III III 0 II0 II0 110 III 100 III DIII DI (cid:9)
`
`II DI II
`
`(12) United States Patent
`Karr et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.: (cid:9)
`(45) Date of Patent: (cid:9)
`
`US 7,764,231 B1
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`(54) WIRELESS LOCATION USING MULTIPLE
`MOBILE STATION LOCATION TECHNIQUES
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: Charles L. Karr, Tuscaloosa, AL (US);
`Dennis J. Dupray, Denver, CO (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: TracBeam LLC, Golden, CO (US)
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`
`09/194,367
`
`(22) PCT Filed:
`
`Sep. 8, 1997
`
`(86) PCT No.:
`
`PCT/U597/15892
`
`§ 371 (c)(1),
`(2), (4) Date: (cid:9)
`
`Nov. 24, 1998
`
`(87) PCT Pub. No.: W098/10307
`
`PCT Pub. Date: Mar. 12, 1998
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`Provisional application No. 60/025,855, filed on Sep.
`9, 1996, provisional application No. 60/044,821, filed
`on Apr. 25, 1997, provisional application No. 60/056,
`590, filed on Aug. 20, 1997.
`
`Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`G01S 3/02 (cid:9)
`(2006.01)
`H04Q 7/20 (cid:9)
`U.S. Cl . ....................... 342/457; 342/450; 342/453;
`455/456.1; 455/456.6
`Field of Classification Search ................. 342/450,
`342/453, 457, 357.06, 357.02, 357.09, 357.14;
`701/213, 215; 455/456.1-456.3, 456.5-456.6
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`3,646,580 A (cid:9)
`2/1972 Fuller et al .................... 325/53
`(Continued)
`
`EP (cid:9)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`0 177 203 A2 (cid:9)
`9/1985
`(Continued)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`CC Docket No. 94-102, Before the Federal Communications Com-
`mission, in the Matter of Revision of the Commission's Rules to
`Ensure Compatibility with Enhanced 911 Emergency Calling Sys-
`tems; "Comments of Harris Government Communication Systems
`Division A Division of Harris Corporation", filed Sep. 25, 1996.
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner Dao L Phan
`
`(57) (cid:9)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A hybrid wireless location system and method is disclosed for
`locating mobile stations (MSs). Multiple wireless location
`techniques (FOMs) are provided for MS location. One or
`more FOMs can be activated in various combinations (seri-
`ally or parallelly) for outputting one or more MS location
`estimates with signal protocols, e.g., CDMA, TDMA, or
`GSM. Resulting location estimates may be for, e.g.: 911
`emergency calls, tracking, navigation, people and animal
`location, andJor applications for confinement to andlor exclu-
`sion from geographical areas. System components may be
`distributed on a network (e.g., the Internet). FOMs may be
`based on one or more of: TOA, TDOA, AOA, signal pattern
`recognitionlfingerprinting, statistical analysis, base station
`coverage, GPS signals received at the MS, andlor input from
`mobile stations. Location estimates are enhanced by adjust-
`ing MS estimates (and/or confidences therefor) according to:
`a past performance of the FOM providing such estimates,
`and/or MS geolocation or velocity constraints.
`
`232 Claims, 62 Drawing Sheets
`
`~TION CENTER 142
`.00ATION ENGINE 139
`
`1232
`
`LOCATION (cid:9)
`INFORMATION
`DAT (cid:9)
`ASES
`
`'..... ADAPTATION
`' (cid:9)
`HYPOTH• ENGINE 1352
`(FIRST
`fODELS
`!4
`IESIS EVALUATOR
`iT LIKELY" LOCATION
`IESIS DETERMINATION)
`OUTPUT GATEWAY
` SES FOR DESIGNATED
`LOCATION
`CA IONS
`APPL1
`356
`
`Apple, Inc. Exhibit 1001 Page 1
`
`

`

`US 7,764,231 B1
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`3,886,553 A
`4,023,176 A
`4,232,313 A
`4,347,618 A
`4,438,439 A
`4,475,010 A
`RE31,962 E
`4,542,744 A
`4,630,057 A
`4,636,795 A
`4,651,157 A
`4,670,758 A
`4,700,374 A
`4,721,958 A
`4,740,792 A
`4,742,357 A
`4,799,062 A
`4,857,840 A
`4,860,352 A
`4,864,313 A
`4,870,576 A
`4,876,550 A
`4,879,713 A
`4,888,593 A
`4,914,689 A
`4,952,772 A
`4,990,922 A
`4,992,796 A
`5,003,317 A
`5,008,679 A
`5,017,926 A
`5,032,989 A
`5,034,898 A
`5,043,736 A
`5,045,852 A
`5,045,861 A
`5,055,851 A
`5,075,694 A
`5,092,343 A
`5,099,245 A
`5,111,209 A
`5,119,102 A
`5,119,104 A
`5,136,686 A
`5,142,590 A
`5,155,490 A
`5,163,004 A
`5,166,694 A
`5,177,489 A
`5,184,347 A
`5,191,342 A
`5,193,110 A
`5,202,829 A
`5,208,756 A
`5,212,765 A
`5,212,804 A
`5,214,789 A
`5,216,611 A
