PATENT APPLICATION
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`Group Art Unit: 3662
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`Examiner: PHAN, DAO LINDA
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`AMENDMENT AND RESPONSE
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`Express Mail Label: EV331284447US
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`In Re the Application of:
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`DUPRAY et al.
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`Serial No.: 10/262,413
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`Filed: September 30, 2003
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`Atty. File No.: 1003-2
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`For:
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`"WIRELESS LOCATION USING
`MULTIPLE SIMULTANEOUS
`LOCATION ESTIMATORS"
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`Commissioner of Patents
`P.O. Box 1450
`Alexandria, Virginia 22313-1450
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`Dear Sir:
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`This Amendment and Response is filed in response to the Office Action mailed on
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`September 9, 2003. A request for a three-month extension of time is enclosed, to extend the time
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`for response from December 9, 2003 to March 9, 2004, along with a check in the amount of
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`$475.00.
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`Applicants previously paid for 86 total claims (including 9 independent claims). With
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`this Amendment and Response, Applicants now have 60 total pending claims, including two
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`independent claims. Accordingly, it is believed that no additional fees are due with this
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`Amendment and Response beyond those due for a three month extension. Please contact the
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`undersigned Applicant if additional fees are due.
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`Express Mail Label No.: EL331284447US
`Document: "Amendment and Response"
`Serial No. 101262,413
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`IN THE SPECIFICATION:
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`Please change the title of the present application as follows:
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`"GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION USING MULTIPLE LOCATION ESTIMATORS".
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`Please amend the paragraph at page 19, lines 5-19 as follows. Note, this paragraph has
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`been amended once before, and the previous amendment is included (unmarked) herein.
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`At a more general level, it is an aspect of the present invention to demonstrate the
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`utilization of various novel computational paradigms such as:
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`(8.1) providing a multiple hypothesis computational architecture (as illustrated best in Figs. 8
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`and/or Fig. 13) wherein the hypotheses are:
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`(8 .1.1) generated by modular independent hypothesizing computational models;
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`(8.1.2) the models are embedded in.the computational architecture in a manner wherein
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`the architecture allows for substantial amounts of application specific processing common or
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`generic to a plurality of the models to be straightforwardly incorporated into the computational
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`architecture;
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`(8.1.3) the computational architecture enhances the hypotheses generated by the models
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`both according to past performance of the models and according to application specific
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`constraints and heuristics without requiring feedback loops for adjusting the models;
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`(8.1.4) the models are relatively easily integrated into, modified and extracted from the
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`computational architecture;
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`(8.2)
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`providing a computational paradigm for enhancing an initial estimated solution to a
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`problem by using this initial estimated solution as, effectively, a query or index into an historical
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`data base of previous solution estimates and corresponding actual solutions for deriving an
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`enhanced solution estimate based on past performance of the module that generated the initial
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`estimated solution.
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`Express Mail Label No.: EL331284447US
`Document: "Amendment and Response"
`Serial No. 101262,413
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`IN THE CLAIMS:
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`Please cancel Claims 1 through 138.
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`Please enter the following new. claims 139-198.
