throbber
Trials@uspto.gov
`Tel: 571-272-7822
`
`
`
`
`Paper 9
`Entered: February 4, 2016
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`_______________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`_______________
`
`SAWAI USA, INC. AND SAWAI PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.,
`Petitioners,
`
`v.
`
`NISSAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LTD.,
`Patent Owner.
`____________
`
`Cases IPR2015-01647
`Patent No. 5,856,336 B2
`_______________
`
`Before JACQUELINE WRIGHT BONILLA, SHERIDAN K. SNEDDEN,
`and TINA E. HULSE, Administrative Patent Judges.
`
`SNEDDEN, Administrative Patent Judge.
`
`
`
`
`DECISION
`Denying Institution of Inter Partes Review
`37 C.F.R. § 42.108
`
`
`
`

`

`IPR2015-01647
`Patent 5,856,336 B2
`
`
`I. INTRODUCTION
`
`Sawai USA Inc. and Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (“Petitioner”)
`
`filed a Petition to institute an inter partes review of claims 1 and 2 (Paper 1,
`
`“Pet.”) of U.S. Patent No. 5,856,336 B2 (Ex. 1001, “the ’336 patent”).
`
`Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. (“Patent Owner”) filed a Patent Owner
`
`Preliminary Response. Paper 8 (“Prelim. Resp.”).
`
`Upon consideration of the Petition and Patent Owner Preliminary
`
`Response, we conclude that Petitioner has not established that there is a
`
`reasonable likelihood that it will prevail with respect to at least one of the
`
`challenged claims. For the reasons that follow, we do not institute an inter
`
`partes review.
`
`A. Related Proceedings
`
`The parties inform us of no related litigation between them involving
`
`the ’336 patent. Pet. 56; Paper 4. Concurrent with the filing of the present
`
`Petition, Petitioner also filed a different Petition requesting inter partes
`
`review of claims 12 of the ’336 patent (IPR2015-01648).
`
`B. The ’336 patent (Ex. 1001)
`
`The ’336 patent discloses mevalonolactone derivatives having a
`
`quinoline ring and their use as a pharmaceutical for reducing hyperlipidemia,
`
`hyperlipoproteinemia, or atherosclerosis. Ex. 1001, 1:635. The
`
`compounds are active against the enzyme HMG-CoA (or 3-hydroxy-3-
`
`methylglutaryl-coenzyme A). Id. at Abstract.
`
` 2
`
`
`
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`

`

`IPR2015-01647
`Patent 5,856,336 B2
`
`
`C. Challenged claims
`
`Challenged claims 1 and 2 are reproduced below:
`
`1. A compound of the formula,
`
`
`
`
`Z= —CH(OH)—CH2—CH(OH) —CH2—COO. ½Ca.
`
`2. A method for reducing hyperlipidemia, hyperlipoproteinemia
`or atherosclerosis, which comprises administering an effective
`amount of the compound of formula A as defined in claim 1.
`
`Ex. 1001, 32:2040.
`
`D. Asserted Grounds of Unpatentability
`
`Petitioner challenges claims 1 and 2 of the ’336 patent on the
`
`following ground. Pet. 20–57.
`
`References
`
`Basis
`
`Claim[s] challenged
`
`Picard1 and Kesseler2
`
`§ 103(a)
`
`1 and 2
`
`
`
`
`
`1 Joseph A. Picard et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,761,419, issued Aug. 2, 1988.
`Ex. 1009 (“Picard”).
`
` Kurt Kesseler et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,925,852, issued May 15, 1990.
`Ex. 1010 (“Kesseler”).
`
` 3
`
`
`
` 2
`
`
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`

