TRANSPERFECT
`
`City of New York, State of New York, County of New York
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`1, Joyce Chen, hereby affirm that the following is to the best of my knowledge and
`belief, a true and accurate Translation from Gennan into English of the document
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`Publish Patent Application: 1 247 161
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`Filing Ref.: A 43139 ll/63 c
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`J0
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`Chen
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`TransPerfect Translations International, Inc.
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`Sworn to before me this
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`September 14, 2015
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` Cl
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`tary Public-StataofNawYork
`No. 01KU6322a56
`Qualified In KING County
`Commission E - res -
`-1
`I 13, 2019
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`"
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`Stamp, Notary Public
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`Costco Exhibit 1011, p. 1
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`

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`B 62 d
`B 08 b; B 60 j; B 60 s
`63 c – 82
` 247 161
`A 43139 II/63 c
`May 18, 1963
`August 10, 1967
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` 1
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`Int. Cl.:
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`German Cl.:
`Number:
`Filing Ref.:
`Application date:
`Publication date:
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` FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
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` GERMAN PATENT OFFICE
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`PUBLISHED PATENT APPLICATION
`1 247 161
`to windshield wipers,
`relates
`invention
`The
`particularly for a motor vehicle, having a spring-elastic
`wiper blade which consists of a bendable spring rail,
`the same being attached approximately at the center of
`the wiper arm and having a cross-section which is
`lesser toward the ends thereof, and having a rubber
`wiping element or the like, and being curved in the
`same direction as the windshield, but more highly.
`Windshield wipers are known for use on curved
`windshields, having wiper blades made of rubber and
`loosely attached on two brackets each, which in turn
`are linked to a bracket, wherein the actuating arm
`engages with the center thereof. A spring rail serves
`the purpose of attaching the wiper blade to the two
`brackets, wherein the wiper blade is slid into said
`spring rail, the same being curved in the same or
`opposite direction as the windshield in order to enable
`an improved contact between the wiper blade and the
`curved windshield. By way of example, pull springs
`also serve this purpose, arranged between the brackets,
`in order to particularly be able to pull the ends of the
`wiper blade against the windshield surface. In addition,
`the width of the spring rails used to hold the wiper
`blade has been tapered toward the ends in order to give
`the ends a more bendable construction and enable
`better contact. However, these measures have proven
`insufficient because the arrangement of the brackets
`results particularly in a comparably high rigidity of the
`ends of the wiper blade. In addition, the manufacture
`of
`these known windshield wipers
`requires a
`comparably large number of individual parts, wherein
`specialized machines are required for the assembly
`thereof.
`In addition,
`the constructed height
`is
`comparably large as a result of the brackets, such that
`the wipers tend to lift under strong headwinds, since
`the wind meets a comparably large lateral surface of
`engagement.
`Furthermore, windshield wipers are known for
`curved windshields in which the wiper arm is linked
`approximately in the center directly to the wiper. This
`makes it possible to dispense with a considerable
`number of individual parts. However, precautions
`must be taken to produce the most even possible
`contact between the wiper and the windshield. For this
`purpose, a configuration is known, by way of example,
`wherein coil-shaped springs made of rubber are
`arranged on the reverse side of the wiper blade,
`wherein the elasticity thereof is supposed to press the
`wiper blade against the windshield. However, it is not
`possible even in this case to achieve an even surface-
`pressure by the wiper blade against the windshield,
`
`
`Windshield wiper, particularly for motor vehicles
`
`Applicant:
`Walter D. Appel, Orchard Lake, Mich. (USA)
`Representative:
`Dr.-Ing. H. Negendank, Patent Attorney
`Hamburg 36, Neuer Wall 41
`
`Inventor:
`Walter D. Appel, Orchard Lake, Mich. (USA)
`
`Priority:
`USA, May 21, 1962 (196 254) - -
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`
`
`
`
`even if the curvature of the blade when unstressed is
`less than the curvature of the windshield.
