your vehicle. Figure 7 shows an
`example page of the vehicle web site where control
`parameters can be set.
`
`STATUE
`‘l'Fr_:\vEL
`ITINERARY
`D!i|VE_'R
`Pl-‘CIFILE
`Vl_'l-:IL’..lF
`
`RECORDS
`
`Figure 7. Example of a Vehicle Web Site Page for
`Remote Monitoring and Control
`
`Business Tools — You're Never Out of Touch -
`The Network Vehicle is on the Web. with a DirecPC
`satellite link beaming the Internet to the vehicle at
`400 kbps, more than 15 times the speed of a
`standard 28.8 kbps modern. Web sites can be
`viewed on the color reconfigurable displays at each
`of the three passenger seats, and the Network
`Vehicle can download selected information to the
`
`driver such as maps for navigation.
`
`The Network Vehicle is an extension of your
`office. seamlessly offering access to everything from
`e—mail and address book to the critical files you need.
`The driver can be alerted to new e-mail via the head-
`
`up display and can ask the vehicle to read e-mail.
`With voice commands. a to-do list can be called up
`from the
`docked Workpad.
`E~mails
`and
`appointments can be downloaded to the docked
`Workpad PDA, for review after leaving the vehicle.
`In
`the future,
`the Network Vehicle will be able to
`communicate pages and play voice mail. The driver
`will be able to use voice commands to call up a
`personal address book, then dictate e—mail messages
`which the vehicle can turn into text and send.
`
`Passengers will be able to view faxes on their LCD
`displays.
`
`fully
`cell phone is
`The Network Vehicle’s
`integrated with other systems. so a simple voice
`command tells the phone to dial any number. The
`Network Vehicle uses its own in—vehic|e audio system
`as
`a
`speakerphone,
`allowing
`hands-free
`conversations.
`
`7
`
`
`
`News and Entertainment - Getting There is More
`Than Half the Fun - We the DirecTV satellite link,
`passengers will be able to View hundreds of
`broadcast and cable channels. Each passenger can
`watch a different channel at
`the same time, with
`headsets to keep the noise level
`to a minimum.
`Using the Network Vehicle web site, you can
`preprogrem your favorite channels and shows.
`in the
`future, the Network Vehicle will include a DVD player
`so you'll be able to watch the latest movies on disc.
`
`The Network Vehicle offers AMIFM radio, a CD
`player and audio from the lntemet, all accessible with
`voice commands.
`From the Network Vehicle web
`
`site, one can program personal radio presets. Or,
`take advantage of various capabilities on the Internet.
`such as downloadable audio books. or audio-on-
`demand for an infinite choice of music selections or
`
`radio stations worldwide that are now broadcasting
`over the Web. Each passenger can also use an LCD
`display to watch movies, surf the Net or play the
`latest
`computer
`games.
`Using Netscape
`Communicator, the Network Vehicle will allow you to
`speak “Read Stocks‘ and hear the current value of
`each stock in your portfolio.
`In the future, the vehicle
`will read you the latest news from Web sites. or
`provide customized news from the vehicle web site-
`
`CONCLUSION
`
`The Network Vehicle has proven that by
`properly integrating severe] existing functions and
`technologies one can get a good glimpse of what the
`future of mobile multimedia holds. The range of
`applications enabled by the availability of wideband
`communications
`to
`the
`car
`is
`enormous.
`
`Reconfigurable displays and upgradable software will
`allow vehicle owners to take advantages of the latest
`applications and services. However, to make this
`vision a reality, a great deal of improvement and
`development
`is
`still needed.
`For example. an
`affordable
`and robust mobile
`satellite
`tracking
`antenna system is yet to be realized.
`It
`is clear
`though, the integration of computer, communications,
`and software technologies with vehicles will have a
`dramatic impact on the future of automotive industry.
`
`8