VWGoA - Ex. 1021
`Volkswagen Group of America, Inc., Petitioner
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`1
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`

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`5,808,566
`Page 2
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`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
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`5,243,528
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`9/1993 Lefebvre ............................... .. 340/995
`.
`
`~ 340/995
`5362775 11/1993 T9919‘ 9‘ 91~
`............................. .. 340/990
`5,283,575
`2/1994 Kao et al.
`
`5,291,412
`5,291,413
`5,293,163
`5,293,484
`5,396,429
`5,559,707
`
`3/1994 Tamai et al.
`.......................... .. 364/449
`3/1994 Tamai et al.
`.. 364/449
`..
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`3/1994 Kakihara etal.
`..................... .. 340/988
`3/1994 Dabbs, 111 et al.
`.............. .. 340/825.44
`
`......... ..
`.. 364/436
`3/1995 Hanchett
`.................... .. 340/995
`9/1996 DeL0rme et al.
`
`2
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 15,1998
`
`Sheet 1 of 15
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`5,808,566
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`MAP
`DATABASE
`VENDOR(S)
`
`TRAFFIC
`INFO.
`PROVIDER
`
`85
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`NJ
`QC r
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`]
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`'
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`— — _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
`72a
`72
`so“!
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`ON-LINE
`MAP
`THIRD PARTY
`I
`TRAFFIC A N D
`DATA BAS E
`DATA
`MAP UPDATER
`INTEGRATOR
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`
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`
`
`
`
`I
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`
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`82
`
`OTHER
`IN FORMATION
`PROVIDERS
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`/2
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`64
`
`CONTROL
`KBD DISP
`--
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`as
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`‘S6
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`SURROUNDINGS
`EXPLORERS
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`DISTANCE
`AND TIME
`TRAVEL
`ESTIMATOR
`I
`' H
`
`' _‘
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`7o
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`l
`I
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`r
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`42
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`RESOLVER
`77
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`I|
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`I
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`I/o INTERFACE
`I
`| TELEPHONE NET RF
`: W W W
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`75
`I 74
`I_____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
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`
`
`25V
`
`CELLULAR
`
` SYSTEM
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`3
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 15,1998
`
`Sheet 2 of 15
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`5,808,566
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`START
`
`ESTABLISH COMMUNICATION
`
`700
`
`
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`TRANSM IT QUERY
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`110
`
`QUE RY RESOLUTION
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`
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`TRANSMIT
`MESSAGE
`ERROR
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`
`
`UNRESOLVED
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`108
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`QUE RY
`?
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`NO
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`IDENTIFY QUERY TY PE
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`71
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`UNIDENTIFIED
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`
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`QUERY
`?
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`NO
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`QUERY FULFILLMENT
`
`FORMAT RESPONSE
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`TRANSMIT RESPONSE
`
`END
`
`J114,
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`HQ
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`115
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`4
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`5
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 15,1998
`
`Sheet 4 of 15
`
`5,808,566
`
`START OUT GOING EAST ON
`ROCKWOOD ST TOWARDS
`GLENDALE BLVD.
`
`DRIVE O.I MILES
`
`GLENDALE
`
`ROCKWOOD
`
`TURN RIGHT ONTO GLENDALE BLVD.
`DRIVE o.1 MILES
`
`GLENDALE
`
`TURN SLIGHT RIGHT ONTO
`LUCAS AVE
`DRIVE 0.2 MILES
`
`R0 CKWOOD
`
`GLENDALE
`
`6
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 15,1998
`
`Sheet 5 of 15
`
`5,808,566
`
`TURN LEFT ONTO EMERALD DR
`DRIVE
`0.1 MILES.
`
`EMERALD
`
`TURN RIGHT ONTO EMERALD ST.
`DRIVE A SHORT DISTANCE TO
`YOUR DESTINATION AT 9.60
`EMERALD ST.