`5,218,367 A
`5,218,618 A
`5,218,716 A
`5,223,844 A
`5,225,842 A
`5,233,541 A
`5,235,633 A
`5,243,530 A
`5,251,273 A
`5,260,711 A
`5,278,892 A
`5,280,295 A
`5,280,472 A
`
`..................... 343/112 R
`5/1975 Bates (cid:9)
`5/1977 Currie et al . (cid:9)
`............ 343/113 R
`11/1980 Fleishman (cid:9)
`.................. 343/6 R
`8/1982 Kavouras et al ............... 375/37
`3/1984 Shreve (cid:9)
`....................... 343/449
`10/1984 Huensch et al............ 179/2 EB
`7/1985 Brodeur (cid:9) ...................... 343/389
`9/1985 Barnes et al . (cid:9)
`............... 128/660
`12/1986 Martin (cid:9)
`....................... 342/358
`1/1987 Dano (cid:9)
`......................... 342/387
`3/1987 Grayetal . (cid:9)
`.................. 342/457
`6/1987 Campbell (cid:9)
`................... 342/458
`10/1987 Bini (cid:9)
`............................ 379/60
`1/1988 Jenkin (cid:9) ......................... 342/13
`4/1988 Sagey et al .................. 342/457
`5/1988 Rackley (cid:9) ...................... 342/457
`1/1989 Sanderford, Jr. et al. .... 342/450
`8/1989 Lanchais (cid:9)
`.................... 324/207
`8/1989 Laurance et al . (cid:9)
`.............. 380/23
`9/1989 Konneker (cid:9)
`................... 342/457
`9/1989 Tornetta
`10/1989 Kelly (cid:9)
`......................... 342/451
`11/1989 Ichiyoshi (cid:9) ..................... 370/75
`12/1989 Friedman et al ............. 342/387
`4/1990 Quade et al . (cid:9)
`................ 379/142
`8/1990 Zana (cid:9) ..................... 219/124.34
`2/1991 Young et al . (cid:9)
`.................. 342/52
`2/1991 Apostotos (cid:9) ................... 342/156
`3/1991 Gray et al . (cid:9)
`.................. 342/457
`4/1991 Effland et al ................ 342/353
`5/1991 Ames et al . (cid:9)
`................. 342/353
`7/1991 Tornetta
`..................... 364/513
`7/1991 Lu et al . (cid:9)
`8/1991 Darnell et al . (cid:9)
`.............. 342/357
`9/1991 Mitchell
`9/1991 Duffett-Smith
`10/1991 Sheffer (cid:9) ....................... 342/457
`12/1991 Donnangeto
`............... 128/733
`3/1992 Spitzer et al . (cid:9)
`3/1992 Sagey (cid:9) ......................... 342/357
`5/1992 Toriyama (cid:9) .................... 342/357
`6/1992 Barnard (cid:9) ...................... 342/357
`6/1992 Heller
`8/1992 Koza (cid:9) ........................... 395/13
`8/1992 Carpenter et al . (cid:9)
`............. 382/14
`10/1992 Spradleyetal .............. 342/357
`11/1992 Rentz (cid:9) ......................... 364/460
`11/1992 Russell et al ................ 342/457
`1/1993 Hatch (cid:9) ......................... 342/357
`2/1993 Farwell et al . (cid:9)
`............. 370/94.1
`3/1993 Alsup et al .................. 342/465
`3/1993 Jones
`4/1993 Geier
`5/1993 Song (cid:9) .......................... 364/706
`5/1993 Skeirik (cid:9) ........................ 395/11
`5/1993 Choate (cid:9)
`...................... 455/33.1
`5/1993 George (cid:9) ...................... 455/33.2
`6/1993 McElreath (cid:9)
`.................. 364/454
`6/1993 Sheffer et al ................ 342/457
`6/1993 Sagey (cid:9) ............................ 375/1
`6/1993 Comroe et al ................. 455/33
`6/1993 Mansell et al ............... 342/357
`7/1993 Brown et al ................. 342/357
`8/1993 Corwin et al . (cid:9)
`.............. 364/516
`8/1993 Dennison et al ............... 379/60
`9/1993 Stanifer et al . (cid:9) .............. 364/452
`10/1993 Betts et al . (cid:9)
`................... 382/ 57
`11/1993 Sterzer (cid:9)
`....................... 342/375
`1/1994 Bolliger et al . (cid:9)
`............... 379/60
`1/1994 Kelley et al . (cid:9)
`................ 342/463
`1/1994 Gilhousen et al .............. 370/18
`
`1/1994 Skeirik (cid:9) ........................ 395/22
`5,282,261 A
`3/1994 Lo (cid:9)
`............................ 455/33.1
`5,293,642 A
`3/1994 Sood (cid:9) ......................... 455/54.1
`5,293,645 A
`3/1994 Vendetti et al . (cid:9)
`............... 379/59
`5,295,180 A
`5/1994 Mathis et al . (cid:9)
`............... 342/357
`5,311,195 A
`5/1994 Kennedy et al . (cid:9)
`............ 342/457
`5,317,323 A
`6/1994 Desai et al . (cid:9)
`................. 342/387
`5,319,374 A
`6/1994 Connolly et al . (cid:9)
`.............. 379/60
`5,325,419 A
`7/1994 Stilp et al . (cid:9)
`.................. 342/387
`5,327,144 A
`7/1994 Stafford et al.......... 364/413.02
`5,331,550 A
`8/1994 Sennott et al.
