PALO ALTO NETWORKS Exhibit 1013 Page 1
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`

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`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 2002 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Control Number: 2002019714
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further informa(cid:173)
`tion about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft
`Press International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at www.microsoft.com/mspress .
`Send comments to mspinput@microsoft.com.
`
`Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, ActiveStore, ActiveSync, ActiveX, Authenticode,
`BackOffice, BizTalk, ClearType, Direct3D, DirectAnimation, DirectDraw, Directlnput, DirectMusic,
`DirectPiay, DirectShow, DirectSound, DirectX, Entourage, FoxPro, FrontPage, Hotmail , IntelliEye,
`IntelliMouse, IntelliSense, JScript, MapPoint, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, Mobile Explorer, MS-DOS,
`MSN, Music Central, NetMeeting, Outlook, PhotoDraw, PowerPoint, SharePoint, UltimateTV, Visio,
`Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, Visual lnterDev, Visual 1++, Visual SourceSafe, Visual Studio,
`Win32, Win32s, Windows, Windows Media, Windows NT, Xbox are either registered trademarks or
`trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries . Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places,
`and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product,
`domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Alex Blanton
`Project Editor: Sandra Haynes
`
`Body Part No. XOS-41929
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`PALO ALTO NETWORKS Exhibit 1013 Page 2
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`homogeneous network
`
`Host Integration Server
`
`homogeneous network n. A network on which all the
`hosts are similar and only one protocol is used.
`Honeynet Project n. A nonprofit security research group
`created to collect and analyze data on hacking tools and
`methods by maintaining a decoy network of computers
`that is potentially attractive to hackers. The Honeynet
`Project sets up entire networks or computers in different
`combinations of operating systems and security to rc<Jiisti(cid:173)
`cally simulate those used in businesses and organizations.
`Hackers are lured to the network where all inbound and
`outbound data is captured and contained to help research(cid:173)
`ers learn about hacker tactics and motives.
`
`honeypot 11. A security program designed to lure and dis(cid:173)
`tract a network attacker with decoy data. The honeypot
`appears to be a system that the intruder would like to crack
`but which, in reality, is safely separated from the actual
`network. This allows network administrators to observe
`attackers and study their activities without the intruders
`knowing they are being monitored. Honeypot programs
`get their name from the "like a bear to honey" metaphor.
`
`honker n. A slang term for a hacker, the term originated
`in China. The Honker Union of China is an active group of
`Chinese hackers with nationalistic or hacktivist aims. The
`Honker Union of China has claimed patriotic motivation
`for defacing Japanese and U.S. Web sites, hacking U.S.
`networks, and releasing the Lion worm and other mali(cid:173)
`cious programs. See also hacktivist, Lion worm.
`
`horizontal retrace n. The movement of the electron
`beam in a raster-scan video display from the right end of
`one scan line to the left end (the beginning) t~ r the next.
`During horizontal retrace, the electron beam is turned off,
`so the time required for the be<Jm to move is called the
`horizontal blanking interval. See also blanking. Compare
`vertical retrace.
`
`horizontal scrolling n. A featun! of programs such as
`word processors and spreadsheets that enables the user to
`scroll left and right to display information beyond the
`horizontal limits of the screen (or window, in a graphical
`user interface).
`
`horizontal synchronization n. On raster displays, the
`timing produced by a signal that controls the sweep or the
`display's electron beam as it moves from left to right and
`back again to form an image line by line. The horizontal
`synchronization signal is usually controlled by a circuit
`known as a phase-locked loop, which maintains a constant
`precise frequency so that a clear image is formed.
`host1 n. 1. The m<Jin computer in a mainframe or mini(cid:173)
`computer environment-that is. the computer to which
`terminals are connected. 2. In PC-based networks, a com(cid:173)
`puter that provides <Jccess to other computers. 3. On the
`Internet or other large networks, a server computer that
`has access to other computers on the net work. A host com(cid:173)
`puter provides services, such <Js news, mail, or data, to
`computers that connect to it.
`
`hook 11. A location in a routine or program in which the
`programmer can connect or insert other routines for the
`purpose of debugging or enhancing functionality.
`
`host2 Fh. To provide services to client computers that con(cid:173)
`nect from remote locations-for example, to otTer Internet
`access or to be the source for a news or mail service.
`
`hop n. In data communications, one segment of the path
`between routers on a geographically dispersed network. A
`hop is comparable to one "leg" of a journey that includes
`intervening stops between the starting point and the desti(cid:173)
`nation. The distance between each of those stops (routers)
`would be a communications hop.
`
`horizontal blanking intervaln. See blanking, horizontal
`retrace.
`
`horizontal flyback n. See horizontal retrace.
`
`horizontal market n. A broad category of business activ(cid:173)
`ity, such as accounting or inventory control, that carries
`across many types of business. Compare vertical market.
`
`horizontal market software n. Application programs,
`such as word processors, that can be used in all types of
`business, as opposed to those geared for a certain industry.