`

`IPR2015-01647
`Patent 5,856,336 B2
`
`
`Petitioner relies also on the Declaration of Dr. Milton Brown in
`
`support of the proposed ground of unpatentability. Ex. 1012 (“Brown
`
`Declaration” or “Brown Decl.”).
`
`II. ANALYSIS
`
`A. Claim Interpretation
`
`We interpret claims using the “broadest reasonable construction in
`
`light of the specification of the patent in which [they] appear[].” 37 C.F.R.
`
`§ 42.100(b); see also Office Patent Trial Practice Guide, 77 Fed. Reg.
`
`48,756, 48,766 (Aug. 14, 2012); In re Cuozzo Speed Techs., LLC, 793 F.3d
`
`1268, 1278–79 (Fed. Cir. 2015), cert. granted sub nom. Cuozzo Speed
`
`Techs., LLC v. Lee, 84 U.S.L.W. 3218 (U.S. Jan. 15, 2016) (No. 15-446).
`
`Under the broadest reasonable construction standard, claim terms are given
`
`their ordinary and customary meaning, as would be understood by one of
`
`ordinary skill in the art at the time of the invention. In re Translogic Tech.,
`
`Inc., 504 F.3d 1249, 1257 (Fed. Cir. 2007). “Absent claim language
`
`carrying a narrow meaning, the PTO should only limit the claim based on
`
`the specification . . . when [it] expressly disclaim[s] the broader definition.”
`
`In re Bigio, 381 F.3d 1320, 1325 (Fed Cir. 2004). “Although an inventor is
`
`indeed free to define the specific terms used to describe his or her invention,
`
`this must be done with reasonable clarity, deliberateness, and precision.” In
`
`re Paulsen, 30 F.3d 1475, 1480 (Fed. Cir. 1994).
`
`We determine that no explicit construction of any specific claim term
`
`is necessary to determine whether to institute a trial in this case. See, e.g.,
`
`Wellman, Inc. v. Eastman Chem. Co., 642 F.3d 1355, 1361 (Fed. Cir. 2011)
`
` 4
`
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`

`

`IPR2015-01647
`Patent 5,856,336 B2
`
`
`(“[C]laim terms need only be construed ‘to the extent necessary to resolve
`
`the controversy.’”) (quoting Vivid Techs., Inc. v. Am. Sci. & Eng’g, Inc.,
`
`200 F.3d 795, 803 (Fed. Cir. 1999)). At this stage of the proceeding, we
`
`have not made a final determination as to the construction of any claim term.
`
`B. Effective Filing Date of Claims 1 and 2 of the ʼ336 Patent
`
`The ʼ336 Patent claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Applications JP
`
`63-193606 (“JP ’606,” filed August 3, 1988),3 JP 63-15585 (“JP ’585,” filed
`
`January 26, 1988),4 and JP 62-207224 (“JP ’224,” filed August 20, 1987).5
`
`Petitioner contends that neither JP ʼ585 nor JP ʼ224 provides written
`
`description for a ½ calcium salt, as specifically required by claims 1 and 2 of
`
`the ʼ336 patent. Pet. 1015. Thus, Petitioner contends that the earliest
`
`effective filing date for the ʼ336 Patent is no earlier than the filing date of JP
`
`’606, or August 3, 1988. Id.
`
`In its Preliminary Response, Patent Owner does not direct us to any
`
`portion of either JP ʼ585 or JP ʼ224 that provides written description for a ½
`
`calcium salt, instead arguing that the Board need not address priority at this
`
`time in light of the deficiencies in Petitioner’s arguments. Prelim. Resp. 2
`
`n.1. For the purposes of this Decision, we treat Picard and Kesseler as prior
`
`art references and consider the patentability challenge set forth in the
`
`Petition.
`
`
`
`3 Certified English translation provided as Ex. 1013.
`
`4 Certified English translation provided as Ex. 1014.
`
`5 Certified English translation provided as Ex. 1015.
`
` 5
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`

`IPR2015-01647
`Patent 5,856,336 B2
`
`
`C. Petitioner’s Asserted Obviousness Ground
`
`1. Petitioner’s Contentions
`
`Petitioner contends that claims 1 and 2 of the ’336 patent are obvious
`
`over the combination of Picard and Kesseler. Pet. 2539. Petitioner
`
`contends that a person of ordinary skill in the art would have selected
`
`Picard’s Example 3 compound (Ex. 1009, 17:4966) as a lead compound
`
`and would have found it obvious to change the R2 isopropyl group to a
`
`cyclopropyl group in order to achieve the compound of claim 1 of the ’336
`
`patent. Pet. 2630.
`
`In support of this contention, Petitioner directs us to the following
`
`teachings of Picard. Id. Picard discloses purported compound inhibitors of
`
`3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase)
`
`having the structure of the following Formula I (“Picard Formula I”):
`
`and X is —CH2CH2— or —CH═CH—. Ex. 1009, Abstract, 2:629. With
`
`regard to R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6, Picard discloses as follows:
`
`
`
` 6
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`

