() 3 -- ;2/f-·-O b
`
`Examiner: Dao L. Phan
`
`RESPONSE TO OFFICE ACTION DATED
`FEBRUARY 8. 2006
`
`) Group Art Unit: 3662
`)
`)
`)
`)
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`)
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`EXPRESS MAIL MAILING LABEL NUMBER: EV737751758US
`DATE OF DEPOSIT: March 22,2006
`
`I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS CORRESPONDENCE IS
`BEING DEPOSITED WITH THE UNITED STATES POSTAL
`SERVICE "EXPRESS MAIL POST OFFICE TO ADDRESSEE"
`SERVICE UNDER 37 CFR 1.10 ON THE DATE INDICATED
`ABOVE AND IS ADDRESSED TO THE COMMISSIONER FOR
`PATENTS, P.O. BOX 1450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22313-1450
`
`Dupray et al.
`
`Serial No.: 09/770,838
`
`Filed: January 26, 2001
`
`Atty. File No.: 1003-1
`
`For: A GATEWAY AND HYBRID
`SOLUTIONS FOR WIRELESS
`LOCATION
`
`Commissioner for Patents
`P.O. Box 1450
`Alexandria, Virginia 22313-1450
`
`Dear Sir:
`
`In response to the Office Action having a mailing date of February 8, 2006, the applicant
`hereby submits a copy of the Preliminary Amendment dated February 20, 2002, which contains the
`claims to be examined.
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`180 1 Belvedere Street
`Golden, Colorado 8040 1
`(303) 863-9700
`
`-1-
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`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1004 Page 1
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`

`
`PATENT APPLICATION
`
`In Re the Application of:
`
`DUPRA Y et al.
`
`Prior Group Art Unit: 3662
`
`Prior Examiner: Dao Phan
`
`Serial No.: 091770,838
`
`PRELIMINARY AMENDMENT
`
`Filed: January 26, 2001
`
`Atty. File No.: 1003-1
`
`For:
`
`"WIRELESS LOCATION USING
`
`SIGNAL FINGERPRINTING"
`
`CERTIFICATE OF MAILING
`
`I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS CORRESPONDENCE IS BEING
`DEPOSITED WITH THE UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE AS
`FIRST CLASS MAIL IN AN ENVELOPE ADDRESSED TO THE
`ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER FOR PATENTS, WASHINGTON, DC
`20231 ON February 20, 2002.
`
`SHERIDAN ROSS P.C.
`
`BY:
`
`Chasity C. Rossum
`
`Assistant Commissioner for Patents
`
`Washington, D.C. 20231
`
`Dear Sir:
`
`Applicants herewith submit-an additional voluntary preliminary amendment. Accompanying this
`
`amendment is an additional Information Disclosure Statement. Also accompanying this amendment is a
`
`transmittal requesting changes to the drawings. The requested changes to the drawings are consistent
`
`with the changes to the specification requested herein. Accordingly, Applicants request the Examiner to
`reconsider the present application in view of the requested ~endments and the additional Information
`
`Disclosure Statement.
`
`If there are any questions regarding the present am~ndmeiit, the request for changes to the
`
`drawings, or the newly filed Information Disclosure Statement, it is requested that the named Applicant
`
`hereinbelow (Dennis Dupray) be contacted at 303-863-2975.
`
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`

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`Application Serial No.: 09/770,838 ·
`Document: "Preliminary Amendment"
`
`.;
`
`I
`
`IN THE SPECIFICATION:
`
`Applicants have provided herein a replacement set of amendments to the specification. The
`
`amendments to the specification herein are to replace all previous specification amendments with the
`
`. exception of the change in the claim for priority filed which were provided in a transmittal to the
`
`USPTO filed on Januarv 26, 2001. Accordingly, it is requested that all previous amendments to the
`
`specification, except for the change in the claim for priority, be replaced with the specification
`
`amendments provided herein following.
