III III 0 II0 II0 III I0I 0II 100 III I0 III II 0I II
`
`US007525484B2
`
`(12) United States Patent
`Dupray et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.: (cid:9)
`(45) Date of Patent: (cid:9)
`
`US 7,525,484 B2
`Apr. 28, 2009
`
`(54) GATEWAY AND HYBRID SOLUTIONS FOR
`WIRELESS LOCATION
`(75) Inventors: Dennis J. Dupray, Denver, CO (US);
`Charles L. Karr, Tuscaloosa, AL (US)
`(73) Assignee: TracBeam LLC, Golden, CO (US)
`(*) Notice: (cid:9)
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 72 days.
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/770,838
`(22) Filed: (cid:9)
`Jan. 26, 2001
`(65) (cid:9)
`Prior Publication Data
`
`Sep. 20, 2001
`US 2001/0022558 Al (cid:9)
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(51)
`
`(63) Continuation of application No. 09/194,367, filed as
`application No. PCT/U597/15892 on Sep. 8, 1997.
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/056,590, filed on Aug.
`20, 1997, provisional application No. 60/044,821,
`filed on Apr. 25, 1997, provisional application No.
`60/025,855, filed on Sep. 9, 1996.
`Int. Cl.
`G01S 3/02 (cid:9)
`(2006.01)
`(52) U.S. Cl . ....................................... 342/450; 342/457
`(58) Field of Classification Search ............ 342/357.01,
`342/357.06, 450, 453, 463-465, 457; 455/456,
`455/457, 456.2, 456.6
`See application file for complete search history.
`References Cited
`
`(56) (cid:9)
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`3,646,580 A (cid:9)
`
`2/1972 Fuller et al .................... 325/53
`(Continued)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`EP (cid:9)
`
`9/1985
`0 177 203 A2 (cid:9)
`(Continued)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Lepkofker; U.S. Appl. No. 08/246,149 Entitled Individual Location
`System; May 19, 1994.
`
`Primary Examiner Dao L Phan
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm Dennis J. Dupray
`
`(57) (cid:9)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A location system is disclosed for commercial wireless tele-
`communication infrastructures. The system is an end-to-end
`solution having one or more location centers for outputting
`requested locations of commercially available handsets or
`mobile stations (MS) based on, e.g., CDMA, AMPS, NAMPS
`or TDMA communication standards, for processing both
`local MS location requests and more global MS location
`requests via, e.g., Internet communication between a distrib-
`uted network of location centers. The system uses a plurality
`of MS locating technologies including those based on: (1)
`two-way TOA and TDOA; (2) pattern recognition; (3) dis-
`tributed antenna provisioning; and (4) supplemental informa-
`tion from various types of very low cost non-infrastructure
`base stations for communicating via a typical commercial
`wireless base station infrastructure or a public telephone
`switching network. Accordingly, the traditional MS location
`difficulties, such as multipath, poor location accuracy and
`poor coverage are alleviated via such technologies in combi-
`nation with strategies for: (a) automatically adapting and
`calibrating system performance according to environmental
`and geographical changes; (b) automatically capturing loca-
`tion signal data for continual enhancement of a self-maintain-
`ing historical data base retaining predictive location signal
`data; (c) evaluating MS locations according to both heuristics
`and constraints related to, e.g., terrain, MS velocity and MS
`path extrapolation from tracking and (d) adjusting likely MS
`locations adaptively and statistically so that the system
`becomes progressively more comprehensive and accurate.
`Further, the system can be modularly configured for use in
`location signaling environments ranging from urban, dense
`urban, suburban, rural, mountain to low traffic or isolated
`roadways. Accordingly, the system is useful for 911 emer-
`gency calls, tracking, routing, people and animal location
`including applications for confinement to and exclusion from
`certain areas.
`
`(Continued)
`
`77 Claims, 62 Drawing Sheets
`
`~TION CENTER 142
`.00ATION ENGINE 139
`
`1232
`
`ION (cid:9)
`LOC (cid:9)
`INFORMATION
`DATA BASES
`
`HYPOTH• ENGINE 1382
`(FIRST
`NODELS
`t4
`
`HESIS EVALUATOR 1228
`ST LIKELY" LOCATION
`HESIS DETERMINATION)
`OUTPUT GATEWAY
`uccc I FOR DESIGNATED
`LOCATION
`APPLICATIONS
`
`1356
`
`...........