`IPR2015-01647
`Patent 5,856,336 B2
`
`
`R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen; alkyl of from one
`to six carbons;
`trifluoromethyl; cyclopropyl; cyclohexyl;
`cyclohexylmethyl; phenyl; phenyl substituted with fluorine,
`chlorine, bromine, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, alkyl of from one to
`four carbon atoms, or alkoxy of from one to four carbon atoms;
`phenylmethyl; phenylmethyl substituted with fluorine, chlorine,
`bromine, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, alkyl of from one to four
`carbon atoms, or alkoxy of from one to four carbon atoms; 2-, 3-
`, or 4-pyridinyl; or 2-, -, or 5-pyrimidinyl; provided that when X
`is in the 2-position, R1 is hydrogen and is attached in the 4-
`position.
`
`R3, R4, R5, and R6 are independently selected from
`hydrogen; alkyl of from one to six carbon atoms; trifluoromethyl;
`cyclopropyl; fluorine; chlorine; bromine; hydroxy; alkoxy of
`from one to four carbon atoms; cyano; nitro; amino; acetylamino;
`aminomethyl; phenyl; phenyl substituted with fluorine, chlorine,
`bromine, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, alkyl of from one to four
`carbon atoms, or alkoxy of from one to four carbon atoms;
`phenylmethyl; or phenylmethyl substituted with fluorine,
`chlorine, bromine, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, or alkyl of from one
`to four carbon atoms.
`
`Id. at 2:3053.
`
`
`
`Picard also discloses compound inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase
`
`having the structure of the following Formula II (“Picard Formula II”):
`
`where X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are as defined above. Id. at 2:5867.
`
`
`
`Table 1 of Picard (“Picard Table 1”), reproduced below, discloses the
`
`,
`
` 7
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`

`IPR2015-01647
`Patent 5,856,336 B2
`
`
`activities of two compounds encompassed by Formula I. Id. at 11:2541.
`
`Example 3 describes the preparation of a compound according to
`
`Formula II (“Picard Example 3 Compound”): Id. at 17:4966. Petitioner
`
`provides a comparison of the structure of Picard’s Example 3 compound and
`
`the claimed compound, reproduced in the table below. Pet. at 28.
`
`
`
`With reference to the above table, Petitioner contends that Picard Example 3
`
`Compound differs from a compound of claim 1 by the presence of an
`
`isopropyl at the R2 position, instead of a cyclopropyl group. Id.
`
`Petitioner further contends that the data provided in Picard Table 1
`
`describes preferred lactones in which R1 is 4-fluorophenyl and R2 is methyl
`
`
`
` 8
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`

`IPR2015-01647
`Patent 5,856,336 B2
`
`
`or isopropyl. Pet. 27 (citing Brown Decl. ¶ 32). According to Petitioner,
`
`Picard indicates in Table 1 that a R2 isopropyl substituted compound is
`
`about 10 times more potent than its methyl-substituted counterpart. Pet. 27.
`
`Based on that data, according to Petitioner, a person of ordinary skill in the
`
`art would have reasonably expected “that derivatives having an isopropyl
`
`group would be more active than those having a methyl group.” Pet. 27, 30
`
`(citing Brown Decl. ¶¶ 32, 37.)
`
`Petitioner further contends that Picard discloses “that cyclopropyl is a
`
`preferred alternate propyl group at this position, a POSA would naturally
`
`have prepared cyclopropyl as the next isomeric propyl alternative.” Id. at 30
`
`(citing Brown Decl. ¶ 38).
`
`Petitioner further contends that “Kesseler (Ex. 1010) expressly
`
`teaches that a cyclopropyl group is preferred to an isopropyl group at the R2
`
`position.” Id. at 3031 (citing Brown Decl. ¶ 40). With reference to the
`
`table reproduced below, Petitioner directs our attention to compounds Ie and
`
`Iac disclosed by Kesseler. Id. at 31; Ex. 1010, 14:2047. According to
`
`Petitioner, “Kesseler . . . discloses that changing isopropyl to cyclopropyl in
`
`the R2 position (circled) results in a nearly threefold increase in the IC50
`
`values.” Pet. 31 (citing Brown Decl. ¶ 41-42).
`
` 9
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`