`
`Please replace the title of application with the following new title:
`
`"A GATEWAY AND HYBRID SOLUTIONS FOR WIRELESS LOCATION"
`
`Please replace the paragraph beginning on page 8, line 3 with the following paragraph:
`
`Loss due to slow fading includes shadowing due to clutter blockage (sometimes included in Lp).
`
`Fast fading is composed of multipath reflections which cause: 1) delay spread; 2) random phase shift or
`
`Rayleigh fading; and 3) random frequency modulation due to different Doppler shifts on different paths.
`
`Please replace the paragraph. beginning on page 10, line 3 through page 10, line 20 with the
`
`following paragraphs:
`
`It is an objective of the present .invention to provide a system and method for to wireless
`telecommunication systems for accurately locating people and/or objects in a cost effective manner.
`
`Additionally, it is an objective of the present invention to provide such location capabilities using the
`
`measurements from wireless signals communicated between mobile stations and a network of base
`
`stations, wherein the same communication standard or protocol is utilized for location as is used by the
`
`network of base stations for providing wireless communications with mobile stations for other purposes
`
`such as voice communication and/or visual communication (such as text paging, graphical or video
`
`communications). Related objectives for various embodiments ofthe present invention include providing
`
`a system and method that:
`can be readily incorporated into existing commercial wireless telephony systems.with few, if any,
`
`(1.1)
`
`modifications of a typical telephony wireless infrastructure;
`
`2 of133
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`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1004 Page 3
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`

`
`Application Serial No.: 091770,838 ·
`Document: "PreliminaryAmendment" ·
`
`( 1.2)
`
`can use the native electronics of typical commercially available, or likely to be available,
`
`telephony wireless mobile stations (e.g., handsets) as location devices;
`
`( 1.3) · can be used for effectively locating people and/or objects wherein there are few (if any) line-of(cid:173)
`
`sight wireless receivers for receiving location signals from a mobile station (herein also denoted MS);
`
`( 1.4)
`
`can be used not only for decreasing location determining difficulties due to multipath phenomena
`
`but in fact uses such multipath for providing more accurate location estimates;
`
`· (1.5)
`
`can be used for integrating a wide variety of location techniques in a straight-forward manner;
`
`( 1.6)
`
`can substantially automatically adapt and/or (re )train and/or (re )calibrate itself according to
`
`changes in the environment and/or terrain of a geographical area where the present invention is utilized;
`
`· ( 1. 7)
`can utilize a plurality of wireless location estimators based on different wireless location
`technologies (e.g., GPS location techniques, terrestrial base station signal timing techniques for
`
`triangulation and/or trilateration, wireless signal angle of arrival location techniques, techniques for
`
`determining a wireless location within a building, techniques for determining a mobile station location
`
`using wireless location data collected from the wireless coverage area for, e.g., location techniques using
`
`base station signal coverage areas, signal pattern matching location techniques and/or stochastic
`
`techniques), wherein each such estimator may be activated independently of one another, whenever
`
`suitable data is provided thereto and/or certain conditions, e.g., specific to the estimator are met;
`
`(1.8)
`
`can provide a common interface module from which a plurality of the location estimators can be
`
`activated and/or provided with input;
`
`(1.9)
`
`provides resulting mobile station location estimates to location requesting applications (e.g., for
`
`. 911 emergency, the fire or police departments, taxi services, vehicle location, etc.) via an output gateway,
`
`wherein this gateway:
`
`(a)
`
`routes the mobile station location estimates to the appropriate location application(s) via
`
`a communications network such as a wireless network, a public switched telephone
`
`network, a short messaging service (SMS), and the Internet,
`
`(b)
`
`determines the location granularity and representation desired by each location application
`
`requesting a location of a mobile station, and/or
`
`(c)
`
`enhances the received location estimates by, e.g., performing additional processing
`
`such as "snap to street'' functions for mobile stations known to reside in a vehicle.