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`139. (New)
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`A method for locating communication devices in communication wit~ a
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`communications network having a plurality of geographically dispersed network communication
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`components operably connected together for communicating with the communication devices,
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`comprising:
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`5
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`performing the steps (1) and (2) following for locating each communication device (CD)
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`of the various ones of the communication devices, wherein each one of a plurality of location
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`determiners is used for determining corresponding geographic location information for locating
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`each communication device of various ones of the communication devices, and wherein at least a
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`first and a second of the location determiners utilize a different geographic location process from
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`10
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`the other, such that (Al) and (A2) following hold:
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`20
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`25
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`(Al) for at least one actual geographic location (L) of at least one of the
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`communication devices, a difference between the first location determiner
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`and the second location determiner includes.one or more processing steps
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`that result in a geographical location or extent such that (Al-1) and (Al-2)
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`following hold:
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`(Al-1)
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`an identification of a potential geographic location of L, output
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`by the first location determiner, is substantially dependent upon
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`an instance of the geographical location or extent resulting from
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`performing the one or more processing steps, and an
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`identification of a potential geographic location of L, output by
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`the second location determiner, is not substantially dependent
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`upon an instance of the geographical location or extent resulting
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`from performing the one or more processing steps, and
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`(Al-2))
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`the one or more processing steps are used by the first location
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`determiner for locating communication devices in a plurality of
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`geographically spaced apart locations; and
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`Express Mail Label No.: EL331284447US
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`Serial No. 101262,413
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`(A2) for at least one actual geographical location of at least one of the
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`communication devices, neither of (A2-l) and (A2-2) following
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`substantially affects a determining of the other:
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`30
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`(A2-l)
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`a first identification of a potential first geographic location or
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`geographic extent output by the first location determiner, and
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`(A2-2)
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`a second identification of a potential second geographic location
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`or geographic extent output by the second location determiner;
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`( 1) obtaining, from each of one or more of the location determiners, corresponding output
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`35
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`geographic location information for locating CD when the one or more location determiners are
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`each provided with a corresponding input of geolocation indicative data from transmissions
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`between the communication device CD and at least one of the network communication
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`components, wherein the corresponding output geographic location information for at least one of
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`the location determiners includes one or more geographic identifications, each geographic
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`40
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`identification representing at least one of: a potential geographic location and a potential
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`geographic extent for an actual location of CD;
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`(2) providing resulting geographic location information of the communication device
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`CD, wherein said resulting location information is obtained by accessing, for each of the one or
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`more of the location determiners, its corresponding output geographic location information;
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`45
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`wherein for at least one instance of locating the communications device CD, a
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`corresponding performance of said steps of obtaining and providing includes performing at least
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`two of (Bl) through (B4) following:
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`(Bl) for at least two of the geographic identifications (GI1 and GI2) for CD,
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`obtained, in said obtaining step, from different ones of the location
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`determiners, a step of at least one of: combining, or resolving, GI1 (or
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`location data derived therefrom) and GI2 (or location data derived therefrom)
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`so that said resulting geographic location information is dependent on each of
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`(B2) for each of at least two of the geographic identifications (GI3 and GLi) for
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`CD, obtained from different corresponding ones of the location determiners,
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`a step of obtaining a corresponding rating value for each of Gl3 (or location
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`Serial No. 101262,413
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`data derived therefrom), and Gl4 (or location data derived therefrom),
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`wherein said rating values are indicative of relative expected performances of
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`the different corresponding location determiners in locating the
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`communication devices, and wherein each corresponding rating value is
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`determined after its corresponding geographic identification is identified by
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`its location determiner;
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`(B3) for each of at least two of the geographic identifications (Gls and Gl6) for
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`CD, obtained from different corresponding ones of the location determiners,
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`a step of selecting one of: Gls (or location data derived therefrom), and GI6
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`(or location data derived therefrom), for receiving a preference in
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`determining said resulting geographic location information; and
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`(B4) obtaining information indicative of a reliability of at least one geographic
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`identification (Gl7) of CD from one of the one or more location determiners,
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`wherein the reliability represents a likelihood that CD is within the potential
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`geographic location or the potential geographic extent identified by Gl7, and
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`wherein the reliability is determined after the at least one geographic
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`identification is obtained from its location determiner.
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`140.(New)
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`The method of Claim 139, wherein the one or more location determiners
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`includes each of the first and second location determiners, and the corresponding output
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`geographic location information for each of the first and second location determiners includes at
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`least one geographic identification.
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`141. (New)
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`The method of Claim 140, wherein at least one of the steps (Bl), (B2),
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`and (B3) uses a geographic identification (or corresponding location data derived therefrom) from
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`each of the first and second location determiners.
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`142.(New)
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`The method of Claim 140, wherein at least one step of said steps (B2)
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`and (B4) is performed, and said at least one step includes a step of changing: (i) one of the rating
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`values, or (ii) the information indicative of a reliability to indicate a different likelihood that CD
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`Express Mail Label No.: EL331284447US
`Document: "Amendment and Response"
`Serial No. 101262,413
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`values, or (ii) the information indicative of a reliability to indicate a different likelihood that CD
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`is within the potential geographic location or the potential geographic extent represented by Gl7.
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`143. (New)
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`The method of Claim 140, wherein there is two-way communication
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`between the communications device CD and the network.