`
`Apple, Inc. Exhibit 1001 Page 1
`
`

`
`US 7,525,484 B2
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
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`
`Apple, Inc. Exhibit 1001 Page 2
`
`

`
`US 7,525,484 B2
`Page 3
`
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`7/1998 Murphy (cid:9) ...................... 340/947
`7/1998 Smith et al .................... 395/50
`7/1998 Gray et al . (cid:9)
`.................. 455/456
`8/1998 Wang et al . (cid:9)
`................. 455/435
`8/1998 Tognazzini (cid:9)
`................. 701/204
`8/1998 Onweller (cid:9) .................... 370/401
`9/1998 Goshay et al . (cid:9)
`............. 455/31.2
`9/1998 Karaev et al . (cid:9)
`.................. 707/9
`9/1998 Pons et al . (cid:9)
`.................... 379/45
`9/1998 Rossmann (cid:9)
`..................455 /422
`
`5,815,417 A
`5,815,538 A
`5,815,814 A
`RE35,916 E
`5,819,273 A
`5,819,301 A
`5,822,539 A
`5,832,367 A
`5,835,857 A
`5,835,907 A
`5,838,562 A
`5,842,130 A
`5,844,522 A
`5,845,198 A
`5,845,267 A
`5,857,181 A
`5,864,313 A
`5,864,755 A
`5,867,495 A
`5,867,799 A
`5,870,029 A
`5,872,539 A
`5,873,040 A
`5,873,076 A
`5,875,394 A
`5,875,401 A
`5,883,598 A
`5,890,068 A
`5,892,441 A
`5,893,091 A
`5,895,436 A
`5,901,358 A
`5,903,844 A
`5,905,455 A
`5,906,655 A
`5,913,170 A
`5,914,675 A
`5,917,405 A
`5,917,449 A
`5,917,866 A
`5,920,873 A
`5,924,090 A
`5,926,133 A
`5,933,421 A
`5,933,822 A
`5,936,572 A
`5,943,014 A
`5,945,948 A
`5,949,815 A
`5,952,969 A
`5,959,568 A
`5,963,866 A
`5,966,658 A
`5,969,673 A
`5,973,643 A
`5,977,913 A
`5,978,840 A
`5,982,324 A
`5,982,891 A
`5,983,214 A
`5,987,329 A
`5,999,124 A
`5,999,126 A
`6,009,334 A
`6,014,102 A
`6,026,304 A
`6,028,551 A
`6,029,161 A
`6,031,490 A
`6,034,635 A
`6,038,668 A
`6,046,683 A
`6,047,192 A
`
`9/1998 Orr et al.
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`9/1998 Grell et al. (cid:9)
`9/1998 Dennison et al............. 455/456
`10/1998 Dennison et al............. 455/456
`10/1998 Vora et al . (cid:9)
`.................... 707/10
`10/1998 Rowe et al. (cid:9)
`................. 707/513
`10/1998 Van Hoff (cid:9) ............... 395/200.66
`11/1998 Bamburak et al. (cid:9)
`............ 455/62
`11/1998 Often (cid:9)
`......................... 455/410
`11/1998 Newman (cid:9)
`..................... 707/10
`11/1998 Gudat et al. (cid:9)
`........... 364/424.02
`11/1998 Oprescu-Surcobe etal. 455/456
`12/1998 Sheffer et al................ 342/457
`12/1998 Bamburak et al. (cid:9)
`......... 455/31.1
`12/1998 Ronen (cid:9) ......................... 705/40
`1/1999 Augenbraun et al............ 707/2
`1/1999 Speck et al.
`1/1999 King et al. (cid:9)
`.................. 455/404
`2/1999 Elliott et al. (cid:9)
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`2/1999 Lang et al. (cid:9)
`..................... 707/1
`2/1999 Otto et al . (cid:9)
`.............. 340/825.36
`2/1999 Mullen (cid:9) ....................... 342/357
`2/1999 Dunn et al. (cid:9)
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`2/1999 Barr et al. (cid:9)
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`2/1999 Daly et al . (cid:9)
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`2/1999 Rochkind (cid:9)
`................... 455/466
`3/1999 Parl et al. (cid:9)
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`3/1999 Fattouche et al. (cid:9)
`........... 455/456
`4/1999 Woolley et al. (cid:9)
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`4/1999 Hunt et al. (cid:9)
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`4/1999 Savoie et al.
