MICROSOFT PRESS
`
`COMPUTER
`DICTIONARY
`
`SECOND
`
`EDITION
`
`THE COMPREHENSIVE
`STANDARD FOR
`BusINEss ScHOoL
`LIBRARY AND HOME
`
`Microsoft
`
`Petitioner IBM – Ex. 1066, p. 1
`
`

`
`PUBLISHED BY
`
`Microsoft Press
`
`Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond Washington
`
`98052-6399
`
`Copyright
`
`1994 by Microsoft Press
`
`All rights reserved No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or
`transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication
`
`Data
`
`Microsoft Press computer dictionary
`the comprehensive
`standard for
`library and home Microsoft Press -- 2nd ed
`business school
`cm
`ISBN 1-55615-597-2
`
`Computers--Dictionaries
`Microcomputers--Dictionaries
`Microsoft Press
`II Title Computer dictionary
`
`QA76.15.M54
`004 03--dc2O
`
`1993
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America
`
`56789
`
`MLML 98765
`
`93-29868
`CIP
`
`Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Macmillan of Canada
`Publishing Corporation
`
`division of Canada
`
`Distributed to the book trade outside the United States and Canada by
`Penguin Books Ltd
`
`Penguin Books Ltd Harmondsworth Middlesex England
`Penguin Books Australia Ltd Ringwood Victoria Australia
`Penguin Books N.Z Ltd 182-190 Wairau Road Auckland
`
`10 New Zealand
`
`British Cataloging-in-Publication
`
`Data available
`
`Project Editor Casey
`Doyle
`Manuscript Editor Alice Copp Smith
`Technical Editors Mary Dejong Jeff Carey Dail Magee Jr Jim Fuchs Seth McEvoy
`
`Petitioner IBM – Ex. 1066, p. 2
`
`

`
`application
`
`resources such
`
`as
`
`is
`
`and sharing of
`munication
`printers and file
`servers Macintosh
`computers
`through the printer port
`plug into the network
`computers such
`serial port
`as
`non-Apple
`IBM PCs must be equipped with AppleTalk hard
`and suitable
`ware
`software AppleTalk
`baseband network that
`transfers information at
`raw speed of 230 kilobits per second and links up
`to 32 devices nodes using CSMA/CD Carrier
`Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
`distance of about 1000 feet on shielded
`over
`twisted-pair cabling known as LocalTalk
`cable
`The network uses
`layered set of protocols simi
`lar to the JSO/OSI
`International Organization for
`Systems Interconnection
`Standardization/Open
`model and transfers information as packets
`of
`supports connec
`data called frames AppleTalk
`to other AppleTalk
`networks
`known
`as bridges and it
`devices
`supports
`to dissimilar networks through de
`connections
`See also frame
`vices called gateways
`computer program designed to help
`application
`people perform certain type of work An appli
`cation thus differs
`from an operating
`system
`utility which per
`which runs
`computer
`chores
`forms maintenance or general-purpose
`and
`language with which computer programs
`
`tions
`
`through
`
`in
`
`series
`
`attached by linking one to the next
`daisy chain See also bus device driver
`called
`port serial communications
`Apple Extended Keyboard
`105-key keyboard
`that works with the Macintosh SE Macintosh II
`and Apple JIGS computers See the illustration
`This keyboard marks Apples first
`inclusion
`of
`of which was
`keys the absence
`function or
`long cited by users of IBM PCs and compatibles
`shortcoming of the Macintosh Apple also
`as
`made several other changes
`to the layout of exist
`ing keys which combined with added keys and
`lights make the Apple Extended Keyboard quite
`to the IBM enhanced keyboard
`similar in layout
`key on Apple keyboards
`Apple key
`labeled
`with an outline of the Apple logo symbol
`On Apples universal ADB and Extended key
`boards the Apple key and the Command key are
`the same key which serves
`purpose similar to
`that of the Control key on IBM and compatible
`keyboards It
`is generally used in combination
`to making
`with
`character key as
`shortcut
`menu selections or to starting macro
`stored
`sequence of commands
`AppleTalk An inexpensive local area network de
`veloped by Apple Computer
`that can be used by
`both Apple and non-Apple
`
`computers for corn-
`
`Bus
`
`ex
`
`inter-
`
`gram
`IM as
`
`ining
`ex
`ation
`lan
`other
`
`level
`
`ar
`ma
`wer
`host
`hich
`
`pro
`two
`and
`
`way
`and
`
`ters
`Dun
`es
`IPPC
`
`riput
`
`ating
`
`used
`
`the
`
`char-
`Corn
`
`tions
`
`pp1e
`tt de
`
`to
`
`plug
`
`4-pin
`
`uter
`
`local
`
`Tices
`
`tab-
`
`only
`
`be
`
`LD
`
`Apple Extended Keyboard
`
`23
`
`Petitioner IBM – Ex. 1066, p. 3
`
`