`IPR2015-01647
`Patent 5,856,336 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`Petitioner concludes as follows:
`
` In view of the clear structural similarity between these
`compounds, a POSA would have understood that each was
`described as an active HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, and would
`have considered Kesseler’s ring-cracked compounds (i.e., those
`of formulae I and II in Kesseler) to be “analogs” of the ring-fused
`structure of compactin.
`
`Accordingly, a POSA would have expected that the activity of
`the compound of Picard Example 3 would have been improved
`by the similar substitution of a cyclopropyl for its isopropyl
`group.
`
`Pet. 36 (citations omitted); Brown Decl. ¶¶ 4648, 5152.
`
`2. Patent Owner’s Contentions
`
`Patent Owner contends that the evidence presented by Petitioner
`
`shows that there were many potentially beneficial compounds disclosed in
`
`the prior art. Prelim. Resp., 1425 (citing Pet. 15, 1718; Brown Decl. ¶ 25
`
`n.1; Ex. 1009, 11:3940 (Table 1); Ex. 1010, 1:3554, 14:2445). Patent
`
`Owner further contends that Petitioner’s rationale fails to establish why the
`
`Picard Example 3 Compound would have been an obvious choice of a “lead
`
`compound” for an HMGCoA reductase inhibitor and thus “is the epitome of
`
`10
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`

`

`IPR2015-01647
`Patent 5,856,336 B2
`
`
`impermissible hindsight reconstruction.” Id. at 14.
`
`Patent Owner contends that Picard only provides functional activity
`
`data for the compounds provided in Picard Table 1, which does not include
`
`the compound disclosed in Example 3 of Picard. Id. at 1718 (citing Ex.
`
`1009, col. 11 (Table 1)). Patent Owner argues that the Petitioner fails to
`
`provide a sufficient reason for why a person of ordinary skill in the art
`
`would “jump to the conclusion that the compound of Example 3 (for which
`
`not a shred of in vitro data is provided) would be a better inhibitor of HMG-
`
`CoA reductase than the 4-chloro compounds disclosed in Table 1 (for which
`
`in vitro data is provided).” Id. at 20.
`
`With regard to Kesseler, Patent Owner contends that Kesseler
`
`discloses “an entire class of non-quinoline compounds . . . with better
`
`activity against HMG-CoA reductase than anything disclosed in Picard.” Id.
`
`at 24. According to Patent Owner, Kesseler discloses at least 14 compounds
`
`having IC50 values against HMG-CoA reductase between 0.95.0
`
`nanomolar, whereas the IC50 values disclosed in Picard were between 32 and
`
`350 nanomolar. Id. (citing Ex. 1010, 14:2445; Ex. 1009, 11 (Table 1)).
`
`Patent Owner further contends Petitioner fails to provide a sufficient
`
`rationale as to why a person of ordinary skill in the art would have equated
`
`results from the pyridine and pyrimidine cores of Kesseler to the quinoline
`
`cores of Picard. Id. at 3437.
`
`3. Analysis
`
`We generally follow a two-part inquiry to determine whether a new
`
`chemical compound would have been obvious over particular prior art
`
`
`
`
`11
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`