`5,343,209 A
`9/1994 Lee (cid:9) ............................. 379/59
`5,349,631 A
`10/1994 Kyrtsos et al . (cid:9)
`.............. 364/449
`5,359,521 A
`11/1994 Inamiya (cid:9) ...................... 243/357
`5,363,110 A
`11/1994 Dennis (cid:9)
`....................... 364/449
`5,365,447 A
`11/1994 Schuchman et a!.......... 364/449
`5,365,450 A
`5,365,516 A * 11/1994 Jandrell (cid:9)
`....................... 370/18
`5,365,544 A
`11/1994 Schilling (cid:9)
`....................... 375/1
`5,373,456 A
`12/1994 Ferkinhoff et al. (cid:9)
`.......... 364/574
`5,379,224 A
`1/1995 Brown et al ................. 364/449
`5,388,147 A
`2/1995 Grimes (cid:9) ........................ 379/59
`5,388,259 A
`2/1995 Fleischman et a!.......... 395/600
`5,389,934 A
`2/1995 Kass (cid:9)
`.......................... 342/357
`5,390,339 A
`2/1995 Bruckert et al ............. 455/33.2
`5,392,052 A
`2/1995 Eberwine (cid:9) .................... 342/357
`5,394,158 A
`2/1995 Chia (cid:9)
`.......................... 342/457
`5,394,185 A
`2/1995 Bernard
`5,394,435 A
`2/1995 Weerackody ................ 375/206
`5,395,366 A
`3/1995 D'Andrea et al. (cid:9)
`........ 604/890.1
`5,398,302 A
`3/1995 Thrift (cid:9) .......................... 395/23
`5,402,520 A
`3/1995 Schnitta (cid:9) ....................... 395/22
`5,402,524 A
`3/1995 Bauman et al . (cid:9)
`............... 395/50
`5,408,586 A
`4/1995 Skeirik (cid:9) ........................ 395/23
`5,408,588 A
`4/1995 Ulug (cid:9) ........................... 395/23
`5,410,737 A
`4/1995 Jones (cid:9)
`........................ 455/56.1
`5,416,712 A * 5/1995 Geier et al . (cid:9)
`................. 364/450
`5,420,914 A
`5/1995 Blumhardt (cid:9) .................. 379/114
`5,422,813 A
`6/1995 Schuchman et al.......... 364/449
`5,426,745 A
`6/1995 Baji et al . (cid:9)
`................... 395/375
`5,434,927 A
`7/1995 Brady et al . (cid:9)
`................ 382/104
`5,438,644 A
`8/1995 Fu (cid:9)
`.............................. 395/22
`5,444,451 A
`8/1995 Johnson et al . (cid:9)
`............. 342/453
`5,448,754 A
`9/1995 Ho et al . (cid:9)
`.................... 455/34.1
`5,457,736 A
`10/1995 Cain et al . (cid:9)
`.................... 379/60
`5,473,602 A
`12/1995 McKenna et al . (cid:9)
`............. 370/60
`5,479,397 A
`12/1995 Lee (cid:9) ............................. 370/18
`5,479,482 A
`12/1995 Grimes (cid:9) ........................ 379/59
`5,485,163 A
`1/1996 Singer (cid:9) ........................ 342/457
`5,506,864 A
`4/1996 Schilling (cid:9)
`.................... 375/205
`5,508,707 A
`4/1996 LeBlanc et al . (cid:9)
`............. 342/457
`5,508,708 A
`4/1996 Ghosh et al . (cid:9)
`................ 342/457
`5,510,801 A
`4/1996 Engelbrecht
`5,512,908 A
`4/1996 Herrick (cid:9)
`...................... 342/387
`5,513,111 A
`4/1996 Wortham
`5,513,243 A
`4/1996 Kage (cid:9) ........................... 379/58
`5,513,246 A
`4/1996 Jonsson et al . (cid:9)
`................ 379/60
`5,515,285 A
`5/1996 Garrett, Sr. et al.