`
`· Please replace the paragraph beginning on page 11, line 15 with the following paragraph:
`
`(3.3) The term, "infrastructure", denotes the network of telephony communication services, and more
`particularly, that portion of such a network that receives and processes wireless communications w~th
`
`3 of 133
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`

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`Application Serial No.: 091770,838
`Document: "PreliminaryAmendment"
`
`wireless mobile stations. In particular, this infrastructure includes telephony wireless base stations (BS)
`
`such as those for radio mobile communication systems based on CDMA, AMPS, NAMPS, TDMA, and
`
`GSM wherein the base stations provide a network of cooperative communication channels with an air
`
`interface with the MS, and a conventional telecommunications interface with a Mobile Switch Center
`
`(MSC). Thus, an MS user within an area serviced by the base stations may be provided with wireless
`
`communication throughout the area by user transparent communication transfers (i.e., "handoffs")
`
`between the user's MS and these base stations in. order to maintain effective telephony service. The
`
`mobile switch center (MSC) provides communications and control connectivity among base stations and
`
`the public telephone network 124.
`
`Please replace the paragraph beginning on page 12, line 6 with the following paragraphs:
`
`The present invention relates to a wireless mobile station location system, and in particular,
`
`various subsystems related thereto such as a wireless location gateway, and the combining or hybriding of
`
`a plurality of wireless location techniques.
`
`Regarding a wireless location gateway, this term refers to a communications network node
`
`whereat a plurality of location requests are received for locating various mobile stations from various
`
`sources (e.g., for E911 requests, for stolen vehicle location, for tracking of vehicles traveling cross
`
`country, etc.), and for each such request and the corresponding mobile station to be located, this node: (a)
`
`activates one or more wireless location estimators for locating the mobile station, (b) receives one or more
`
`location estimates of the mobile station from the location estimators, and (c) transmits a resulting location
`
`estimate(s) to, e.g., an application which made the request. Moreover, such a gateway typically will likely
`
`activate location estimators according to the particulars of each individual wireless location request, e.g.,
`
`the availability of input data needed by particular location estimators. Additionally, such a gateway will
`typically have sufficiently well defmed uniform interfaces so that such location estimators can be added
`and/or deleted to, e.g., provide different location estimato~ for performing wireless location different
`
`coverage areas.
`
`The present invention encompasses such wireless location gateways. Thus, for locating an
`
`identified mobile station, the location gateway embodiments of the present invention may activate one or
`
`more of a plurality of location estimators depending on, e.g., (a) the availability of particular types of
`
`wireless location data for locating the mobile station, and (b) the location estimators accessable by the
`
`location gateway. Moreover, a plurality of location estimators may be activated for locating the mobile
`
`station in a single location, or different ones of such location estimators may be activated to locate the
`
`mobile station at different locations. Moreover, the location gateway of the present invention may have
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`4 of 133
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`

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`Application Serial No.: 091770,838
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`incorporated therein one or more of the location estimators, and/or may access geographically distributed
`
`location estimators via requests through a communications network such as the Internet.
`
`In particular, the location gateway of the present invention may access, in various instances of
`
`locating mobile stations, various location estimators that utilize one or more of the following wireless
`
`location techniques:
`
`(a)
`
`(b)
`
`A GPS location technique such as, e.g., one of the GPS location techniques as
`
`described in the Background section hereinabove;
`A technique for computing a mobile station location that is dependent upon
`
`geographical offsets of the mobile station from one or more terrestrial
`
`transceivers (e.g., base stations of a commercial radio service provider). Such
`
`offsets may be determined from signal time delays between such transceivers and
`
`the mobile station, such as by time of arrival (TOA) and/or time difference of
`
`arrival (TDOA) techniques as is discussed further hereinbelow. Moreover, such
`
`offsets may be determined using both the forward and reverse wireless signal
`
`timing measurements of transmissions between the mobile station and such
`
`terrestrial transceivers. Additionally, such offsets may be directional offsets,
`
`wherein a direction is determined from such a transceiver to the mobile station;
`
`(c)
`
`Various wireless signal pattern matching, associative, and/or stochastic
`
`techniques for performing comparisons and/or using a learned association
`
`between:
`
`(i)
`
`characteristics of wireless signals communicated between a mobile
`
`station to be located and a network of wireless transceivers (e.g., base
`
`stations), and
`
`(ii)
`
`previously obtained sets of characteristics of wireless signals (from each
`
`of a plurality oflocations), wherein each set was communicated, e.g.,
`
`between a network oftran$ceivers (e.g., the fixed location base stations
`
`of a commercial radio service provider), and, some one of the mobile
`
`stations available for communicating with the network;
`
`Indoor location techniques using a distributed antenna system;
`
`Techniques for locating a mobile station, wherein, e.g., wireless coverage areas
`
`of individual fixed location transc.eivers (e.g., fixed location base stations) are
`
`utilized for determining the mobile station's location (e.g., intersecting such
`
`coverage areas for determining a location);
`
`(d)
`
`(e)
`
`5 ofl33
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`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1004 Page 6
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`

`
`Application Serial No.: 091770,838
`Document: "PreliminarY Amendment"
`
`(f)
`
`Location techniques that use communications from low power, low functionality
`
`base stations (denoted "location base stations"); and
`
`(g)
`
`Any other location techniques that may be deemed worthwhile to incorporate into
`
`an embodiment of the present invention.