`IPR2015-01647
`Patent 5,856,336 B2
`
`
`compounds. Otsuka Pharm. Co. v. Sandoz, Inc., 678 F.3d 1280, 1291–93
`
`(Fed. Cir. 2012). First, we determine “whether a chemist of ordinary skill
`
`would have selected the asserted prior art compounds as lead compounds, or
`
`starting points, for further development efforts.” Id. at 1291. Second, we
`
`analyze whether there was a reason to modify a lead compound to make the
`
`claimed compound with a reasonable expectation of success. Id. at 1292.
`
`A lead compound is defined as “‘a compound in the prior art that
`
`would be most promising to modify in order to improve upon its . . . activity
`
`and obtain a compound with better activity.”’ Id. at 1291 (citing Takeda
`
`Chem. Indus., Ltd. v. Alphapharm Pty., Ltd., 492 F.3d 1350, 1357 (Fed. Cir.
`
`2007)). Stated another way, “a lead compound is ‘a natural choice for
`
`further development efforts.”’ Id. (citing Altana Pharma AG v. Teva Pharm.
`
`USA, Inc., 566 F.3d 999, 1008 (Fed. Cir. 2009)). The analysis of whether a
`
`chemist of ordinary skill would have chosen the prior art compound as a lead
`
`compound “is guided by evidence of the compound’s pertinent properties”
`
`including “positive attributes such as activity and potency,” “adverse effects
`
`such as toxicity,” “and other relevant characteristics in evidence.” Id. at
`
`1292.
`
`Importantly, “[a]bsent a reason or motivation based on such prior art
`
`evidence, mere structural similarity between a prior art compound and the
`
`claimed compound does not inform the lead compound selection.” Id.; see
`
`also Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. v. Matrix Laboratories, Ltd., 619 F.3d 1346,
`
`1354 (“[P]roving a reason to select a compound as a lead compound depends
`
`on more than just structural similarity, but also knowledge in the art of the
`
`functional properties and limitations of the prior art compounds”).
`
`
`
`
`12
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`IPR2015-01647
`Patent 5,856,336 B2
`
`
`Establishing that a chemical compound would have been obvious over a
`
`structurally similar compound requires “a showing that the ‘prior art would
`
`have suggested making the specific molecular modifications necessary to
`
`achieve the claimed invention.’” Takeda Chem. Indus., Ltd. v. Alphapharm
`
`Pty., Ltd., 492 F.3d 1350, 1356 (Fed. Cir. 2007) (internal quotations
`
`omitted).
`
`In the present case, Petitioner identifies the Picard Example 3
`
`Compound as a “lead compound” and then proceeds to walk us through the
`
`steps a person of ordinary skill in the art would have had to perform in order
`
`to arrive at the compound of the claims. Pet. 26–36. These steps involve
`
`concluding from the data provided in Picard Table 1 that an isopropyl group
`
`at position R2 of Picard Formula I is important for improved compound
`
`activity (i.e., IC50). As the Picard Example 3 Compound is not a compound
`
`according to Picard Formula I, a person of ordinary skill in the art would
`
`have had to predict that this improved activity, attributed to the R2
`
`substituent, would have also been exhibited by a compound according to
`
`Picard Formula II having an isopropyl group at the R2 position. A person of
`
`ordinary skill in the art would then have replaced the isopropyl at the R2
`
`position of the Picard Example 3 Compound with a cyclopropyl group to
`
`achieve the compound of the challenged claims. Petitioner reasons that
`
`Kesseler would have informed a person of ordinary skill in the art that such
`
`a change would improve the activity of the compound based on a
`
`comparison of Kesseler’s Ie and Iac compounds. Pet. 31 (citing Brown
`
`Decl. ¶¶ 41–42).
`
`We are not persuaded that Petitioner has established that a person of
`
`
`
`
`13
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`IPR2015-01647
`Patent 5,856,336 B2
`
`
`ordinary skill in the art would have been motivated to perform the necessary
`
`modifications to the Picard Example 3 Compound in order to achieve the
`
`claimed compound. We note that Picard does not disclose any biological or
`
`pharmacokinetic data for the Picard Example 3 Compound, and as such,
`
`provides no suggestion that this compound has any particular functional
`
`activity to suggest that the compound should serve as a lead compound.
`
`Rather, the data disclosed in Picard relates to compounds according to
`
`Picard Formula I (Ex. 1009, 11:3940 (Table 1)), which differs significantly
`
`from the Example 3 compound, a compound of Picard Formula II.
`
`Petitioner’s asserted obviousness ground is based primarily on the
`
`structural similarity of the Example 3 compound and the compound of the
`
`challenged claims. As stated in Otsuka, structural similarities alone are not
`