`5,515,378 A
`5/1996 Roy, III et al . (cid:9)
`............. 370/95.1
`5,515,419 A
`5/1996 Sheffer (cid:9) ........................ 379/58
`5,517,667 A
`5/1996 Wang (cid:9) .......................... 395/24
`5,519,760 A
`5/1996 Borkowski et al ............. 379/59
`5,526,001 A
`6/1996 Rose et al . (cid:9)
`.................. 342/442
`5,526,357 A
`6/1996 Jandrell (cid:9)
`..................... 370/95.2
`5,526,466 A
`6/1996 Takizawa (cid:9) ................... 395/2.62
`5,537,460 A
`7/1996 Holliday, Jr. et a!........... 379/59
`5,546,445 A
`8/1996 Dennison et al ............... 379/60
`5,555,257 A
`9/1996 Dent (cid:9)
`......................... 370/95.1
`5,555,286 A
`9/1996 Tendler
`................... 379/58
`5,561,704 A
`10/1996 Salimando (cid:9)
`5,563,611 A
`10/1996 McGann et al .............. 342/389
`5,563,931 A
`10/1996 Bishop et al . (cid:9)
`................. 379/59
`5,564,079 A
`10/1996 Olsson (cid:9)
`...................... 455/54.1
`5,570,412 A
`10/1996 LeBlanc (cid:9)
`...................... 379/58
`
`Apple, Inc. Exhibit 1001 Page 2
`
`

`

`US 7,764,231 B1
`Page 3
`
`................ 342/357
`11/1996 Cohen et al . (cid:9)
`5,572,218 A
`11/1996 Pilley (cid:9) ......................... 364/439
`5,574,648 A
`11/1996 Prezioso (cid:9)
`...................... 395/61
`5,577,169 A
`12/1996 Ferkinhoff et al. (cid:9)
`.......... 364/578
`5,581,490 A
`12/1996 Hogan (cid:9) ......................... 379/59
`5,581,596 A
`12/1996 Cohen (cid:9) ........................ 342/357
`5,583,513 A
`12/1996 Yokev et al . (cid:9)
`................ 342/457
`5,583,517 A
`12/1996 Snyder
`5,588,038 A
`................ 342/450
`1/1997 Yokev et al . (cid:9)
`5,592,180 A
`.......... 340/825.06
`1/1997 Ladner et al. (cid:9)
`5,594,425 A
`1/1997 LaDue (cid:9)
`........................ 379/59
`5,594,740 A
`1/1997 Zicker et al . (cid:9)
`.................. 379/63
`5,594,782 A
`1/1997 LeBlanc (cid:9)
`...................... 379/60
`5,596,625 A
`2/1997 Maenpaa (cid:9) ..................... 379/58
`5,600,705 A
`5,600,706 A * 2/1997 Dunn et al . (cid:9)
`................... 379/59
`5,602,903 A
`2/1997 LeBlanc et al . (cid:9)
`............... 379/60
`5,604,765 A
`2/1997 Bruno et al . (cid:9)
`................ 375/200
`5,608,410 A
`3/1997 Stilp et al . (cid:9)
`.................. 342/387
`5,610,815 A
`3/1997 Gudat et al. (cid:9)
`.......... 364/424.027
`5,610,972 A
`3/1997 Emery et al ................... 379/58
`5,611,704 A
`3/1997 Kamizono etal. (cid:9)
`.......... 439/164
`5,612,703 A
`3/1997 Mallinckrodt ............... 342/457
`5,613,041 A
`3/1997 Keeler et al ................... 395/23
`5,613,205 A
`3/1997 Dufour (cid:9) ...................... 455/33.2
`5,614,914 A
`3/1997 Bolgiano et al . (cid:9)
`............ 342/364
`5,617,565 A
`4/1997 Augenbraum et al........ 395/604
`5,619,552 A
`4/1997 Karppanen et al ............. 379/60
`5,621,848 A
`4/1997 Wang (cid:9) ......................... 395/2.2
`5,625,668 A
`4/1997 Loomis et al . (cid:9)
`................ 379/58
`5,625,748 A
`4/1997 McDonough et al. ........ (cid:9) 395/2.6
`5,627,547 A * 5/1997 Ramaswamy et al. ....... 342/357
`5,629,707 A
`5/1997 Heuvel et al . (cid:9)
`............... 342/357
`5,631,469 A
`5/1997 Carrieri et al. (cid:9)
`........... 250/341.5
`5,634,051 A
`5/1997 Thomson (cid:9) .................... 395/605
`5,638,486 A
`6/1997 Wang et al . (cid:9)
`................ 395/2.45
`5,640,103 A
`6/1997 Petsche et al . (cid:9)
`.............. 324/772
`5,646,630 A
`7/1997 Sheynblat et al. (cid:9)
`........... 342/357
`5,649,065 A
`7/1997 Lo et al . (cid:9)
`....................... 395/23
`5,652,570 A
`7/1997 Lepkofker (cid:9)
`.................. 340/573
`5,657,487 A
`8/1997 Doner (cid:9)
`........................ 455/456
`5,663,734 A
`9/1997 Krasner (cid:9) ...................... 342/357
`5,673,322 A
`9/1997 Pepe et al . (cid:9)
`.................... 380/49
`5,675,344 A
`10/1997 Tong et al . (cid:9)
`.................. 342/457
`5,675,788 A
`10/1997 Husick et al . (cid:9)
`............... 395/615
`5,686,924 A
`11/1997 Trimble et al ............... 342/357
`5,701,328 A
`12/1997 Schuchman et al.......... 375/204
`5,710,758 A
`1/1998 Soliman et al . (cid:9)
`............. 370/241
`5,710,918 A