`
`EMERALD
`
`EMERALD
`
`7
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`9
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 15,1998
`
`Sheet 8 of 15
`
`5,808,566
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 15,1998
`
`Sheet 9 of 15
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`5,808,566
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 15,1998
`
`Sheet 15 of 15
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`5,808,566
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`TOKEN ENGLISH TABLE
`
`SPANISH TABLE
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`AN DER KREUZUNG
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`
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`
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`
`FROM BASE UNIT.
`
`5%
`
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`ROUTE WITH
`ONBOARD MAP
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`NAME TO __. NOMBRE A Z. NAMEN zu __.
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`TURN LEFT ON DE’ VUELTA A LA AuI=__ LINKS
`__AND DRIVE
`IZQUIERDA EN ABBIEGEN UND
`MILES. _ Y MANEIJE
`MEILEN
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`
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`3
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`
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`17
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`5,808,566
`
`1
`ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION SYSTEM AND
`METHOD
`
`This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent
`application Ser. No. 08/265,094 filed on Jun. 24, 1994 by
`David A. Behr and Randall B. Jones, now U.S. Pat. No.
`5,543,789, entitled “Computerized Navigation System.” The
`entire contents of the Ser. No. 08/265,094 application is
`incorporated herein by reference.
`A portion of the disclosure of this patent document
`contains material which is subject to copyright protection.
`The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile
`reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent
`disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office
`patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright
`rights whatsoever.
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`10
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`The invention relates generally to a system and method
`for providing route guidance and tracking information and
`other information from a base unit to a mobile unit over
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`wireless, wireline, or optical devices. The invention more
`particularly relates to an apparatus and method for providing
`to a mobile unit route guidance and tracking information and
`other information which has been calculated and/or stored at
`a base unit in response to a query from the mobile unit.
`Systems have already been developed which provide
`geographical or position-dependent information to a mobile
`user. Such systems are generally installed in an automobile
`or other vehicle. These systems generally include an
`on-board geographic database which may be accessed to
`determine geographic information, such as locations of
`points of interest, directions to points of interest, and direc-
`tions between a specified origin and a destination. An
`on-board computer calculates route guidance information
`using data from the database in response to user inputs.
`Such systems are known as autonomous route guidance
`systems since they are independent and self-contained. The
`systems generally include a geographic database, position-
`ing sensors, and a computer including a keyboard and
`display. The geographic database is a representation of a
`region or metropolitan area and may include, for example,
`street names, navigation attributes, such as turn restrictions
`and one-way streets, street addresses, and points of interest,
`such as airports, restaurants and museums. The positioning
`sensors may determine geographic position from RF (Radio
`Frequency) triangulation or in response to signals from, for
`example, GPS (Global Positioning System), LORAN C or
`other similar positioning systems, and from motion and
`direction detectors. The computer calculates route guidance
`information in response to inputs from the other system
`components as well as from operator input. The route
`guidance information is provided to the user in the form of
`navigational text or map graphics.
`Autonomous route guidance systems have many
`drawbacks, however, which have prevented their wide-
`spread use. Because the system is autonomous and has an
`on-board database, the system must include large storage
`capabilities for storing all of the data which form the
`database. Technologies such as CD-ROM have allowed
`storage of an entire database but require still a tradeoff
`between cost and fast, efficient data access.
`Another problem with autonomous route guidance sys-
`tems is maintenance and currency of the database. As new
`streets are built, or as old streets are reconfigured, as
`businesses and other points of interest open and close, the
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`database on CD-ROM or other media becomes out of date.
`In addition, when a database is compiled, it may include
`errors which are then replicated in the many copies provided
`to users. These errors may require correction in the user
`copies by replacing those database copies. Moreover, incor-
`rect or outdated information in the database can lead to
`
`errors when calculating routes. When an out-of-date data-
`base does not
`include the information that a particular
`roadway is closed, the system may be unable to calculate an
`alternate route.
`
`Autonomous route guidance system providers may
`improve the accuracy of the system by providing occasional
`database updates to users. However, distribution of the
`database, in a medium such as CD-ROM or floppy disk, to
`remotely located mobile users may be difficult. In addition,
`the media themselves are expensive since they may gener-
`ally be used only a single time.