`In another known design, the pressure distribution,
`as well as the flexibility, of the ends of the wiper blade
`is improved by a second, shorter spring rail being
`placed over a spring rail to which the wiper blade is
`attached. The point of engagement of the wiper arm is
`approximately in the center of the wiper blade. The
`two spring rails likewise have a curvature when
`unstressed which is less than the windshield curvature,
`and are configured with a rubber covering. However,
`this results in a compromising of the free movement of
`the two spring rails with respect to each other. In
`addition, this known cross-section tapering of the
`spring rail from the point of engagement of the wiper
`arm to the ends does not make an even contact
`pressure per unit area possible.
`is
`invention
`the
`The problem addressed by
`therefore that of designing a windshield wiper, with
`the least possible constructive complexity, in such a
`manner that the contact pressure per unit area of the
`wiper blade against the windshield is constant.
`is
`According
`to
`the
`invention,
`this problem
`addressed for a windshield wiper of the type named
`above in that, for the purpose of achieving a constant
`contact pressure per unit area of the wiper blade
`against the windshield, the radius of curvature of the
`spring rail when unstressed, the cross-section tapering
`which proceeds from the point of engagement of the
`wiper arm toward both ends, as well as the elastic
`modulus of the materials of the spring rail, are tuned to
`each other, according to the length, in such a manner
`that the spring constant increases from the ends to the
`point of engagement of the wiper arm as the fourth
`power of the distance from the ends.
`
`
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`709 620/311
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`Costco Exhibit 1011, p. 2
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`

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`1 247 161
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`The windshield wiper according to the invention
`therefore only has one single spring rail to which the
`wiper blade is attached. In addition, there is a holder
`attached to the spring rail, the wiper arm engaging
`with said holder. It is possible to manufacture the
`spring rail, and assemble the wiper, in a particularly
`simple manner. In addition, the windshield wiper
`according to the invention has a very low constructed
`height, such that the configuration prevents lifting in
`strong headwinds, even with the common pressing
`forces of the wiper arm in the order of magnitude of
`approximately 11 g/cm of the blade length. In contrast
`to the known windshield wiper with brackets, ice and
`snow which are deposited on the windshield are not
`able to hinder this windshield wiper.
`The invention is based on the thinking that the
`contact pressure of the wiper blade against the
`windshield, in a wiper with a point of engagement
`lying approximately in the center of the wiper arm, is
`constant if the spring constant of the spring rail
`increases from the ends to the point of engagement of
`the wiper arm as the fourth power of the distance from
`the ends. As such, the spring constant changes
`parabolically.
`In one advantageous embodiment of the invention,
`the width of the spring rail narrows towards the ends
`parabolically. In a further advantageous embodiment,
`however, the thickness of the spring rail can decrease
`continuously towards the ends. Further embodiments
`of the invention are characterized in the remaining
`dependent claims.
`invention are
`the
`Multiple embodiments of
`described in greater detail below with reference to the
`drawings, wherein:
`Figs. 1a to 1c show an illustration as an explanation
`of the invention,
`Figs. 2a to 2c show a first embodiment of the spring
`rail with variable width,
`Figs. 3a to 3c show a second embodiment of the
`spring rail with variable thickness,
`Fig. 4 shows a top view of a wiper blade with a spring
`rail according to Fig. 2,
`Fig. 5 shows a side view of the wiper blade according
`to Fig. 4,
`Fig. 6 shows a cutaway view along the line 6-6 in Fig.
`
`Fig. 7 shows a cutaway view through a spring rail
`according to Fig. 2, with an adhesively bonded wiper
`blade, and
`Fig. 8 shows a cutaway view through a spring rail
`according to Fig. 3, with a wiper blade glued on.
`The approach of providing substantially uniform
`pressure by means of a single spring rail may best be
`understood by first considering the conditions which
`would produce uniform pressure on a flat windshield
`surface. With reference to Figs. la – lc, uniform
`pressure load along the length of a spring rail 20
`having uniform width 21 and uniform thickness 22
`could be achieved by the spring rail being configured
`with an appropriate parabolic shape when unstressed,
`this shape having its principal axis perpendicular to a
`tangent in the point of engagement of the wiper arm of
`
`4,
`
`rail moves
`the spring
`rail. When
`the spring
`perpendicular to a flat windshield surface 25, the ends
`26 would
`to produce [sic]
`initial contact with
`progressive correspondence of the shape of the spring
`and that of the windshield from the ends toward the
`center as shown in Figs. 1b and 1c. The parabolic
`shape when unstressed, said shape being required for
`completely uniform distribution of pressure for a given
`total central loading P at the point of engagement of
`the wiper arm, depends on the length, thickness, width
`and elastic modulus of the material used. For a given
`elastic modulus,
`relatively
`thinner or narrower
`segments will require relatively greater deflection and
`a deeper parabolic shape to produce a given uniform
`pressure load.
