US008032153B2
`
`(12) Ulllted States Patent
`Dupray et a].
`
`(10) Patent N0.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 8,032,153 B2
`Oct. 4, 2011
`
`(54) MULTIPLE LOCATION ESTIMATORS FOR
`WIRELESS LOCATION
`
`(75) Inventors: Dennis J. Dupray, Golden, CO (US);
`Charles L. Karr, Tuscaloosa, AL (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: TracBeam LLC, Golden, CO (US)
`
`3/1984 Shreve
`4,438,439 A
`4,475,010 A 10/1984 Huensch et a1.
`RE31,962 E
`7/1985 Brodeur
`i
`et 31'
`436363795 A
`4,651,157 A
`
`1/19g7 Dano
`3/1987 Gray et a1.
`(Continued)
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 574 days.
`
`EP
`
`(21) Appl.No.: 12/014,092
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`0177203
`M1986
`
`(Continued)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`(22) Flled:
`
`Jan‘ 14’ 2008
`
`US. Appl. No. 11/739,097, ?led Apr. 24, 2007, Dupray.
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2008/0113672 A1
`
`May 15, 2008
`
`Related US. Application Data
`(63) Continuation of application No. 09/194,367, ?led as
`application No. PCT/US97/15892 on Sep. 8, 1997,
`noW Pat. No. 7,764,231.
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/056 590 ?led on Aug.
`20 1997 provisional application’ NO’ 60 /0 4 4 821
`?léd on A r 25 1997 rovisional a ' lication’ NO’
`60/025 855p ?led’on Se’ p9 1996
`pp
`'
`’
`’
`p' ’
`'
`(51) Int Cl
`(2009 01)
`H02W'24/00
`455/456' 1_ 455/456 5_ 455/457_
`(52) U 5 Cl
`'
`’
`'
`’4 5 5 / 4 5 6 3’
`'
`'
`' """""""" "
`'
`_
`_
`_
`455/456'1
`(58) lsrleld 0f1_C lassl?glatiqon searclh """"
`ee app lcanon e or Comp ete Seam lstory'
`References Cited
`
`(56)
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
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`(Continued)
`
`_
`_
`Primary Examiner * Lester K1nca1d
`Assistant Examiner * Isaak R Jama
`(74) Attorney’ Agent’ or Firm * Denms J‘ Dupray
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`A Wireless location System .is. disclosed that may be Con?g
`ured as a gateway for rece1v1ng a plural1ty of requests for
`locating mobile stations for, e.g., E911 requests,vehicleloca
`tion or tracking. For each mobile station (MS) location
`request, the system: (a) activates one or more location esti
`mators for locating the MS, (b) receives one or more MS
`location estimates from the estimators, and (c) transmits a
`resulting location estimate(s) to an identi?ed destination. MS
`locations are determined using one or more locating tech
`nologies based on, e.g.: computed offsets from terrestrial base
`stations, satellite transmissions, indoor antennas, loW range
`base stations, and/or signal ?ngerprinting. The system may:
`adapt With environmental changes, evaluate MS locations
`using heuristics/constraints, and/or adjust MS estimates for
`more reliable and accurate estimates. The system is useful for
`911 emergencies, tracking, routing (e.g., to desired products/
`services), people and animal location including applications
`for con?nement to and exclusion from certain areas.
`
`44 Claims, 62 Drawing Sheets
`
`L
`F
`
`Range R
`
`‘I
`V
`
`A
`
`H
`
`V
`M
`
`h
`
`BS
`Antenna
`
`1
`
`2
`
`Antenna
`
`Building
`
`T-Mobile / TCS / Ericsson EXHIBIT 1003
`T-Mobile / TCS / Ericsson v. TracBeam
`Page 1
`
`

`
`US 8,032,153 B2
`Page 2
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`T-Mobile / TCS / Ericsson EXHIBIT 1003
`T-Mobile / TCS / Ericsson v. TracBeam
`Page 2
`
`

`
`US 8,032,153 B2
`Page 3
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`Page 5
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`

`
`US. Patent
`
`0a. 4, 2011
`
`Sheet 1 0f 62
`
`US 8,032,153 B2
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`T-Mobile / TCS / Ericsson EXHIBIT 1003
`T-Mobile / TCS / Ericsson v. TracBeam
`Page 6
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`