`
`Accordingly, some embodiments of the present invention may be viewed as platforms for
`
`. integrating wireless location techniques in that wireless location computatimial models (denoted "first
`
`order models" or "FOMs" hereinbelow) may be added and/or deleted from such embodiments of the
`
`invention without changing the interface to further downstream processes. That is, one aspect of the
`
`invention is the specification of a common data interface between such computational models and
`
`subsequent location processing such as processes for combining of location estimates, tracking mobile
`
`stations, and/or outputting location estimates to location requesting applications.
`
`Moreover, it should be noted that the present invention also encompasses various hybrid
`
`approaches to wireless location, wherein various combinations of two or more of the location techniques
`
`(a) through (g) immediately above may be used in locating a mobile station at substantially a single
`
`location. Thus, location information may be obtained from a plurality of the above location techniques
`
`for locating a mobile station, and the output from such techniques can be synergistically used for deriving ·
`
`therefrom an enhanced location estimate of the mobile station.
`
`It is a further aspect of the present invention that it may be used to wirelessly locate a mobile
`
`station: (a) from which a 911 emergency call is performed, (b) for tracking a mobile station (e.g., a truck
`
`traveling across country), (c) for routing a mobile station, and (d) locating people and/or animals,
`
`including applications for confinement to (and/or exclusion from) certain areas.
`
`It is a further aspect of the present invention that it may be decomposed into: (i) a first low level .
`
`wireless signal processing subsystem for receiving, organizing and conditioning low level wireless signal
`
`measurements from a network of base stations cooperatively linked for providing wireless
`communications with mobile stations (MSs); and (ii) a second high level signal processing subsystem for
`
`performing high level data processing for providing most likelihood location estimates for mobile
`
`stations.
`
`Please replace the paragraph beginning on page 12, line 11 with the following paragraph:
`
`Thus, the present invention may be considered as a novel signal processor that includes at least
`the functionality for the high signal processing subsystem mentioned hereinabove. Accordingly,
`
`· assuming an appropriate ensemble of wireless signal measurements characterizing the wireless signal
`
`communications between a particular MS and a networked wireless base station infrastructure have been
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`Application Serial No.: 09/770,838
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`received and appropriately filtered of noise and transitory values (such as by an embodiment of the l~w
`
`level signal processing subsystem disclosed in a copending PCT patent application PCT/US97115933
`
`titled, "Wireless Location Using A Plurality of Commercial Network Infrastructures," by F. W. LeBlanc et
`
`al., filed September 8, 1997 from which U.S. Patent 6,236,365, filed July 8, 1999 is the U.S. national
`
`counterpart; these two references being herein fully incorporated by reference), the present invention uses
`
`the output from such a low level signal processing system for determining a most likely location estimate
`
`of an MS.