`Other aspects of such prior art autonomous route guidance
`systems add to their cost and inconvenience. Because the
`systems are autonomous, they must include all components,
`including the computer, the database and the position sensor.
`Using present technology, such a system is too heavy and
`too large to be readily transported by an individual. In
`addition,
`the complete system has power requirements
`which make battery operation impractical. As a result,
`autonomous route guidance systems have been limited to
`installation in automobiles or other vehicles which can
`
`accommodate the size and power requirements of such a
`system. The current best price for a complete autonomous
`route guidance system is substantial. This includes only the
`cost for a single, dedicated autonomous route guidance
`system.
`Another type of route guidance system has been tested in
`Europe using beacons to provide a guidance signal
`to
`on-board equipment. The system directs the user to travel
`from beacon to beacon, creating a stepwise path between an
`origin and a destination because of the fixed locations of the
`beacons. The navigational information thus provided forms
`a generally inefficient routing path from origin to destina-
`tion. In addition, such a system does not provide the capa-
`bility to query a database for information about nearby
`points of interest and other geographical information.
`Therefore, there is a need for a routing and information
`system that continually provides access to up-to-date, cor-
`rect geographic information by a remote user. There is a
`further need for a routing and information system which can
`be implemented on lightweight, portable devices for easy,
`convenient transportation and use. There is a further need for
`a routing and information system which is independent of
`any particular hardware configuration and which may be
`implemented on any suitably equipped data processing
`apparatus, such as a desktop personal computer, a laptop
`computer, a personal digital assistant or even a pager. There
`is a further need for a routing and information system which
`provides communication between mobile units and a base
`unit over any available channel, including wireless, wireline,
`and optical channels. There is a still further need for a data
`communication protocol for providing accurate, reliable
`communication in such a system, independent of hardware
`configuration and in a compact form.
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`An object of the invention is to provide a method and
`system for transmitting route guidance and other informa-
`tion from a base unit to a remote unit in a compact form.
`Another object of the invention is to provide a method and
`system for transmitting route guidance and other informa-
`
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`

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`5,808,566
`
`3
`in a language
`to a remote unit
`tion from a base unit
`independent form such that the remote unit can provide the
`information to a user in any language or form desired by the
`user at the remote unit.
`
`Another object of the invention is to provide a method and
`system for transmitting route guidance and other informa-
`tion from a base unit to a remote unit in which the amount
`
`of information available at a remote unit can be expanded by
`providing the remote unit with information from the base
`unit which is not adequately covered by any databases
`on-board the remote unit.
`
`The invention provides a method and system for provid-
`ing route guidance and other information from a base unit to
`a remote unit in response to a request from the remote unit.
`A query is formatted at the remote unit, the query including
`the request, and is transmitted from the remote unit to the
`base unit. Requested route guidance information is calcu-
`lated at the base unit in response to the query, using a large
`up-to-date database located at the base unit. A response to
`the query is formatted at the base unit, the response includ-
`ing route guidance information. The response is then trans-
`mitted from the base unit to the remote unit for display.
`The transmission is made in a compact form through the
`use of maneuver arms and combined maneuver arms and
`
`through the use of tokenized forms. These tokenized forms
`represent a large amount of textual information by one or
`several alphanumeric characters.
`A maneuver arm represents a road at an intersection, for
`depiction on a display, by one or two endpoint coordinates.
`If two intersections are sufficiently close together, a first set
`of maneuver arms for one intersection and a second set of
`maneuver arms for the other intersection are combined to
`
`produce a combined set of endpoints for transmission in a
`compact form to depict the first set of maneuver arms and
`the second set of maneuver arms on a common display.
`The tokenized forms are expanded at the remote unit into
`textual driving instructions for each of one or more lan-
`guages. In addition, the amount of information available at
`a remote unit can be increased by providing the remote unit
`with information from the base unit which is not adequately
`covered by any databases on-board the remote unit.