`
`US. Patent
`
`0a. 4, 2011
`
`Sheet 2 0f 62
`
`US 8,032,153 B2
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`T-Mobile / TCS / Ericsson EXHIBIT 1003
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`

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`US. Patent
`
`0a. 4, 2011
`
`Sheet 4 0f 62
`
`US 8,032,153 B2
`
`174
`
`APPLICATION J??
`
`LOCATION
`
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`T-Mobile / TCS / Ericsson EXHIBIT 1003
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`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 4, 2011
`
`Sheet 6 0f 62
`
`US 8,032,153 B2
`
`Fig. 6(1)
`LOCATION CENTER 142
`
`SIGNAL PROCESSING "122°
`_/
`SUBSYSTEM
`1' SIGNAL FILTERING
`VERIFIED LOCATION SIGNATURE
`AND INPUT LOCATION
`FIRST ORDER LOCATION MODELS 1_22A .___
`EQEQEBEUCTURE
`(INCLUDES DISTINCT MS LOCATION
`MODELS THAT OUTPUT LOCATION
`HYPOTHESES)
`
`LOCATION CENTER
`CONTROL SUBSYSTEM
`
`33.5.‘? ............ ..
`
`LOCATION ENGINE 139
`,gg?ggqygsigég?N
`2.DETERMINES CONTEXT (
`OR STATE OF LOCATION
`PERFORMANCE DATA BASE
`6
`gRR%BEL(I:ESAI\;IE.(SB€TFICI)RFST
`1.DATA HERE IS USED WITH THE
`11111111111111“ ADAPTATION ENGINE (E.G., FOR TUNIN
`MEASUREMENTS FOR
`THE CONTEXT ADJUSTER).
`3.DE'TERMINES
`APPROPRIATE REPLIES
`To
`4.NOTE S"HEALTH" OF BS
`MEASUREMENTS
`?
`
`-
`
`----------------------------------------------- "y
`
`5
`APTA'I ION ENGINE
`
`------------------------ II’
`
`1374
`
`OPERATOR .
`2
`
`s
`
`ADAPTlVELY TUNE THE
`2 b%%§é?%§é‘§ 15%??6
`ADJUST SYSTEM
`PARAMETERS ACCORDING
`TO PAST PERFORMANCES;
`3.GENERAL PURPOSE, USES
`NO DOMAIN KNOWLEDGE
`
`1382') .................................................... ..>
`
`=_ ....................... ..
`1356
`F /
`OUTPUTGATEWAY (TO DESIGNATED
`LOCA'I'IONAPPUCA'I'IONS)
`1.DETERMINES THE APPLICATIONS
`RECEIVING OUTPUT AND THE
`N Y F
`TPUT TO EACH
`KEES‘éiTEINO 0“
`
`<—-—-—
`
`PUBLIC
`TELEPHONE
`SWITCHING
`ma?a?
`_,
`Inscmsms
`10s, and SCP m
`
`T-Mobile / TCS / Ericsson EXHIBIT 1003
`T-Mobile / TCS / Ericsson v. TracBeam
`Page 11
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`