`
`Please replace the paragraph beginning on page 12, line 19 (and ending on this same line 19) with
`
`the following paragraph:
`
`That is, once the following steps are appropriately performed (e.g., by the LeBlanc U.S. Patent
`
`6,236,365):
`
`Please replace the paragraph beginning on page 12, line 28 has been replaced with . the following
`
`paragraph:
`
`( 4.3)
`
`providing the composite signal characteristic values to one or more MS location hypothesizing
`
`computational models (also denoted herein as "first order models" and also "location estimating
`
`models"), wherein each such model subsequently determines one or more initial estimates of the location
`
`of the target MS based on, for example, the signal processing techniques 2.1 through 2.3 above.
`
`Moreover, each of the modelsoutput MS location.estimates having substantially identical data structures
`
`(each·such data structure. denoted a "location hypothesis''). Additionally, each location hypothesis may
`
`also include a confidence value indicating the likelihood·or probability that the target MS whose location
`
`is desired resides in a corresponding location estimate for the target MS;
`
`Please replace the paragraph beginning on page 13, line 14 with the following paragraph:
`
`Referring now to ( 4.3) above, the filtered and aggregated wireless signal characteristic values are
`
`provided to a number of location hypothesizing models (denoted First Order Models, or FOMs), each of
`
`which yields a location estimate or location hypothesis rel~ted to_the location of the target MS. In
`
`particular, there are location hypotheses for both providing estimates of where the target MS is likely to
`
`be and where the target MS is not likely to be. Moreover, it is an aspect of the present invention that
`
`confidence values of the location hypotheses are provided as a continuous range of real numbers from,
`
`e.g., -1 to 1, wherein the most unlikely areas for locating the target MS are given a confidence value of -1,
`
`7 ofl33
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`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1004 Page 8
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`

`
`: ·
`Application Serial No.: 09/770,838
`Document.~ "PreliminaryAmendment"
`
`and the most likely areas for locating the target MS are given a confidence value of 1. That is, confidence
`
`· values that are larger indicate a higher likelihood that the target MS is in the corresponding MS estimated
`
`area, wherein -1 indicates that the target MS is absolutely NOT in the estimated area, 0 indicates a
`
`substantially neutral or unknown likelihood of the target MS being in the corresponding estimated area,
`
`. and 1 indicates that the target MS is absolutely within the corresponding estimated area.
`
`Please replace the paragraph beginning on page 15, line 22 with the following paragraph:
`
`It is a further aspect of the present invention that the personal communication system (PCS)
`
`infrastructures currently being developed by telecommunication providers offer an appropriate localized
`
`infrastructure base upon which to build various personal location systems (PLS) employing the present
`
`invention and/or utilizing the techniques disclosed herein. In particular, the present invention is
`
`especially suitable for the location of people and/or objects using code division multiple access (CDMA)
`
`wireless infrastructures, although other wireless infrastructures, such as, time division multiple access
`
`(TDMA) infrastructures and GSM are also contemplated. Note that CDMA personal communications
`
`systems are described in the Telephone Industries Association standard IS-95, for frequencies below 1
`
`GHz, and in the Wideband Spread- Spectrum Digital Cellular System Dual-Mode Mobile Station-Base
`
`Station Compatibility Standard, for frequencies in the 1.8-1.9 GHz frequency bands, both of which are
`
`incorporated herein by reference. Furthermore, CDMA general principles have also been described, for
`
`example, in U.S. Patent 5,109,390, to Gilhausen, et al, filed November 7, 1989, and CDMA Network
`
`Engineering Handbook by Qualcomm, Inc., each of which is also incorporated herein by reference.