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`144. (New)
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`The method of Claim 140, wherein for locating, at each of a plurality of
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`substantially different geographical locations, one of the plurality of communication devices
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`(CDj), at least one of the first and second location determiners is dependent upon an output from
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`a predetermined pattern detection process, wherein the predetermined pattern detection process
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`5
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`detects a pattern in a communication between the communication device CD1 and the network.
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`145. (New)
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`The method of Claim 144, wherein for locating, at each of a plurality of
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`substantially different geographical locations, one of the various communication devices (CDk.),
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`at least one of the one or more location determiners is dependent upon an output from an
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`encoding of a geographic distance determining equation.
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`146. (New)
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`The method of Claim 145, wherein said step (1) of obtaining includes
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`obtaining, from at least one of the one or more location determiners, corresponding output
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`geographic location information having a representation of a predetermined geographic coverage
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`area for one of the network components.
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`147.(New)
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`The method of Claim 140, wherein for locating, at each of a plurality of
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`substantially different geographical locations, one of the various communication devices (CDiJ,
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`at least one of the first and second location determiners is dependent upon an output from a
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`predetermined process that determines a direction of communication between the communication
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`5
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`device CD and one or more of the network components.
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`148.(New)
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`The method of Claim 147, wherein at least one of the one or more
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`location determiners determines a geographic distance between the communication device CD
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`and one of the network components.
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`Express Mail Label No.: EL331284447US
`Document: "Amendment and Response"
`Serial No. 101262,413
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`149.(New)
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`The method of Claim 140, wherein the second location determiner does
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`not perform the one or more processing steps for determining an estimate of the actual geographic
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`location, L, of the at least one communication device.
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`150.(New)
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`The method of Claim 140, wherein for locating at least one of the various
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`communication devices, one of the first and second location determiners uses a result from an
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`encoding of a geographic distance determining equation, and the other of the first and second
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`location determiners does not use a result from the encoding.
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`151.(New)
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`The method of Claim 140, wherein each of the plurality of
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`communication devices has an assigned identifier used by the communications network for
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`communicating with the communication device.
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`152.(New)
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`The method of Claim 140, wherein for locating at least one of the various
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`communication devices, one of the first and second location determiners is not dependent upon
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`accessing a data store of geographically related information obtained from previously locating
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`other ones of the communication devices different from the communication device CD.
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`153.(New)
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`The method of Claim 140, further including a step ofrequesting the
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`corresponding output geographic location information from at least one of the one or more
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`location determiners.
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`154.(New)
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`The method of Claim 15 3, wherein said requesting step includes
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`transmitting a request on the Internet.
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`155.(New)
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`The method of Claim 140, wherein for locating at least one of the various
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`communication devices, the corresponding input is different to each of the first and second
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`location determiners.
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`156.(New)
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`The method of Claim 139, wherein the one or more location determiners
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`includes at least one of the first and second location determiners, and the corresponding output
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`Express Mail label No.: EL331284447US
`Document: "Amendment and Response"
`Serial No. 101262,413
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`geographic location information for the at least one of the first and second location determiners
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`includes at least one geographic identification.
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`157.(New)
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`The method of Claim 156, wherein there are at least three location
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`determiners in the plurality of location determiners.
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`158.(New)
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`The method of Claim 156, wherein there are at least four location
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`determiners in the plurality of location determiners, and corresponding geographic location
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`identification from each of the four location determiners are used in determining the resulting
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`geographic location information;
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`wherein for each pair of the at least four location determiners, the conditions (Al) and
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`(A2) hold when the location determiners of the pair replace the first and second location
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`determiners in the conditions (Al) and (A21).
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`159.(New)
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`The method of Claim 156, wherein for an actual geographical location
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`(Li) of at least one of the communication devices ( CDi) located according to the obtaining and
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`providing steps (1) and (2), at least one location determiner (LD) of the one or more location
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`determiners outputs a representation of a potential geographical location or potential geographic
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`5
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`extent that is determined by determining a geolocation of CDi different from a predetermined
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`geographic area associated with a network communication component (CC) detecting a
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`communication with CDi; and
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`wherein for locating other ones of the communication devices communicating with the
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`component CC from locations different from Li, the at least one location determiner LD outputs
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`10
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`an identification of a potential geographical location or geographic extent that is different from
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`the predetermined geographic area.