`
`host adapter 11. A device for connecting a peripheral to
`the main computer, typically in the form of an exp<Jnsion
`card. Also called: controller, host bus adapter.
`
`hosting n. The practice of providing computer and com(cid:173)
`munication facilities to businesses or individuals, especially
`for use in creating Web and electronic commerce sites. A
`hosting service can provide high-speed access to the Inter(cid:173)
`net, redundant power and data storage, and 24-hour mainte(cid:173)
`nance at lower cost than implementing the same services
`independently. See also host2, virtual hosting.
`Host Integration Server 11. A sort ware application from
`Microsoft Corporation to ullow businesses to integnHe
`existing <lpplication, data, and network assets with new
`business applications and technologies. Host Integration
`Server preserves a company's existing legacy infrastruc(cid:173)
`ture and investments, while providing out-of-the-box
`
`256
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`Real-Time Control Protocol
`
`record
`
`Real-Time Control Protocol n. A scalable transport con(cid:173)
`trol protocol that works with the Real-Time Protocol
`(RTP) to monitor real-time transmissions to multiple par(cid:173)
`ticipants over a network-for example, during videocon(cid:173)
`ferencing. The Real-Time Control Protocol, or RTCP,
`transmits packets of control information at regular inter(cid:173)
`vals and is used to determine how well information is
`being delivered to recipients. Acronym: RTCP. See also
`Real-Time Protocol, Real-Time Streaming Protocol,
`Resource Reservation Setup Protocol.
`
`real-time operating system n. An operating system
`designed for the needs of a process-controlled environ(cid:173)
`ment. A real-lime operating system recognizes that
`responses must be made and tasks handled instantly, with
`no lag time. Real-time operating systems are typically
`used as embedded systems in devices and applications
`requiring time-critical reaction, such as telecommunica(cid:173)
`tions, air traffic control, and robotic functions. Acronym:
`RTOS. See also real-time system.
`Real-Time Protocoln. An Internet-standard network
`transp01t protocol used in delivering real-time data, includ(cid:173)
`ing audio and video. The Renl-Time Protocol, or RTP,
`works with both unicnst (single sender, single recipient) and
`multicnst (single sender, multiple recipients) services. RTP
`is often used in conjunction with the Real-Time Control
`Protocol (RTCP), which monitors delivery. Actvnym: RTP.
`See also Real-Time Control Protocol, Real-Time Streaming
`Protocol, stream.
`
`real-time streaming n. The process of delivering a
`streaming media file via a specialized streaming media
`server using real-time streaming protocol (RTSP). With
`real-time streaming, the tile itself actually plays on the
`streaming media server, even though it is viewed on the
`computer that opened the tile. Real-time streaming trans(cid:173)
`mits at a higher bandwidth than HTTP streaming. It is
`often used to broadcast live events, such as concerts or
`keynote conference addresses. See also HTTP streaming.
`
`Real-Time Streaming Protocol n. A control protocol
`for the delivery of streamed multimedia data over Internet
`Protocol (IP) networks. The Real-Time Streaming Proto(cid:173)
`col, or RTSP, was developed by Columbia University, Pro(cid:173)
`gressive Networks, and Netscape and has been submitted
`as a proposed standard to the IETF (Internet Engineering
`Task Force). RTSP is designed to deliver real-time, live, or
`stored audio and video eftlcienlly over a network. It can be
`used either for groups of recipients or for on-demand
`
`delivery to a single recipient. Acronym: RTSP. See also
`Advanced Streaming Formal, Real-Time Protocol,
`Resource Reservation Setup Protocol, stream.
`
`real-time system 11. A computer and/or a sol'tware sys.
`lem that re<Jcts to events before the events become obso.
`Jete. For example, airline collision avoidance systems
`must process mdar input, detect <1 possible collision, and
`warn air traftic controllers or pilots while they still have
`Lime to react.
`
`RealVideo 11. The streaming technology developed by
`Real Networks, Inc., for distributing video over intranets
`and the Internet. Real Video transmits video from a server
`in encoded (compressed) form. The video and accompa(cid:173)
`nying sound are viewed on the client end with the help or <l
`softw<Jre player. Real Video works with both IP and IP
`multicasting and, as with Re<llAudio, does not require
`transmission of complete tiles before playback can begin.
`See also ReaiAudio, Real Player, streaming.
`
`reboot vb. To restart a computer by reloading the operat(cid:173)
`ing system. See also boot1, cold boot, warm boot.
`
`receipt notification n. An e-mail feature providing feed(cid:173)
`back to the sender that a message has been received by the
`recipient.
`receive vb. To accept daw from an external communica(cid:173)
`tions system, such as a local area network (LAN) or a tele(cid:173)
`phone line, and store the data as a tile.
`
`Receive Data n. See RXD.
`
`rec. newsgroups 11. Usenel newsgroups that are pa11 of the
`rec. hierarchy and whose names have the prelix rec. These
`newsgroups cover topics devoted to discussions of recreational
`activities, hobbies, nnd the mts. See also newsgroup, traditional
`newsgroup hierarchy, Usenet. Compare comp. newsgroups,
`misc. newsgroups, news. newsgroups, sci. newsgroups, soc.