`1/1998 Lagarde et al ............... 395/610
`5,717,406 A
`2/1998 Sanderford et al. (cid:9)
`......... 342/457
`5,719,584 A
`2/1998 Otto (cid:9) ........................... 342/465
`5,724,047 A
`3/1998 Lioio et al . (cid:9)
`................. 342/442
`5,724,648 A
`3/1998 Shaughnessy et al....... 455/56.1
`5,724,660 A
`3/1998 Kauser et al . (cid:9)
`............... 455/456
`5,727,057 A
`3/1998 Emery et al ................. 379/211
`5,729,549 A
`3/1998 Kostreski et al ............. 370/522
`5,732,074 A
`3/1998 Spaur et al . (cid:9)
`................. 370/313
`5,732,354 A
`3/1998 MacDonald (cid:9)
`................ 455/456
`5,736,964 A
`4/1998 Ghosh et al . (cid:9)
`................ 342/457
`5,737,431 A
`4/1998 Brandstein et al ............. 381/92
`5,740,048 A
`4/1998 Abel et al . (cid:9)
`................. 364/ 443
`5,742,509 A
`4/1998 Goldberg et al.......... 364/449.5
`5,742,905 A
`4/1998 Pepe et al . (cid:9)
`.................. 455/461
`5,754,955 A
`5/1998 Ekbatani (cid:9) ..................... 455/422
`5,764,756 A
`6/1998 Onweller (cid:9) .................... 379/242
`5,774,802 A
`6/1998 Tell et al ..................... 455/408
`5,774,805 A
`6/1998 Zicker (cid:9) ........................ 455/426
`5,774,829 A
`6/1998 Cisneros et al .............. 701/213
`5,774,869 A
`6/1998 Toader (cid:9)
`........................ 705/10
`5,786,773 A
`7/1998 Murphy (cid:9) ...................... 340/947
`5,787,235 A
`7/1998 Smith et al .................... 395/50
`5,787,354 A
`7/1998 Gray et al . (cid:9)
`.................. 455/456
`5,790,953 A
`8/1998 Wang et al . (cid:9)
`................. 455/435
`5,790,974 A
`8/1998 Tognazzini (cid:9)
`................. 701/204
`
`8/1998 Onweller (cid:9) .................... 370/401
`5,799,016 A
`9/1998 Goshay et al. (cid:9)
`............. 455/31.2
`5,802,454 A
`9/1998 Karaev et al. (cid:9)
`.................. 707/9
`5,802,518 A
`9/1998 Pons et al . (cid:9)
`.................... 379/45
`5,805,670 A
`9/1998 Rossmann (cid:9)
`.................. 455/422
`5,809,415 A
`9/1998 Orr et al.
`5,815,417 A
`.................. 375/356
`9/1998 Grell et al. (cid:9)
`5,815,538 A
`9/1998 Dennison et al ............. 455/456
`5,815,814 A
`10/1998 Dennison et al............. 455/456
`RE35,916 E
`10/1998 Vora et al . (cid:9)
`.................... 707/10
`5,819,273 A
`10/1998 Rowe et al.
`5,819,301 A
`10/1998 Van Hoff (cid:9) ............... 395/200.66
`5,822,539 A
`11/1998 Bamburak et al. (cid:9)
`............ 455/62
`5,832,367 A
`11/1998 Often (cid:9)
`......................... 455/410
`5,835,857 A
`11/1998 Newman (cid:9)
`..................... 707/10
`5,835,907 A
`11/1998 Gudat et al. (cid:9)
`........... 364/424.02
`5,838,562 A
`11/1998 Oprescu-Surcobe etal. 455/456
`5,842,130 A
`12/1998 Sheffer et al................ 342/457
`5,844,522 A
`12/1998 Bamburak et al. (cid:9)
`......... 455/31.1
`5,845,198 A
`12/1998 Ronen (cid:9) ......................... 705/40
`5,845,267 A
`1/1999 Augenbraun (cid:9) ................... 707/2
`5,857,181 A
`1/1999 King et al. (cid:9)
`.................. 455/404
`5,864,755 A
`2/1999 Elliott et al. (cid:9)
`................ 370/352
`5,867,495 A
`2/1999 Lang et al. (cid:9)
`..................... 707/1
`5,867,799 A
`2/1999 Otto et al. (cid:9)
`.............. 340/825.36
`5,870,029 A
`2/1999 Mullen (cid:9) ....................... 342/357
`5,872,539 A
`2/1999 Dunn et al. (cid:9)
`................. 455/456
`5,873,040 A
`2/1999 Barr et al. (cid:9)
`...................... 707/3
`5,873,076 A
`2/1999 Daly et al. (cid:9)
`.................. 455/411
`5,875,394 A
`2/1999 Rochkind (cid:9)
`................... 455/466
`5,875,401 A
`3/1999 Parl et al . (cid:9)
`................... 342/457
`5,883,598 A
`3/1999 Fattouche et al. (cid:9)
`........... 455/456
`5,890,068 A
`4/1999 Woolley et al . (cid:9)
`............. 340/539
`5,892,441 A
`4/1999 Hunt et al. (cid:9)
`..................... 707/3
`5,893,091 A
`4/1999 Savoie
`5,895,436 A
`.................. 455/456
`5/1999 Petty et al. (cid:9)
`5,901,358 A
`5/1999 Bruckert et al .............. 455/456
`5,903,844 A
`5/1999 Heger et al.................... 342/22
`5,905,455 A
`5/1999 Fan (cid:9) ............................ 701/216
`5,906,655 A
`6/1999 Wortham (cid:9) .................... 455/457