`Other objects, features, and advantages of the invention
`will be apparent from the detailed description set forth
`below.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPITON OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`The features of the invention are set forth with particu-
`larity in the appended claims. The invention, together with
`further objects and advantages thereof, may be further
`understood by making reference to the following description
`taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings,
`wherein:
`
`FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram illustrating a system
`of the invention;
`FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of the
`invention;
`FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a data communication
`protocol for communicating data from a mobile, or remote,
`unit to a base unit in accordance with the invention and
`
`which is used in conjunction with the system of FIG. 1 and
`the method of FIG. 2;
`FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a data communication
`protocol for communicating data from a base unit
`to a
`mobile unit in accordance with the invention and which is
`
`used in conjunction with the system of FIG. 1 and the
`method of FIG. 2;
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`FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a suitable sign convention
`for maneuver arm endpoint coordinates;
`FIGS. 6 to 10 show examples of maneuver arms displays
`in a remote unit;
`FIGS. 11 to 14 illustrate data that is transferred between
`
`a remote unit and a base unit in the example of FIGS. 6 to
`10;
`FIGS. 15 to 38 illustrate additional examples of data
`transferred between a remote unit and a base unit;
`FIG. 39 illustrates a combined maneuver arms display;
`FIG. 40 illustrates some examples of tokens and corre-
`sponding expanded English, Spanish, and German text; and
`FIG. 41 is a flowchart used for explaining operation of a
`stripmap request feature of the invention.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED
`EMBODIMENTS
`
`Overview
`
`The invention provides a method of providing route
`guidance information and other information from a base unit
`to a mobile unit in response to a request from the mobile
`unit. The method comprises the steps of formatting a query
`at the mobile unit, the query including the request, commu-
`nicating the query from the mobile unit to the base unit, and
`calculating route guidance information at the base unit in
`response to the query. The method further comprises the
`steps of formatting a response to the query at the base unit,
`the response including route guidance information, and
`communicating the response from the base unit
`to the
`mobile unit. The guidance information may include naviga-
`tion instructions from an origin to a destination, information
`about one or more points of interest within a particular
`region, or other geographically referenced information.
`The invention further provides a system for communicat-
`ing routing information between a base unit and a mobile
`unit. The system comprises an input means at the mobile unit
`for providing an origin and a destination. The system further
`comprises a calculating means at the base unit for calculat-
`ing a route between the origin and the destination. The
`system still further comprises communication means for
`communicating the origin and the destination from the
`mobile unit to the base unit and for communicating the route
`from the base unit to the mobile unit. The routing informa-
`tion may include navigation instructions from an origin to a
`destination, information about one or more points of interest
`within a particular region, or other geographically refer-
`enced information.
`
`The invention still further provides a method of providing
`routing information to a mobile unit. The method comprises
`the steps of providing an origin and a destination from the
`mobile unit to a base unit, the base unit located remotely
`from the mobile unit. The method further comprises the
`steps of calculating at the base unit a route between the
`origin and the destination, and providing the route to the
`mobile unit.
`
`The invention still further provides a system for providing
`route guidance information to a remote location from a
`central location. The system comprises a mobile unit includ-
`ing an input means for providing at least a route destination
`and an output means for providing an indication of the route
`guidance information. The system further comprises a first
`transmission means at
`the mobile unit
`for transmitting
`destination data and origin data from the mobile unit, the
`destination data being indicative of a route destination and
`
`19
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`19
`
`

`
`5,808,566
`
`5
`the origin data being indicative of a route origin. The system
`still further comprises a base unit at the central location. The
`base unit includes a first receiving means for receiving the
`destination data and the origin data from the first transmis-
`sion means, a calculating means coupled with the receiving
`means for calculating a route to the route destination from a
`route origin responsive to the destination data and the origin
`data, and a second transmission means for transmitting
`routing data, the routing data being indicative of the route.
`The system still further comprises a second receiving means
`at the mobile unit for receiving the routing data from the
`second transmission means,
`the second receiving means
`being coupled with the output means for providing the route
`guidance information to the input means responsive to the
`routing data.