`newsgmups, talk. newsgroups.
`
`recompile vb. To compile a program again, usually
`because of chnnges th<Jt needed to be made in the source
`code in response to error messages generated by the com(cid:173)
`piler. See also compile.
`
`record1 11. A data structure that is a collection of lields
`(elements), each with its own name and type. Unlike nn
`array, whose elements all represent the same type of infor(cid:173)
`mation and are accessed using an index, the elements of u
`record represent different types of inform<Jtion and are
`accessed by name. A record can be accessed as a collective
`
`442
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`transistor-transistor logic
`
`transport layer
`
`tmnsistor-transistor logic 11. A type of bipolar circuit
`design that utilizes transistors connected to each other
`t:il her directly or through resistors. Transistor-transistor
`logic offers high speed and good noise immunity and is
`used in many digital circuits. A large number of transistor(cid:173)
`transistor logic gates can be fabricated on a single inte(cid:173)
`grated circuit. Acm11ym: TTL.
`
`transitive trust 11. The standard type of trust relationship
`between Windows domains in a domain tree or forest.
`When a domain joins an existing forest or domain tree, a
`transitive trust is automatically established. Transitive
`trusts are always two-way relationships. This series of
`trusts, between parent and child domains in a domain tree
`and between root domains of domain trees in a forest,
`allows all domains in a forest to trust each other for the
`purposes of authentication. For example, if domain A
`trusts domain Band domain B trusts domain C, then
`domain A trusts domain C. See also domain, forest, one(cid:173)
`way trust, two-way trust.
`translate vb. 1. In programming, to convc1t a program
`from one language to another. Translation is performed by
`special programs such as compilers, assemblers, and inter(cid:173)
`preters. 2. In computer graphics, to move an image in the
`"space" represented on the display, without turning (rotat(cid:173)
`ing) the image.
`
`translated file 11. A tile containing data that has been
`changed from binary (8-bit) format to ASCII (7-bit) for(cid:173)
`mat. BinHex and uuencode both translate binary tiles into
`ASCII. Such translation is necessary to transmit data
`through systems (such as e-mail) that may not preserve the
`eighth bit of each byte. A translated tile must be decoded
`to its binary form before being used. See also BinHcx,
`uuencode.
`
`translator n. A program that translates one language or
`data format into another.
`
`transmission channel n. See channel.
`
`Transmission Control Protocol n. See TCP.
`
`Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
`n. See TCP/IP.
`
`transmit vb. To send information over a communications
`line or a circuit. Computer transmissions can take place in
`the following ways: asynchronous (variable timing) or
`synchronous (exact timing); serial (essentially, bit by bit)
`or parallel (byte by byte; a group of bits at once); duplex
`or full-duplex (simultaneous two-way communication),
`half-duplex (two-way communication in one direction at a
`
`time), or simplex (one-way communication only); and
`burst (intermittent transmission of blocks of information).
`Compare transfer2.
`
`Transmit Data 11. See TXD.
`
`transmitter n. Any circuit or electronic device designed
`to send electrically encoded data to another location.
`transparency n. The quality that detines how much light
`passes through an object's pixels. If an object is I 00 per(cid:173)
`cent transparent, light passes through it completely and
`renders the object invisible; in other words, you can see
`through the object.
`
`transparency scanner n. See scanner.
`transparent adj. 1. In computer use, of, pertaining to, or
`characteristic of a device, function, or part of a program
`that works so smoothly and easily that it is invisible to the
`user. For example, the ability of one application to use
`tiles created by another is transparent if the user encoun(cid:173)
`ters no difficulty in opening, reading, or using the second
`program's 1iles or docs not even know the use is occurring.
`2. In communications, of, pertaining to, or characteristic
`of a mode of transmission in which data can include any
`characters, including device-control characters, without
`the possibility of misinterpretation by the receiving sta(cid:173)
`tion. For example, the receiving station will not end a
`transparent transmission until it receives a character in the
`data that indicates end of transmission. Thus, there is no
`danger of the receiving station ending communications
`prematurely. 3. In computer graphics, of, pertaining to, or
`characteristic of the lack of color in a particular region of
`an image so that the background color of the display
`shows through.
`
`transponder n. A transceiver in a communications satel(cid:173)
`lite that receives a signal from an earth station and retrans(cid:173)
`mits it on a different frequency to one or more other earth
`stations.
`
`transportable computer n. See portable computer.
`
`transport layer 11. The fourth of the seven layers in the
`International Organization for Standardization's Open
`Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model for stan(cid:173)
`dardizing computer-to-computer communications. The
`transport layer is one level above the network layer and is
`responsible for both quality of service and accurate deliv(cid:173)
`ery of information. Among the tasks performed on this
`layer are error detection and correction. See the illustra(cid:173)
`tion. See also ISO/OS! reference model.
`
`528
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