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`160.(New)
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`The method of Claim 159, wherein for locating at least some of the
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`various communication devices, each at a substantially different geographic location, the location
`determiner LD is dependent upon an output from an implementation of a predetermined equation,
`wherein the implementation is used by the location determiner LD for locating each of the at least
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`5
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`some communication devices in the plurality of geographically different locations, wherein for
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`each communication device (CDk) of the at least some communication devices, the
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`implementation of the predetermined equation determines one of: a geographical distance, and a
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`geographical direction for CDk using geolocation indicative data from transmissions between the
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`communication device CDk and at least one of the network communication components.
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`161. (New)
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`The method of Claim 160, wherein the one or more location determiners
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`includes each of the first and second location determiners, and the corresponding output
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`geographic location information for each of the first and second location determiners includes at
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`least one geographic identification.
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`162.(New)
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`The method of Claim 156, wherein for locating, at substantially different
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`geographic locations {Lk), each communication device (CDk) of at least some of the various
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`communication devices, there is at least one location determiner (LD), of the one or more
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`location determiners, whose corresponding output geographic location information, for CDk at
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`5
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`Lk, is dependent upon an output from a predetermined pattern detection process.
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`163.(New)
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`The method of Claim 162, wherein for each communication device
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`(CDk), the predetermined pattern detection process determines a similarity between (a) and (b)
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`following:
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`10
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`(a)
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`data obtained from a transmission between the communication device CDk and
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`at least one of the network communication components, wherein said data is at
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`least is at least indicative of a geographic location indicative, and
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`(b)
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`known data, wherein the known data is obtained from: for each of a plurality of
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`geographical locations, (i) and (ii) following: (i) an identification of the
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`geographical location, and (ii) for the geographical location, corresponding
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`geographical related information indicative of communications between at least
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`one of the communication devices approximately at the geographical location,
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`and one or more network components.
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`Express Mail Label No.: EL331284447US
`Document: "Amendment and Response"
`Serial No. 101262,413
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`164. (New)
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`The method of Claim 163, wherein for each of the geographical
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`locations, the corresponding geographical related information is obtained from one of the
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`plurality of communication devices being approximately at the geographical location.
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`165.(New)
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`The method of Claim 163, wherein the similarity is used to determine
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`one of the geographic identifications of one of the output geographic location information
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`obtained in said step of obtaining.
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`166. (New)
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`The method of Claim 165, wherein the one or more location determiners
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`includes each of the first and second location determiners.
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`167. (New)
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`The method of Claim 156, wherein for locating, at each location (Lk) of
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`a plurality of substantially different geographic locations, a different one of the communication
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`devices (CDk) of the various communication devices wherein CDk is an instance of CD, there is
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`at least one geographic identification (or location data derived therefrom), for CDk at Lk, having
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`a confidence factor associated therewith, said confidence factor indicative of at least one of: a
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`rating value in step (B2), and a reliability in step (B4).
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`168. (New)
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`The method of Claim 167, further including determining the confidence
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`factor by correlating at least one attribute of a communication between CDk and the network with
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`known data indicative of actual geographic locations.
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`169. (New)
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`The method of Claim 168, wherein the one or more location determiners
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`includes each of the first and second location determiners, and for each of the corresponding
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`output geographic location information from the first and second location determiners, at least a
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`corresponding geographic identification is used in one of the steps (Bl), (B2), (B3), and (B4).
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`5
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`170.(New)
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`The method of Claim 167, wherein said providing step (2) includes
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`changing the confidence factor to account for additional information related to a likelihood that
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`CDk is located by the at least one geographic identification (or location data derived therefrom).
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`Express Mail Label No.: EL331284447US
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`Serial No. 101262,413
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`171. (New)
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`The method of Claim 167, wherein at least one step of said steps (B2)
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`and (B4) is performed, and said at least one step includes, for at least one geographic
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`identification, changing one of its rating value or its reliability.
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`172. (New)
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`The method of Claim 167, wherein said step (B 1) of combining or
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`resolving is performed, and includes the combining of a plurality of confidence factors by
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`utilizing weights attributed to each of the plurality of confidence factors.