`5,913,170 A
`6/1999 Tognazzini (cid:9)
`................. 340/989
`5,914,675 A
`6/1999 Joao
`5,917,405 A
`......... 342/457
`6/1999 Sanderford et al. (cid:9)
`5,917,449 A
`6/1999 Pon (cid:9) ............................ 375/346
`5,917,866 A
`7/1999 Van Huben et al. (cid:9)
`......... 707/202
`5,920,873 A
`7/1999 Krellenstein (cid:9) ................... 707/5
`5,924,090 A
`5,926,133 A * 7/1999 Green (cid:9)
`........................ 342/363
`5,933,421 A
`8/1999 Alamouti et al............. 370/330
`5,933,822 A
`8/1999 Braden-Harder et al. ....... (cid:9) 707/5
`5,936,572 A
`8/1999 Loomis et al. (cid:9)
`.............. 342/357
`5,943,014 A
`8/1999 Gilhousen (cid:9) ................... 342/465
`5,945,948 A
`8/1999 Buford et al . (cid:9)
`............... 342/457
`5,949,815 A
`9/1999 Pon (cid:9) ............................ 375/208
`5,952,969 A
`9/1999 Hagerman et al. (cid:9)
`.......... 342/457
`5,959,568 A
`9/1999 Woolley (cid:9)
`...................... 342/42
`5,963,866 A
`10/1999 Palamara et al. (cid:9)
`............ 455/456
`5,966,658 A
`10/1999 Kennedy, III et al. (cid:9)
`....... 455/426
`5,969,673 A
`10/1999 Bickley
`5,973,643 A
`10/1999 Hawkes et al............... 342/457
`5,977,913 A
`11/1999 Christ (cid:9)
`........................ 342/465
`5,978,840 A
`11/1999 Nguyen et al . (cid:9)
`.............. 709/217
`5,982,324 A
`11/1999 Wafters et al. (cid:9)
`......... 342/357.06
`5,982,891 A
`11/1999 Ginter et al. (cid:9)
`................... 380/4
`5,983,214 A
`11/1999 Lang et al. (cid:9)
`..................... 707/1
`5,987,329 A
`11/1999 Yost et al. (cid:9)
`................... 455/456
`5,999,124 A
`12/1999 Sheynblat (cid:9) .............. 342/357.09
`5,999,126 A
`12/1999 Ito (cid:9)
`.......................... 342/357.1
`6,009,334 A
`12/1999 Grubeck et al. (cid:9)
`............. 455/456
`6,014,102 A
`1/2000 Mitzlaff et a!............... 342/457
`6,026,304 A
`2/2000 Hilsenrath et al. (cid:9)
`.......... 455/456
`6,028,551 A
`2/2000 Schoen et al................ 342/357
`6,029,161 A
`2/2000 Lang et al. (cid:9)
`..................... 707/1
`6,031,490 A
`2/2000 Forssen et al. (cid:9)
`.............. 342/457
`
`Apple, Inc. Exhibit 1001 Page 3
`
`

`

`US 7,764,231 B1
`Page 4
`
`6,034,635 A
`6,038,668 A
`6,046,683 A
`6,047,192 A
`6,061,064 A
`6,064,339 A
`6,064,942 A
`6,097,958 A
`6,101,178 A
`6,101,390 A
`6,101,391 A
`6,108,555 A
`6,157,621 A
`6,167,274 A
`6,185,427 B1
`6,236,365 B1
`6,240,285 B1
`6,243,587 B1
`6,249,245 B1
`6,249,252 B1
`6,301,463 B1
`6,308,072 B1
`6,321,092 B1
`6,324,404 B1
`6,330,452 B1
`6,381,464 B1
`6,385,541 B1
`6,438,380 B1
`6,519,463 B2
`6,549,130 B1
`6,834,195 B2
`6,952,181 B2
`7,274,332 B1
`2 004/0 19 83 86 Al
`2004/0266457 Al
`
`3/2000 Gilhousen (cid:9) ................... 342/457
`3/2000 Chipman et al . (cid:9)
`............ 713/201
`4/2000 Pidwerbetsky et al. . 340/825.54
`4/2000 Maloney et al .............. 455/456
`5/2000 Reichlen (cid:9) ..................... 345/418
`5/2000 Wax et al .................... 342/417
`5/2000 Johnson et al . (cid:9)
`............. 701/213
`8/2000 Bergen (cid:9) ....................... 455/456
`8/2000 Beal (cid:9) ........................... 370/336
`8/2000 Jayaraman et al. (cid:9)
`.......... 455/456
`8/2000 Ishizuka et al . (cid:9)
`............. 455/457
`8/2000 Maloney et al .............. 455/456
`12/2000 Brown et al ................. 370/310
`12/2000 Smith (cid:9) ......................... 455/456
`2/2001 Krasner et al . (cid:9)
`.............. 455/456
`5/2001 LeBlanc et al . (cid:9)
`............. 342/457
`5/2001 Blum et al . (cid:9)
`................. 455/404
`6/2001 Dent et al . (cid:9)
`.................. 455/456
`6/2001 Watters et al. (cid:9)
`......... 342/357.03
`6/2001 Dupray (cid:9) ....................... 342/450
`10/2001 Dao
`10/2001 Labedz et al ................ 455/448
`11/2001 Fitch et al . (cid:9)
`.................. 455/456
`11/2001 Dennison et al ............. 455/456
`12/2001 Fattouche et al. (cid:9)
`........... 455/456
`4/2002 Vannucci (cid:9) .................... 455/456
`5/2002 Blumberg
`8/2002 Bi (cid:9) et al . (cid:9)
`...................... 455/456
`2/2003 Tendler
`4/2003 Joao
`12/2004 Brandenberg
`10/2005 Karr et al.