`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 4, 2011
`
`Sheet 7 0f 62
`
`US 8,032,153 B2
`
`FIG 6(2)
`LOCATION CENTER m
`LOCATION ENGINE l 9
`
`—' NEURAL NET TRAINING DATA BASE
`
`3
`
`ENVIRONMENTAL DATA BASE
`M.
`1.STORES CURRENT WEATHER,
`TRAFFIC ETC CONDITIONS.
`
`2.USED BY CONTEXT ADJUSTER 1326, ANALYTICAL REASONER
`1416 & MAY BE FOMs. 1224
`
`AREA CHARACTERISTICS
`DATA BASE 1450
`
`PATHWAY DATA BASE;
`
`i
`
`HYPOTHESIS EVALUATOR 1228
`CONTEXT ADJUSTER 1326
`1.ADJUSTS THE CONFIDENCE AND/OR AREA FIELDS-OF LOCATION
`HYPOTHESES OUTPUT BY FIRST ORDER MODELS TO OBTAIN MORE RELIABLE
`TARGET MS ESTIMATES USING VERIFIED LOCATION SIGNATURE CLUSTERS
`IN THE LOCATION SIGNATURE DATABASE.
`2.IN ONE EMBODIMENT, THIS MODULE MODIFIES A TARGET MS LOCATION IN
`RELATION TO VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS: THE
`GEOGRAPHICAL AREA (TYPE) ASSOCIATED WITH A LOCATION HYPOTHESIS,
`WEATHER, TIME OF DAY, SEASON, TRAFFIC, ETC;
`3.IN ONE EMBODIMENT, MAY USE HEURISTIC (FUZZY LOGIC) RULES TO ADJUST
`THE CONFIDENCE VALUES;
`4. IN ONE EMBODIMENT, MAY ALSO USE EXPERT SYSTEM RULES FOR
`ADJUSTING CONFIDENCES DUE TO BS FAILURE‘gSé
`5.FOR LBSs (FIXED LOCATION TRANSCEIVE %, MAY USE OUTPUT FROM THE
`FIRST ORDER MODELS FOR SUCH TRANSCE VERS AS A WAY TO CALIBRATE
`LOCATION HYPOTHESIS DEFAULT CONFIDENCE VALUES OF OTHER FOMS.
`
`. ....................................................... ...—LocATION HYPOgIZESIS ANALYZER
`
`I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I I I I I l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I l I I l I I I I I I I I I I!"
`
`m (INCLUDES BLA'CKBOARD AND/OR
`1.RECE|VES RESULTING
`EXPERT SYSTEM)
`hQgQT'SgSES (WITH
`MS STATUS REPOSITORY (RUN-TIME TRACKING
`HIGHEST
`1.RUN-TIME STORAGE FOR P EVIOUS TARGET M
`‘__ CONFIDENCES) AND _, PATH OR TRACKING DATA; E.G., PREVIOUS
`TARGET MS LOCATION HYPOTHESES & LOCATION
`ATTEMPTS To OUTPUT
`PREDICTIONS FOR RECENTLY LOCATED MSS; E.G.,
`QESQEBFIEELEF
`MS PATHS MAY BE STORED HERE FOR USE IN
`WITH PROBABIU ,ES
`EXTRAPOLATING A NEW MS LOCATION ESTIMATE.
`ASSOCIATED WlTH
`2.LOG CONTEXT OR STATE OF A TARGET MS
`EACH AREA
`LOCATION PROBLEM; EG. FIRST OR SECOND SET
`'
`OF MEASUREMENTS FOR TARGET MS.
`1344 -/ 1333 ___/
`
`T-Mobile / TCS / Ericsson EXHIBIT 1003
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`US. Patent
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`Oct. 4, 2011
`
`Sheet 8 0f 62
`
`US 8,032,153 B2
`
`FIG 6(3)
`LOCATION CENTER 1g
`
`LOCATION ENGINE 1 9
`
`1320
`
`LOCATION SIGNATURE DATA BASE
`1.STORES CDMA SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR VERIFIED
`LOCATIONS (E.G., LOCATION SIGNATURES OR LOC SIGS);
`2.EACH LOC SIG ALLOWS ACCESS TO: MS LAT-LONG, BS ID,
`POWER LEVELS (BS AND MS), TIME/DATE STAMP,
`ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS INDICATING; E.G., RF
`BACKGROUND NOISE, MULTIPATH, DENSE URBAN,
`URBAN, SUBURBAN, RURAL, MOUNTAIN, WEATHER,
`TRAFFIC, AND A CONFIDENCE VALUE FOR THE LOC SIG.
`3.SUPPORTED RETRIEVALS: BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA, BY
`BS ID, BY ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENT
`CLASSIFICATIONS, BY TIME/DATE RANGE.
`4.LOC SIGS INPUT FROM 2 SOURCES: FIXED LOCATION MSS
`(E.G., LBS'S, 12 LOC SIGS/LBS/DAY FOR A YEAR), OTHER
`VERIFIED SOURCES PROVIDED BY A M88 148 OR
`ANOTHER UNIT HAVING LOCATION VERIFICATION
`FUNCTIONALITY; E.G., POLICE, AMBULANCES, BUSES,
`TAXIS.
`
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`T-Mobile / TCS / Ericsson EXHIBIT 1003
`T-Mobile / TCS / Ericsson v. TracBeam
`Page 15
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`US. Patent
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`0a. 4, 2011
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`Sheet 11 0f 62
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`US 8,032,153 B2
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`T-Mobile / TCS / Ericsson EXHIBIT 1003
`T-Mobile / TCS / Ericsson v. TracBeam
`Page