`
`arbitration
`
`layer
`
`work users at an application-based
`level The
`seventh and highest
`in the Open Systems
`Interconnection OSI model developed
`for the
`Organization
`for Standardization
`
`International
`
`ISO the application layer relies on services per
`formed at
`lower levels but
`least in
`is the layer
`volved with the underlying network hardware
`Tasks performed on the application
`layer vary
`with the uses of
`network but
`they might in
`clude login procedures
`electronic mail terminal
`emulation database management and the opera
`tion of file servers and print servers See also ISO/
`OSI model
`
`application processor
`processor dedicated to
`single application
`hardware circuit designed
`to speed the matching of text strings is an appli
`cation processor
`
`to
`
`application program See application
`application programming Interface Abbreviat
`ed API
`set of routines that an application pro
`gram uses to request and carry out
`lower-level
`services performed by
`computers operating
`system An application program carries out
`two
`types of tasks those related to work being per
`formed such as accepting text or numbers input
`document or spreadsheet
`and those related
`to maintenance
`such as managing files
`chores
`and displaying information on the screen These
`maintenance
`chores
`the
`are performed by
`computers operating system and an API pro
`vides the program with means of communicat
`ing with the system telling it which system-level
`to perform and when On computers run-
`task
`graphical user interface such as that on the
`fling
`Apple Macintosh
`an API also helps application
`programs manage windows menus icons and
`so on On local area networks an API such as
`IBMs NetBIOS provides applications with uni
`form means of requesting services from the lower
`levels of the network
`application software See application
`application-specific
`
`integrated circuit See gate
`
`array
`arbitration The process of monitoring and man
`aging competing demands for
`resource that are
`
`are created Depending on the work for which it
`was designed
`an application
`can manipulate
`text numbers graphics or
`combination
`of
`these elements Some application packages
`considerable computing
`power by focusing on
`as word processing
`such
`single task
`others
`called integrated software offer somewhat
`less
`power but
`include several applications such as
`word processor
`and
`spreadsheet
`database
`program
`person who designs
`application developer
`specifies and researches the appearance
`and
`function of an application program An applica
`tion developer might or might not do any of the
`actual programming
`application development
`language Loosely
`computer
`language designed specifically for cre
`ating applications Because most computer
`lan
`guages could be used for this purpose the term is
`reserved for
`those languages
`having specific
`constructs aimed toward record de
`high-level
`sign form layout database
`retrieval and update
`and similar tasks See also application applica
`tion generator fourth-generation
`language
`application development
`system
`program
`ming environment
`designed specifically
`for pro
`ducing applications The term usually implies the
`combination
`compiler and
`text editor
`linker An application development
`system might
`also contain libraries of common software rou
`tines that can be used in developed programs
`application file See program file
`application generator
`software development
`system that allows
`programmer to lay out an
`and define
`application
`which the application
`generator produces
`the
`necessary source or machine code for that appli
`cation Because applications
`are so diverse ap
`to create and are
`plication generators are difficult
`often limited in the types of applications they can
`produce Application generators
`included
`are
`with some database
`programs and use built-in
`sets of instructions to generate program code See
`also application
`application layer The layer of network
`stan
`dards concerned with providing services to net-
`
`of
`
`its
`
`functionality
`
`after
`
`offer
`
`24
`
`Petitioner IBM – Ex. 1066, p. 4