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`173. (New)
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`The method of Claim 167, wherein the confidence factor is determined
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`as a function of a plurality of confidence values, wherein at least two of the confidence values are
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`each indicative of a likelihood of accurately determining the location Lk of the communication
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`device CDk, and wherein each of the two confidence values relates to a different characteristic of
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`5
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`the communication between the communication device CDk and the network.
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`174.(New)
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`The method of Claim 173, wherein the function includes a weighted sum
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`of at least the two confidence values.
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`175. (New)
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`The method of Claim 156, wherein for locating each communication
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`device (CDk) of at least some of the various communication devices, at substantially different
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`corresponding geographic locations (Lk), said steps of (B 1) and (B2) are performed, and said step
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`of combining or resolving includes determining a confidence for each of one or more geographic
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`locations for CDk, wherein each confidence is determined from a function that is monotonic with
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`monotonic changes in the rating values for the one or more geographic identifications.
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`176.(New)
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`The method of Claim 175, wherein the function includes a linear
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`combination of the rating values for the one or more geographic identifications potentially
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`identifying a location of Lk.
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`Serial No. 101262,413
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`177.(New)
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`The method of Claim 175, further including a step of determining a
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`geographical distance measurement when determining one of the confidences.
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`178.(New)
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`The method of Claim 175, further including a step of determining at least
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`a portion of the resulting location information as a weighted sum of a plurality of the confidences.
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`179. (New)
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`The method of Claim 175, wherein said step of combining or resolving
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`includes filtering out at least one of the geographic identifications (GI), wherein the filtering is
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`dependent upon the corresponding rating value for the at least one geographic identification GI.
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`180.(New)
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`The method of Claim 179, wherein the one or more location determiners
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`includes each of the first and second location determiners, and the corresponding output
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`geographic location information for each of the first and second location determiners includes at
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`least one geographic identification.
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`181. (New)
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`The method of Claim 139, wherein at least three of the steps of (Bl)
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`through (B4) are performed.
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`182.(New)
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`The method of Claim 181, wherein the one or more location determiners
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`includes each of the first and second location determiners, and the corresponding output
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`geographic location information for each of the first and second location determiners includes at
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`least one geographic identification.
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`183.(New)
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`The method of Claim 140, wherein for an actual geographical location
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`(Li) of at least one of the communication devices (CDi), at least one of the first location
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`determiners outputs a representation of a potential geographical location or geographic extent that
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`is determined by determining a geographical location of CDi different from a predetermined
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`geographic area that is:
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`(a)
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`associated with a network communication component, and wherein for most
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`locations in the area, communication devices at the locations are expected to be
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`able to communicate with the network communication component; and
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`(b)
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`output as a representation of a geographical location or geographic extent for a
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`plurality of instances of locating one or more of the communication devices in
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`communication with the network communication component.
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`184. (New)
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`The method of Claim 139, further including at least one of the steps of:
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`adding a location determiner to the plurality of location determiners, modifying one of the
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`location determiners of the plurality of location determiners, and removing one of the location
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`determiners from the plurality of location determiners, wherein substantially no programmed
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`instructions for performing said step of providing are changed.
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`185. (New)
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`The method of Claim 184, wherein for at least one of the steps of adding,
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`modifying, and removing, substantially no programmed instructions for performing said step of
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`obtaining are changed.