`enough to inform the lead compound selection. 678 F.3d at 1292.
`
`Accordingly, we determine that Petitioner has not provided sufficient reason
`
`to show that it would have been obvious to select the Picard Example 3
`
`Compound from the genus of compounds disclosed in Picard.
`
`Moreover, even assuming one would have started with Picard
`
`Example 3 Compound (based on its disclosure as an example compound),
`
`Petitioner does not persuade us sufficiently that an ordinary artisan would
`
`have had reason to substitute the isopropyl at the R2 position in particular in
`
`that compound with a cyclopropyl group. Table 1 in Picard, which relates to
`
`entirely different compounds, does not disclose a cyclopropyl group at that
`
`position. Consequently, Petitioner necessarily relies on Kesseler in its
`
`reasoning for the substitution—a reference that also discloses a number of
`
`entirely different compounds. Petitioner does not explain adequately why
`
`
`
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`14
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`IPR2015-01647
`Patent 5,856,336 B2
`
`
`one would have chosen this particular substitution in relation to Picard
`
`Example 3 Compound in particular, in view of the large number of possible
`
`substitution options when considering the different compounds disclosed in
`
`Kesseler and Table 1 of Picard.
`
`D. Interference Estoppel
`
`Petitioner contends that “[t]he grandparent application of the ’336
`
`patent was involved in two interferences,” both of which the Patent Owner
`
`lost. Pet. 41 (citing Ex. 1005 and Ex. 1006). Petitioner attempts to use
`
`arguments made in those interferences to support arguments that the Patent
`
`Owner disclaimed or otherwise lost the right to claim the compound of
`
`claims 1 and 2 of the ’336 patent. Id. at 4160. It thus appears that
`
`Petitioner is attempting to rely on estoppel based on prior judgments in the
`
`above-mentioned interferences (Ex. 1005 and Ex. 1006), not on asserted
`
`unpatentability under 35 U.S.C. §§ 102, 103 based on prior art.
`
`Under 35 U.S.C. § 311(b), a petitioner in an inter partes review “may
`
`request to cancel as unpatentable 1 or more claims of a patent only on a
`
`ground that could be raised under section 102 or 103 and only on the basis of
`
`prior art consisting of patents or printed publications.” Petitioner has not
`
`directed us to any authority that allows this Board to cancel claims in an
`
`inter partes review based on arguments by a Petitioner that the Patent Owner
`
`may have disclaimed the subject matter of challenged claims in a related
`
`grandparent application, which is the relief requested by Petitioner (see Pet.
`
`4160).
`
`The ’336 patent itself was not involved in the two interference cases
`
`cited by Petitioner. Pet. 41–42. Nonetheless, Petitioner relies on alleged
`
`15
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`IPR2015-01647
`Patent 5,856,336 B2
`
`
`“estoppel” based on judgments in those interferences, and specifically
`
`Petitioner’s assertion that certain claims at issue in those cases recite subject
`
`matter that “is not patentably distinct” from the subject matter recited in the
`
`challenged claims. Pet. 46, 48. Thus, Petitioner does not assert
`
`unpatentability under 35 U.S.C. §§ 102, 103 based on prior art. See also
`
`W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. v. LifePort Sciences LLC, Case IPR2014-
`
`01319, Paper 7, slip op. at 14–15 (PTAB Feb. 23, 2015) (addressing a
`
`similar type of argument regarding asserted “interference estoppel”).
`
`Accordingly, we do not institute an inter partes review based on the alleged
`
`interference estoppel asserted by Petitioner.
`
`III.
`
` CONCLUSION
`
`Petitioner does not persuade us that there is a reasonable likelihood
`
`that at least one of the challenged claims is unpatentable based on the
`
`asserted ground. We deny the petition for inter partes review and decline to
`
`institute trial on the asserted ground as to any of the challenged claims.
`
`IV. ORDER
`
`In consideration of the foregoing, it is hereby ORDERED that the
`
`petition is denied as to all challenged claims and no trial is instituted.
`
`
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`IPR2015-01647
`Patent 5,856,336 B2
`
`
`PETITIONER:
`
`Kenneth Burchfiel
`kburchfiel@sughrue.com
`
`Travis Ribar
`tribar@sughrue.com
`
`Chid Iyer
`ciyer@sughrue.com
`
`Michael Dzwonczyk
`mdzwonczyk@sughrue.com
`
`Azy Kokabi
`akokabi@sughrue.com
`
`
`
`
`PATENT OWNER:
`
`David Conlin
`dgconlin@mintz.com
`
`Kathleen Carr
`KBCarr@mintz.com
`
`David Cotta
`DCotta@mintz.com
`
`Peter Cuomo
`PJCuomo@mintz.com
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`17
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