`9/2007 Dupray
`10/2004 Dupray
`12/2004 Dupray
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`GB
`GB
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`
`0 546 758 A2
`0 689 369 Al
`0 870 203 B1
`0 923 817
`0 811 296 B 1
`1 605 207
`2 155 720 A
`WO 93/04453
`WO 94/01978
`WO 94/11853
`9415412
`WO 94/27161
`WO 95/03598
`WO96/14588
`WO 96/20542
`WO 97/01228
`WO 97/22888
`WO 97/24010
`WO 97/26750
`WO 97/38540
`WO 97/41654
`WO 97/50002
`WO 98/00982
`WO98/10307
`WO 98/14018
`PCT/US01/17957
`WO 01/44998 A2
`WO 01/95642
`WO 02/065250 A2
`
`6/1993
`12/1995
`12/1996
`5/2002
`9/2002
`6/1975
`3/1984
`3/1993
`1/1994
`5/1994
`7/1994
`11/1994
`2/1995
`5/1996
`7/1996
`1/1997
`6/1997
`7/1997
`7/1997
`10/1997
`11/1997
`12/1997
`1/1998
`3/1998
`4/1998
`6/2001
`6/2001
`12/2001
`8/2002
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`CC Docket No. 94-102, Before the Federal Communications Com-
`mission, in the Matter of Revision of the Commission's Rules to
`
`Ensure Compatibility with Enhanced 911 Emergency Calling Sys-
`tems; "Reply Comments of KSI Inc. and MULIC Inc." filed Oct. 25,
`1996.
`CC Docket No. 94-102, Before the Federal Communications Com-
`mission, in the Matter of Revision of the Commission's Rules to
`Ensure Compatibility with Enhanced 911 Emergency Calling Sys-
`tems; exparte communication from Cambridge Positioning Systems
`Ltd. received Apr. 14, 1997 by the Commission.
`CC Docket No. 94-102, Before the Federal Communications Com-
`mission, in the Matter of Revision of the Commission's Rules to
`Ensure Compatibility with Enhanced 911 Emergency Calling Sys-
`tems; exparte communication from GeoTek Communications, Inc.
`received Apr. 14, 1997 by the Commission.
`CC Docket No. 94-102, Before the Federal Communications Com-
`mission, in the Matter of Revision of the Commission's Rules to
`Ensure Compatibility with Enhanced 911 Emergency Calling Sys-
`tems; ex parte communication from XYPOINT Corporation, Inc.
`received Jul. 28, 1997 by the Commission.
`CC Docket No. 94-102, Before the Federal Communications Com-
`mission, in the Matter of Revision of the Commission's Rules to
`Ensure Compatibility with Enhanced 911 Emergency Calling Sys-
`tems; exparte communication from National Strategies, Inc., regard-
`ing enhanced 911 system trial by TruePosition, Inc. and New Jersey
`Office Emergency Telecommunications Services, received Aug. 8,
`1997 by the Commission.
`CC Docket No. 94-102, Before the Federal Communications Com-
`mission, in the Matter of Revision of the Commission's Rules to
`Ensure Compatibility with Enhanced 911 Emergency Calling Sys-
`tems; exparte communication from SnapTrack, Inc., received Jun.
`27, 1997 by the Commission.
`from http:/www.uswcorp.com/!aby.htm,, Release concerning
`RadioCameraTM, printed Sep. 14, 1998.
`Wylie et al., "The Non-Line of Sight Problem in Mobile Location
`Estimation".
`Evans, 1998, "New Satellites for Personal Communications," Scien-
`tic American, 278(4):70-77.
`Hills, 1998, Terrestrial Wireless Networks, Scientic American,
`278(4):86-91.
`Pelton, 1998, "Telecommunications for the 21s` Century," Scientific
`American, 278(4):80-85.
`Stutzmann et al., 1998, "Moving Beyond Wireless Voice Systems,"
`Scientic American, 278(4):92-93.
`Driscoll, "Wireless Caller Location Systems", 1998, GSP World
`Advanstar Communications, Inc., www.gpsworld.com/1198/
`1198driscol.html, pp. 1-8.
`Junius et al., "New Methods for Processing GSM Radio Measure-
`ment Data: Applications for Locating, Handover, and Network Man-
`agement", 1994, Communication Network, Aachen University of
`Technology, pp. 338-342.
`Low, "Comparison ofUrban Propagation Models with CW-Measure-
`ments", Deutsche Bundespost Telekom, pp. 936-942.
`"Location Systems and Technologies", 1994, Wireless Emergency
`Services JEM Report, Annex A pp. 42-46 and Appendix A pp. 1-2.
`Fechner et al., A Hybrid Neural Network Architecture for Automatic
`Object Recognition, 1994, IEEE, pp. 187-194.
`Kosko, "Fuzzy Systems as Universal Approximators", 1994, IEEE,
`pp. 1329-1333.
`Mardiraju et al., "Neural Networks for Robust Image Feature Clas-
`sification: A Comparative Study", 1994, IEEE, pp. 423-430.
`Sousa et al., "Delay Spread Measurements for the Digital Cellular
`Channel in Toronto", 1994, IEEE, pp. 837-847.
`Goldbsmith et al., "A Measurement-Based Model for Predicting
`Coverage Areas of Urban Microcells", 1993, IEEE, pp. 1013-1023.