`The invention also provides a system and method for
`providing geographically referenced information from a
`base unit or server to a mobile unit. The mobile unit may be
`a transportable device such as a laptop computer or personal
`digital assistant (PDA), or may be a desktop personal
`computer or any other device permitting data entry and
`display, printing, or sounding of the provided information.
`The mobile unit communicates with the base unit using
`any available communication system, such as land line
`telephone link, cellular telephone or radio frequency trans-
`mission. Queries are communicated from the mobile unit to
`the base unit. The query requests route guidance
`information, information about a point of interest or other
`geographical information. The query is formatted in a speci-
`fied protocol. The base unit communicates responses to
`queries, the responses also being formatted in a specified
`protocol. The responses may include, for example, textual
`navigational directions and/or maneuver arms showing
`graphical representations of street
`intersections and the
`calculated route through the intersection. Transmitting only
`a representation of the intersection, rather than all geo-
`graphical features around the intersection, allows the
`response, including the maneuver arms, to be transmitted
`over a low bandwidth channel. The invention operates
`independently of the communication system and is adapt-
`able to any system. The invention allows support for many
`different mobile unit platforms, taking advantage of each
`platform’s capabilities while retaining as much system-level
`look and feel consistency as possible.
`The base unit includes a geographical database, such as
`the Navigation Technologies Corp. navigable map database.
`The geographical database stores a variety of geographical
`and position-oriented attributes, such as street addresses,
`turn restrictions and points of interest. The points of interest
`are preferably organized according to different parameters,
`including point of interest type, such as “restaurant” or
`“museum;” point of interest name; city; driving distance;
`and/or driving time. The base unit further includes a server
`for receiving queries from one or more mobile units, resolv-
`ing ambiguities in the queries, determining a response to a
`query, and accessing the geographical database as needed.
`The server formats a response to the query and communi-
`cates the response to the mobile unit.
`In a first mode of operation, an origin and a destination are
`entered at the mobile unit. The origin and/or the destination
`may be in the form of a street address, an intersection of two
`streets, or a point of interest previously identified in the
`geographical database. The origin and destination are com-
`municated from the mobile unit to the base unit. The base
`
`unit calculates a route between the specified origin and
`destination. The routing information is communicated from
`the base unit to the mobile unit where it is displayed by the
`
`6
`mobile unit. The display can be a graphical display, showing
`map portions and providing travel directions along with a
`display of highway signs and other information. The display
`can include textual information providing travel directions.
`The mobile unit may supply a digitally synthesized voice
`which audibly presents the travel directions to the user. In
`some applications, the display is stylized to display addi-
`tional information to the user or to display information in a
`more realistic or more informative form. For example, the
`display can indicate in graphical form whether an on or off
`ramp is a tight or gentle turn by displaying stylized ramps.
`Shapepoints, that is, points which more accurately depict the
`physical shape of a road, can be generated either by the base
`unit or by a remote unit.
`In a second mode of operation, the mobile unit formulates
`a query requesting information about points of interest
`within a specified distance of an origin. The origin may be
`specified by street address,
`intersecting streets, by geo-
`graphic position or by reference to a point of interest. The
`query is communicated from the mobile unit to the base unit.
`The base unit uses the geographical database to formulate a
`response. The response is communicated from the base unit
`to the mobile unit for display to the user.
`In a third mode of operation, a mobile unit provides
`information specifying its location to the base unit. Acontrol
`unit requests tracking information about the mobile unit
`from the base unit. The control unit may be, for example,
`another personal computer, coupled to the base unit through
`an external interface, either directly or through a commu-
`nications network. The base unit provides to the control unit
`tracking information including the current location of the
`mobile unit with respect to the street network and the route
`covered by the mobile unit.
`The invention further provides a protocol for communi-
`cating a query from the mobile unit to the base unit and for
`communicating a response from the base unit to the mobile
`unit. The protocol allows transmission of variable length
`messages, as required by the individual mobile unit or
`communication link. The protocol includes error checking,
`time stamping and subscriber information. The protocol
`further includes information specifying origin and
`destination, for a query, and message type and message
`contents, such as route information, for a response.
`The invention thus provides geographically referenced
`information from a