`
`The paragraph beginning on page 16, line 6 has been replaced with the following paragraph:
`
`As mentioned in the discussion of . classification FOMs above, the present invention can
`
`substantially automatically retrain and/or recalibrate itself to compensate for variations in Wireless signal
`
`characteristics (e.g., multipath) due to environmental and/or topographic changes to a geographic area
`
`serviced by the present invention. For example, in one embodiment, the present invention optionally
`
`includes low cost, low power base stations, denoted location base stations (LBS) above, providing, for
`
`example, CDMA pilot channels to a very limited area about each such LBS. The location base stations ·
`
`may provide limited voice traffic capabilities, but each is· capable of gathering sufficient wireless signal
`
`characteristics from an MS within the location base stati01i' s range to facilitate locating the MS. Thus, by
`
`positioning the location base stations at known locations in a geographic region such as, for instance, on
`
`street lamp poles and road signs, additional MS location accuracy can be obtained. That is, due to the low
`
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`Application Serial No.: 091770,838 ·
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`
`power signal output by such location base stations, for there to be signaling control communication (e.g.,
`
`pilot signaling and other control signals) between a location base station and a target MS, the MS must be
`
`relatively near the location base station. Additionally, for each location base station not in
`
`communication with the target MS, it is likely that the MS is not near to this location base station. Thus,
`
`by utilizing information received from both location base stations in communication with the target MS
`
`and those that are not in communication with the target MS, ~e present invention can substantially
`
`narrow the possible geographic areas within which the target MS is likely to be. Further, by providing
`
`each location base station (LBS) with a co-located stationary wireless transceiver (denoted a built-in MS
`
`above) having similar functionality to an MS, the following advantages are provided:
`
`Please replace the paragraph beginning on page 17, line 12 with the following paragraph:
`
`It is also an aspect of the present invention to automatically (re)calibrate as m (6.3) above with
`signal characteristics from other known or verified locations. In one embodiment of the present invention,
`
`portable location verifying electronics are provided so that when such electronics are sufficiently near a
`
`located target MS, the electronics: (i) detect the proximity of the target MS; (ii) determine a highly
`
`reliable measurement of the location of the target MS; (iii) provide this measurement to other location
`
`determining components of the present invention so that the location measurementcan be associated and
`
`archived with related signal characteristic data received ~om the target MS at the location where the
`
`location measurement is performed. Thus, the use of such portable location verifying electronics allows
`
`the present invention to capture and utilize signal characteristic data from verified, substantially random
`
`locations for location system calibration as in ( 6.3) above. Moreover, it is important to note that such
`location verifying electronics can verify locations automatically wherein it is unnecessary for manual
`
`activation of a location verifying process.
`
`Please replace the paragraph beginning on page 18, lin~ 6 with the following paragraph:
`
`Furthermore, a mobile location base station includes modules for integrating or reconciling
`
`distinct mobile location base station location estimates that, for example, can be obtained using the
`
`components and devices of (7 .1) through (7 .4) above. That is, location estimates for the mobile location
`
`base station may be obtained from: GPS satellite data, mobile location base station data provided by the
`
`location processing center, deadreckoning data obtained from the mobile location base station vehicle
`
`deadreckoning devices, and location data manually input by an operator of the mobile location base
`
`station.
`
`9 of133
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`

`
`Application Serial No.: 091770,838
`Document: "Preliminary Amendment"
`
`Please replace the paragraph beginning on page 18, line 11 with the following paragraph:
`
`The location estimating system of the present invention offers many advantages over existing
`
`location systems. The system of the present invention, for example, is readily adaptable to existing
`
`wireless communication systems and can accurately locate people and/or objects in a cost effective
`
`manner. In particular, the present invention requires few, if any, modifications to commercial wireless
`
`communication systems for implementation. Thus, existing personal communication system
`
`infrastructure base stations and other components of, for example, commercial COMA infrastructures are
`
`readily adapted to the present invention. The present invention can be used to locate people and/or
`
`objects that are not in the line-of-sight of a wireless receiver or transmitter, can reduce the detrimental
`
`effects of multi path on the accuracy of the location estimate, can potentially locate people and/or objects
`
`located indoors as well as outdoors, and uses a number of wireless stationary transceivers for location.