`Ichitsubo et al., "A Statistical Model for Microcellular Multipath
`Propagation Environment", Prior to Dec. 22, 1997, Wireless Systems
`Laboratories, pp. 1-6.
`Wittenben et al., "A Low Cost Noncoherent Receiver with Adaptive
`Antenna Combining for High Speed Wireless Lans", Prior to Dec. 22,
`1997, ASCOM Systec AG, pp. 1-4.
`Gaspard et al., "Position Assignment in Digital Cellular Mobile
`Radio Networks (e.g. GSM) derived from Measurements at the Pro-
`tocol Interface", Prior to Dec. 22, 1997, pp. 1-5.
`
`Apple, Inc. Exhibit 1001 Page 4
`
`

`

`US 7,764,231 B1
`Page 5
`
`Dutta et al., "Modified Adaptive Multiuser Detector for DS-CDMA
`in Multipath Fading", Prior to Dec. 22, 1997, pp. 1-7.
`Gallant, "Neural Network Learning and Expert Systems", 1994, The
`MIT Press, pp. 132-137.
`Striglis et al., "A Multistage RAKE Receiver for Improved Capacity
`of CDMA Systems", 1994, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference,
`pp. 1-5.
`Chan et al., "Multipath Propagation Effects on a CDMA Cellular
`System", 1994, IEEE, pp. 848-855.
`Wolfe et al., "Field Strength Prediction in Indoor Environments with
`Neural Networks", Prior to Dec. 22, 1997, pp. 1-5.
`U.S. Appl. No. 09/230,109, filed Jan. 22, 1999 Entitled "Location of
`a Mobile Station Using a Plurality of commercial wireless infrastruc-
`tures" (Pending).
`Low, "Comparison ofUrban Propagation Models with CW-Measure-
`ments", 1992, IEEE Deutsche Bundespost Telekom, pp. 936-942.
`"The Measearch Engine Years: Fit the First", 1992, http: //www.
`conman.org/people/spc/refs/search.hpl.html, pp. 1-3.
`Lawrence et al., "Northern Light Search Engine Leads the Pack-
`Others Fall Behind", May 1, 1998, Online Newsletter, 19(5)pp. 1-2.
`Johnson, "Smart Technology Busting Out All Over Web", Jun. 15,
`1998, Electronic Engineering Times, 1012 pp. 1-6.
`Notess, "Internet Search Engine Update", Jul. 1, 1998, Online, vol.
`v22:nr, pp. 1-3.
`Meadow, "Text Information Retrieval Systems", 1992, Academic
`Press, pp. 204-209.
`Iwayama et al., "Cluster-Based Text Catagorization: A Comparison
`of Category Search Strategies", 1995, ACM-SIGIR, pp. 273-279.
`Botafogo, "Cluster Analysis for Hypertext Systems", Jun. 1993,
`ACM-SIRIG, pp. 116-124.
`Wang Baldonado et al., "SenseMaker: An Information-Exploration
`Interface Supporting the Contextual Evolution of a User's Interests",
`1997, ACM-CHI, pp. 11-18.
`Baldazo, "Navigating with aWeb Compass: Quarterdeck Harnessess
`Leading-edge "Metasearch" Technology to Create a SmartAgent that
`Searches the Web and organizes the Results", Mar. 1996, BYTE, pp.
`97-98.
`Weiss et al., "HyPursuit: A Hierarcical Network Search Engine that
`Exploits Content-Link Hypertext Clustering", 1996, Hypertext, pp.
`180-193.
`Dupray et al., U.S. Appl. No. 09/770,838, filed Jan. 26, 2001 Entitled
`"Location of a Mobile Station", pp. 1-206 and 60 Drawing Sheets.
`U.S. Appl. No. 09/820,584, filed Mar. 28, 2001 Entitled "Location of
`a Mobile Station Using a Plurality of Commercial Wireless Infra-
`structures".
`Lepkofker; U.S. Appl. No. 08/246,149 Entitled "Individual Location
`System"; May 19, 1994.
`Maloney et al.; U.S. Appl. No. 60/017,899 Entitled "Enhanced Time-
`Difference Localization System"; May 17, 1996.
`U.S. Appl. No. 08/355,901 Entitled "MICR-Miniature Emergency
`Geo-Location Beacon System for Personal Security", filed Dec. 13,
`1994.
`Communication from U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Re: U.S.
`Appl. No. 08/355,901.
`Communication from U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Re: U.S.
`Appl. No. 08/355,901 Response from Examiner regarding commu-
`nication filed on Dec. 26, 1995 Dated Jul. 23, 1996.
`Communication from U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Re: U.S.
`Appl. No. 08/355,901 Examiner Interview Summary Record Dated:
`Aug. 13, 1996.
`Communication from U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Re: U.S.
`Appl. No. 08/355,901 Office Action Summary Dated: Mar. 14, 1997.
`Communication from U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Re: U.S.
`Appl. No. 08/355,901 Office Action Summary Dated: Mar. 17, 1998.
`Communication from U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Re: U.S.
`Appl. No. 08/355,901 Office Action Summary Dated: Jun. 24, 1998.
`Communication from U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Re: U.S.
`Appl. No. 08/355,901 Advisory Action Dated: Aug. 11, 1998.
`
`Communication from U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Re: U.S.
`Appl. No. 08/355,901 Advisory Action Dated: Sep. 9, 1998.
`Communicati