`As illustrated in Figs. 2a – 2c, the longitudinal
`section when unstressed has a tapering of the width
`27 a of the spring rail 27 from a maximum at the point
`of engagement 29 of the wiper arm to a minimum at
`the ends 28 for the purpose of producing a uniform
`load distribution, and this tapering has the shape of
`parabolic
`arcs
`having
`their
`principal
`axes
`perpendicular to the ends 28 of the spring rails 27 (see
`Fig. 4, spring rail 36 and ends 39). The curvature of
`the spring rail 27 when unstressed is then no longer
`parabolic as in Fig. 1, but rather has the shape of a
`circular arc such that the spring rail 27 again comes
`into contact against the windshield 29 beginning with
`the ends 28 and, with increasing pressure load on the
`point of engagement 29 of the wiper, toward the same,
`as shown in Figs. 2b and 2c. When fully flattened, the
`bending stress as well as the unit pressure load of the
`spring rail 27 is uniform throughout, in contrast to the
`previously discussed uniform width parabolic shape of
`the spring element where the bending stress is non-
`uniform and has its maximum value at the point of
`engagement of the wiper arm.
`Figs. 3a – 3c show that a similar result can be
`achieved by providing a uniform width 31 of spring 32
`which has a uniformly tapered thickness 33 from a
`maximum at the point of engagement 34 of the wiper
`arm to a minimum at each end 35 in which case a
`circular arc curvature again results in uniformly
`progressive “adaptation” from the ends 35 to the point
`of engagement 34 of the wiper arm when uniform
`pressure contact is exerted along the length of the
`spring rail 32 from a load P applied to the point of
`engagement 34 of the wiper arm, as illustrated in Figs.
`3b and 3c.
`The effect of this taper can also be produced by
`using spring stock of uniform thickness having a
`reinforcing rib or ribs (not shown) of progressively
`increasing depth from the ends to the point of
`engagement of the wiper arm, formed parallel to the
`longitudinal center line of the spring rail; or flanges
`(not shown) of tapering depth from the ends may be
`formed at the edges of the spring rail to provide
`progressively increasing resistance to bending from
`the ends to the point of engagement of the wiper arm.
`Obviously, it is also possible to combine in a
`number of different ways these various constructional
`
`Costco Exhibit 1011, p. 3
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`

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`1 247 161
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`approaches to provide a single spring rail having
`uniform pressure load characteristics when pressed
`against a flat windshield. Whichever construction is
`used, it is the combination of the flexible rubber wiper
`blade and a spring rail which determines the final
`pressure characteristic between the wiper blade and the
`windshield surface. For this reason the shape and
`cross-section of the flexible rubber wiper blade must
`also be taken into account, in addition to the spring rail,
`in determining the proper design proportions.
`As a result of the parabolic tapering of the spring
`rail width according to Fig. 2, and/or the uniform
`tapering of the spring rail thickness according to Fig. 3,
`the spring constant increases – substantially as the
`fourth power of the distance from the ends – from the
`ends toward the point of engagement of the wiper arm.
`If the spring rail is configured with ribs or flanges, this
`criterion must also be fulfilled. Then the contact
`pressure of the wiper blade against the windshield is
`constant. In other words, the bending moment of the
`spring rail increases from the ends toward the point of
`engagement of the wiper arm as the fourth power of
`the distance from each end.