`
`The present invention employs a number of distinctly different location computational models for
`
`location which provides a greater degree ofaccuracy, robustness and versatility than is possible with
`
`existing systems. For instance, the location models provided include not only the radius-radius/TO A and
`
`TDOA techniques but also adaptive artificial neural net techniques. Further, the present invention is able
`
`to adapt to the topography of an area in which location service is desired. The present invention is also
`
`able to adapt to environmental changes substantially as frequently as desired. Thus, the present invention
`
`is able to take into account changes in the location topography over time without extensive manual data
`
`manipulation. Moreover, the present invention can be utilized with varying amounts of signal
`
`measurement inputs. Thus, if a location estimate is desired in a very short time interval (e.g., less than
`approximately one to two seconds), then the present location estimating system can be used with only as
`
`·much signal measurement data as is possible to acquire during an initial portion of this time interval.
`
`Subsequently, after a greater amount of signal measurement data has been acquired, additional more
`
`accurate location estimates may be obtained. Note that thi~ capability can be useful in the context of911
`
`emergency response in that a first quick coarse wireless mobile station location estimate can be used to
`
`route a 911 call from the mobile station to a 911 emergency response center that has responsibility for the
`
`area containing the mobile station and the 911 caller. Subsequently, once the 911 call has been routed
`
`according to this frrst quick location estimate, by continuing to receive additional wireless signal
`
`measurements, more reliable and accurate location estimates of the mobile station can be obtained.
`
`Please replace the paragraph beginning on page 19, line 5 through page 19, line 19 with the
`
`following paragraph:
`
`10 of 133
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`

`
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`
`At a more general level, it is an aspect of the present invention to demonstrate the utilization of
`
`various novel computational paradigms such as:
`
`(8.1) providing a multiple hypothesis computational architecture (as illustrated best in Figs. 8) wherein
`
`the hypotheses are:
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`(8.1.1) generated by modular independent hypothesizing computational models;
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`(8.1.2) the models are embedded in the computational architecture in a manner wherein the
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`architecture allows for substantial amounts of application specific processing common or generic to a
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`piurality of the models to be straightforwardly incorporated into the computational architecture;
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`(8.1.3) the computational architecture enhances the hypotheses generated by the models both
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`according to past performance of the models and according to application specific constraints and
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`heuristics without requiring feedback loops for adjusting the models;
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`(8.1.4) the models are relatively easily integrated into, modified and extracted from the
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`computational architecture;
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`(8.2)
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`providing a computational paradigm for enhancing an initial estimated solution to a problem by
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`using this initial estimated solution as, effectively, a query or index into an historical data base of
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`previous solution estimates and corresponding actual solutions for deriving an enhanced solution estimate
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`based on past performance of the module that generated the initial estimated solution.
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`Please replace the paragraph beginning on page 20, line 19 with the following paragraph:
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`In other embodiments of the present invention, a fast, albeit less accurate location estimate may
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`be initially performed for very time critical location applications where approximate location information
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`may be required. For example, less than 1 second response for a mobile station location embodiment of
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`the present invention may be desired for911 emergency response location requests. Subsequently, once a
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`relatively coarse location estimate has been provided, a more accurate most likely location estimate can
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`be performed by repeating the location estimation processing a second time with, e.g., additional with
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`measurements of wireless signals transmitted between a mobile station to be located and a network of
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`base stations with which the mobile station is communicating, thus providing a second, more accurate
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`location estimate of the mobile station.
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`Please replace the paragraph beginning on page 21, line 1 with the following paragraph:
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`11 of 133
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`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1004 Page 12
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`

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`Application Serial No.: 091770,838
`Document: "Preliminary Amendment"
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`Note that in some embodiments of the present invention, since there is a lack of sequencing
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`.
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`.
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`. between the FOMs and subsequent processing of location hypotheses, the FOMs can be incorporated into
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`an expert system, if desired. For example, each FOM may be activated from an antecedent of an expert
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`system rule. Thus, the antecedent for such a rule can evaluate to TRUE if the FOM outputs a location
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`hypothesis, and the consequent portion of such a rule may put the output location hypothesis on a list of
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`location hypotheses occurring in a particular time window for subs~quent processing by the location
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`center. Alternatively, activation of the FOMs may be in the consequents of such expert system rule