`5/1999 Petty et al . (cid:9)
`.................. 455/456
`5/1999 Bruckert et al.............. 455/456
`5/1999 Heger et al.................... 342/22
`5/1999 Fan (cid:9) ............................ 701/216
`6/1999 Wortham (cid:9) .................... 455/457
`6/1999 Tognazzini (cid:9)
`................. 340/989
`6/1999 Joao (cid:9) ........................... 340/426
`6/1999 Sanderford et al. (cid:9)
`......... 342/457
`6/1999 Pon (cid:9) ............................ 375/346
`7/1999 Van Huben et al. (cid:9)
`......... 707/202
`7/1999 Krellenstein (cid:9) ................... 707/5
`7/1999 Green, Jr. (cid:9)
`................... 342/363
`8/1999 Alamouti et al ............. 370/330
`8/1999 Braden-Harder et al. ....... (cid:9) 707/5
`8/1999 Loomis et al. (cid:9)
`.............. 342/357
`8/1999 Gilhousen (cid:9) ................... 342/465
`8/1999 Buford et al. (cid:9)
`............... 342/457
`9/1999 Pon (cid:9) ............................ 375/208
`9/1999 Hagerman et al. (cid:9)
`.......... 342/457
`9/1999 Woolley (cid:9)
`...................... 342/42
`10/1999 Palamara et al. (cid:9)
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`10/1999 Kennedy, III et al. (cid:9)
`....... 455/426
`10/1999 Bickley
`10/1999 Hawkes et al............... 342/457
`11/1999 Christ (cid:9)
`........................ 342/465
`11/1999 Nguyen et al. (cid:9)
`.............. 709/217
`11/1999 Wafters et al. (cid:9)
`......... 342/357.06
`11/1999 Ginter et al. (cid:9)
`................... 380/4
`11/1999 Lang et al. (cid:9)
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`11/1999 Yost et al. (cid:9)
`................... 455/456
`12/1999 Sheynblat (cid:9) .............. 342/357.09
`12/1999 Ito (cid:9)
`.......................... 342/357.1
`12/1999 Grubeck et al. (cid:9)
`............. 455/456
`1/2000 Mitzlaff et al............... 342/457
`2/2000 Hilsenrath et al. (cid:9)
`.......... 455/456
`2/2000 Schoen et al................ 342/357
`2/2000 Lang et al. (cid:9)
`..................... 707/1
`2/2000 Forssen et al. (cid:9)
`.............. 342/457
`3/2000 Gilhousen (cid:9) ................... 342/457
`3/2000 Chipman et al. (cid:9)
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`4/2000 Pidwerbetsky et al. . 340/825.54
`4/2000 Maloney et al.............. 455/456
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`Apple, Inc. Exhibit 1001 Page 3
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`

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`US 7,525,484 B2
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`6,064,942 A
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`6,108,555 A
`6,157,621 A
`6,167,274 A
`6,185,427 B1
`6,236,365 B1
`6,240,285 B1
`6,243,587 B1
`6,249,245 B1
`6,249,252 B1
`6,301,463 B1
`6,308,072 B1
`6,321,092 B1
`6,324,404 B1
`6,330,452 B1
`6,381,464 B1
`6,385,541 B1
`6,438,380 B1
`6,549,130 B1
`6,834,195 B2
`6,952,181 B2
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`5/2000 Reichlen (cid:9) ..................... 345/418
`5/2000 Wax et al .................... 342/417
`5/2000 Johnson et al . (cid:9)
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`8/2000 Bergen (cid:9) ....................... 455/456
`8/2000 Beal (cid:9) ........................... 370/336
`8/2000 Jayaraman et al. (cid:9)
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`8/2000 Ishizuka et al . (cid:9)
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`8/2000 Maloney et al .............. 455/456
`12/2000 Brown et al ................. 370/310
`12/2000 Smith (cid:9) ......................... 455/456
`2/2001 Krasner et al . (cid:9)
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`5/2001 LeBlanc et al . (cid:9)
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`5/2001 Blum et al . (cid:9)
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`6/2001 Dent et al . (cid:9)
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`6/2001 Watters et al. (cid:9)
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`6/2001 Dupray (cid:9) ....................... 342/450
`10/2001 Dao et al.
`10/2001 Labedz et al ................ 455/448
`11/2001 Fitch et al . (cid:9)
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`11/2001 Dennison et al ............. 455/456
`12/2001 Fattouche et al. (cid:9)
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`4/2002 Vannucci (cid:9) .................... 455/456
`5/2002 Blumberg et al.
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`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`GB
`GB
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
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`0 546 758 A2
`0 689 369 Al
`0 870 203 B1
`0 923 817
`0 811 296 B 1
`1 605 207
`2 155 720 A
`W093/04453
`W094/01978
`W094/27161
`W094/11853
`W094/15412
`95/03598
`95/07251
`W096/14588
`W096/20542
`W097/01228
`W097/22888
`W097/24010
`W097/26750
`W097/38540
`W097/41654
`W097/50002
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`W098/10307
`WO 98/14018
`W098/14018
`PCT/US01/17957
`WO 01/44998 A2
`WO 01/95642
`WO 02/065250 A2
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`12/1997
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