`For curved windshields, it is possible to achieve a
`substantially uniform pressure load by adding the
`additional curve of the curved windshield surface to
`the curvature which produces a uniform pressure load
`on a flat surface. In this manner a single spring rail
`provides uniform pressure on any average or extreme
`curvature surface or intermediate curvature portion of
`a variable windshield surface. If the wiper is required
`to operate over a substantially variable curvature
`region, a fully uniform pressure can be provided for
`only one specific curvature, wherein the wiper arm
`exerts a fixed, pre-determined total pressure load, yet
`variations in pressure are minimized in several ways
`such
`that
`the wiper functions
`in a completely
`satisfactory manner. One way is to adopt a uniform
`pressure curve intermediate to the extremities of
`maximum and minimum curvature contours traversed
`by the wiper; another is to employ a spring material
`having a high modulus of elasticity and high fatigue
`strength combined with a high degree of unstressed
`curvature for the desired total loading, such that the
`spring constant forms a minimum and the variations in
`the curvature of the windshield are a minimal fraction
`of the total deflection. The spring constant is the ratio
`of load to deflection.
`According to Figs. 4 – 6, a spring rail 36 of the
`type illustrated in Figs. 2a – 2c can carry a known
`rubber wiper blade 37 by having a slot 38 extending
`almost throughout the length and terminating just short
`of the end 39, for the purpose of accommodating a
`flanged rib 40 of the wiper blade 37 projecting through
`the same. The sides of the spring rail 36 can be sprung
`apart to enable the attachment of the wiper blade
`before the attachment clip 41 a of the wiper arm is
`secured thereto by rivets 42 providing a permanent
`assembly for retaining the wiper blade 37 in position.
`As shown in the illustration in Fig. 5, the spring rail 36
`
`a and rubber wiper 37 a have a circular arc shape
`when unstressed which provides a uniform contact
`pressure along the length of contact with a flat
`windshield 43 when fully depressed by the wiper arm
`(not shown).
`Figure 7 shows a modification in the detailed
`construction of the rubber wiper blade and the
`attaching means, wherein a spring rail 45 with a design
`similar to that of Figs. 4 – 6 has a wiper blade 46
`which is attached by adhesive bonding at 47 in the
`known manner. The modification of Fig. 8 shows a
`wiper blade 48 similarly attached by adhesive bonding
`at 49 to a spring rail 50 of reduced thickness as shown
`in Figs. 3a – 3c.
`
`Claims:
`1. A windshield wiper, particularly for motor
`vehicles, having a spring-elastic wiper blade
`which consists of a bendable spring rail, wherein
`the wiper arm is attached approximately at the
`center thereof, said spring rail having a cross-
`section which tapers toward the ends thereof, and
`having a rubber wiping element or the like, the
`windshield wiper being curved in the same
`direction as the windshield, but more highly,
`characterized in that, for the purpose of achieving
`a constant contact pressure per unit area of the
`wiper blade against the windshield, the radius of
`curvature of the spring rail (27, 32, 36) when
`unstressed,
`the cross-section
`tapering which
`proceeds from the point of engagement (29, 34, 41)
`of the wiper arm toward both ends, as well as the
`elastic modulus of the materials of the spring rail,
`are tuned to each other, according to the length, in
`such a manner that the spring constant increases
`from the ends to the point of engagement of the
`wiper arm as the fourth power of the distance
`from the ends.
`2. A windshield wiper according to claim 1,
`characterized in that the width (27 a) of the spring
`rail (27) tapers parabolically toward the ends (28).
`3. A windshield wiper according to claim 1,
`characterized in that the thickness (33) of the
`spring rail (32) tapers continuously toward the
`ends (35).
`4. A windshield wiper according to claims 1 to
`3, characterized in that the rigidity of the spring
`rail can be modified in known ways by ribs or
`flanges.
`5. A windshield wiper according to claims 1 to
`4, characterized in that the curvature of the spring
`rail when unstressed has the shape of a circular
`arc.
`
`
`References cited:
`
`
`French patents nos.: 820 156, 1 033 521, 1 039 421,
`1 124 116, 1 145 640, 1 217 680;
`British patent no. 593 775.
`
`(1 page of drawings)
`709 620/311 7. 67 Federal Printing Office Berlin
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`Costco Exhibit 1011, p. 4
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`

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`Number: 1 247 161
`Int. Cl.: B 62 d
`German Cl.: 63 c – 82
`Publication date: August 10, 1967
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`DRAWINGS PAGE 1
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`Costco Exhibit 1011, p. 5
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`

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`DRAWINGS PAGE 1
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`Number: 1 247 161
`Int. Cl.: B 62 d
`German Cl.: 63 c – 82
`Publication date: August 10, 1967
`
`Costco Exhibit 1011, p. 6