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`186.(New)
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`The method of Claim 139, wherein said first location determiner is
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`dependent upon a result from a first location technique included in one of the following (a)
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`through ( e) location technique categories, and for said second location determiner to determine a
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`second location extent or estimate of a location of the communication device CD, said second
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`5
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`estimator is dependent upon a result from a second location technique included in the following
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`(a) through (e) location technique categories:
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`(a)
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`a locus computing technique for determining a geographical extent or location
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`estimate of one of the plurality of communication devices (CDa), wherein input
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`to the locus computing technique includes signal timing measurements of one or
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`more wireless transmissions between the communication device CDa and at least
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`one of the network components (NCa) such that the signal timing measurements
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`are used to compute at least one locus of locations for the communication device
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`CDa, wherein:
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`(al)
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`said signal timing measurements are a function of a signal time delay
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`between the communication device CDa and the network component
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`NCa, said network component NCa being attached to the ground; and
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`Express Mail Label No.: EL33/284447US
`Document: "Amendment and Response"
`Serial No. 101262,413
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`(a2)
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`for obtaining the signal timing measurements, there is at least one
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`wireless communication from the communication device CDa to the
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`network component NCa;
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`(b)
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`a stochastic technique, for determining a geographical extent or location estimate
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`of one of the communication devices ( CDb), said stochastic technique uses a
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`statistical correlation for correlating (b 1) and (b2) following:
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`(b 1)
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`wireless signal related values input to the stochastic technique, wherein
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`the wireless signal related values are obtained from signal
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`measurements of wireless transmissions between the communication
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`device CDb, and one or more of the network components; and
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`(b2)
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`wireless signal data obtained from a plurality of known geographical
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`locations;
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`wherein data is determined that is indicative of a probability that the
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`communication device CDb is within the geographical extent or location estimate
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`determined for the communication device C~;
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`( c)
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`a learning technique, for learning an association, wherein said association is
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`determined by a training process using a plurality of data pairs, each said pair
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`including: first information indicative of a location L of some communication
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`device (CDcL) of the plurality of communication devices, and second information
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`from wireless signal measurements between CDcL and one or more of the
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`network components when CDcL is at the location L,
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`wherein when said learning technique determines a geographical extent or
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`location estimate of one of the plurality of communication devices (CDc), the
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`learning technique uses the association together with input obtained from signal
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`measurements obtained from wireless transmissions between the communication
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`device CDc and at least one of the network components;
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`( d)
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`a pattern recognition location technique for determining a geographical extent or
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`location estimate of a communication device (CDd) by recognizing a pattern
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`Apple, Inc. Exhibit 1033 Page 14
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`

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`Express Mail Label No.: EL331284447US
`Document: "Amendment and Response"
`Serial No. 101262.413
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`45
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`related to an input of signal measurements (SM) of a wireless transmission
`between the communication device cod, and one or more of the network
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`components, wherein said pattern recognition technique estimates a location of
`the communication device cod by comparing (dl) and (d2) following:
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`(dl)
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`( d2)
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`at least one value derived from said signal measurements SM; and
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`data indicative of one or more values of a plurality of predetermined
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`values, wherein each predetermined value is associated with a known
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`corresponding one of a plurality geographic locations, such that each of
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`the predetermined values is derived from communication device
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`wireless signal measurements obtained effectively from the known
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`corresponding geographical location; and
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`(e)
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`a location technique for determining a geographical extent or location estimate of
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`a communication device (COe) by using an input of signal time delay obtained
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`from measurements from signals received at the communication device COe
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`from a wireless transmission by one or more non-terrestrial signal transmitting
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`stations.
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`187. (New)
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`The method of Clam 186, wherein said locus computing technique
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`performs one of a trilateration and a triangulation technique for determining a location estimate of
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`the communication device CD at a site not co-located with the communication device CD.
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`188.(New)
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`The method of Claim 187 wherein for three or more of the network
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`components in communication with the communication device CD, one of: a wireless signal time
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`of arrival, and a wireless signal time difference of arrival between the communication device CD
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`and the three or more network components is obtained, and wherein one of the three or more
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`5
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`network components is NCa.
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`189.(New)
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`The method of Claim 186, wherein when the communication device CD
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`is at a first location, the instance of said first location estimate is used in said providing step (2)
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`for determining the resulting geographic location information, and when the communication
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`Apple, Inc. Exhibit 1033 Page 15
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`

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`Express Mail Label No.: EL331284447US
`Document: "Amendment and Response"
`Serial No. 101262,4 I 3
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`device CD is at a second location, the instance of said second location estimate is used in said
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`providing step (2) for determining the resulting geographic location information.
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`190.(New)
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`The method of Claim 189, wherein said first and second locations are
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`substantially different.
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`191. (New)
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`The method of Claim 189, wherein said first and second locations are
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`substantially identical.
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`192.(New)
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`The method of Claim 186, wherein for one or more of said instances of
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`said first and second location estimates, the communication device CD is an instance of each of
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`the mobile stations CDa, CDb, CDc, CDd, and CDe for the location techniques (a) through (e)
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`used by the one or more of the first and second location determiners.
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`193. (New).
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`The method as claimed in Claim 186, wherein said inputs for said
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`locat