JTI Exhibit 1020, Page 0001
`
`JTI Exhibit 1020, Page 0001
`
`

`
`McGRAW-Hill
`DICTIONARY Of
`SCIENTifiC AND
`TECHNICAL
`TERMS
`fifth Edition
`
`.
`
`Sybil P. Parker
`Editor in Chief
`
`McGraw-Hill, lnc.
`San Francisco
`Washington, D.C.
`New York
`Lisbon
`London
`Madrid
`Caracas
`Bogoul
`Nt:w Delhi
`San Juan
`Singapore
`Sydney
`
`Milan
`MexicoCity
`Tokyo
`Toronto
`
`Auckland
`Montreal
`
`JTI Exhibit 1020, Page 0002
`
`

`
`On the cover: Photomicrograph of crystals of vitamin B,.
`(Dennis Kunkel, University of Hawaii)
`
`Included "' this Dictionary are definitions which hnve been published previously in the following works: P. B.
`Jordam. Crmd,,sed Compmer Jo'ncyclap~dia. Copyright C 1969 by McGrJw-llill, Inc. All rights reserved. J.
`Marku;, £/rctro11ics a11d Naclca/lics Dictionary. 4th ed .• Copyright C 1960, 1966. 1978 by McGmw-lli ll, Inc.
`All rights reserved. J. Quick.l1rtists' a11d Illustrators' Encyclopt!dia. Copyright C 1969 by McGrnw-11111. Inc. All
`nghls reserved. /Jiakis1011's Gould Medical Oictw11ary, 3d ed., Copyriglu C 1956. 1972 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All
`riglm re;crvcd. T. llnumcistcr and L. S. Murk~. eds .. Sta11dard lla11dbook for Meclrmrical E1111i11urs, 7th ed.,
`Copyn ght tC 1958. 1967 by McGraw-Hill. Inc. All righL~ reserved.
`
`In addu ion. mntcrial has been drawn from the following references: R. E. Huschkc, Glossary of Mettorology,
`Amencnn M~tcorologicnl Society, I 959; U.S. Air Foret! Glossary of Standordi:td Terms, AF Mnnuul I 1-1, vol.
`I, 1972: Cmnmrmicorimrs-ElectrallicsTcrmiiiOiogy, AF Manual Il -l, vol. 3. 1970; W. H. Allen. ed., Dit'llo/lary
`of ·redrmml Terms for Aerospace Use. lsi cd., National Aeronautics nod Spncc Administration. 1965; J. Ill.
`Gillil,ond, Solar-Terresural Physics: A Glassnry ofTtmu a11d Abbrc••icmans. Royal Aircmfl Es1:1blishment Tech·
`nicul Report 67158, 1967; Glas.<ary of Air Traffic Comrol Tmns. Federal Aviation Agency; A Glos.IOt)' of Range
`T~rmrnolol/y, IV/nt~ Snnds Missile Range. New Muico. Nmional Bureau of Smndnrds, AD 467-424: A DOD
`Glos.mry ofMuJJpillg, Chatttng and GeOlletic Ttrms. 1st cd., Department of Defcn;c, 1967; P. W. Thmsh. comp.
`and cd .. A Di<'tioiiW)" of Mmmg, Mineral, and RelotedTums, llureau of Mines. I 96M; Nuclear Torms: A Glossary,
`2d cd., Atomic Energy Commbsion; f'. Casey. cd., Compilation o[Term.r 111 lnfaunatimr Scimces f'eclmalo.~y.
`Fedcml Council for Science and Technology. I 970; (i/ossaryn[Stillfn Terminology, Office of Aermpncc Research.
`U.S Air Force. 1963; Naval Dictronary of f:.'ltctro11ic, Teclmicol. and lmptrmi•·e Terms. Bureau of Navnl Person(cid:173)
`nel, 19b2; IIDP Glouory, J)~panmem of the Nt~vy, NAVSO P-3097.
`
`1\llcGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY O F SCIENTIFIC AND TEC HNI CAL TEHMS,
`Fifth Edition
`Copyright C 199-1. 19R9. 1984. 1978. 1976. 1974 by McGraw-! 1111. [nc. All right' reserved. Printed in the United
`Stales oi America Except as penni ned under the United Stmcs Copyright Act of I 976. no pan of this publication
`may be reproduced or distributed in any fom• or b) any means. or stored in a dntub:•sc or retrieval sy~tcm. without
`the pnor wrincn pcm1is..,ion of the publisher.
`
`1234567890
`
`DOW/DOW
`
`99876543
`
`!SAN 0-07-Q..l2333-4
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Oaw
`
`McGrnw-lliJI d1cllorury of \cicmific and technical tcm1~ I
`Sybrl P. Parker, editor in chicf..-5lh eel.
`p
`em.
`ISIJN 0-07-0-c12J'n.4
`I Se•cncc- D•ctionaric'
`Pnrkcr. Sybil P.
`Q123.~ 1 34 I'J93
`503- -dc20
`
`2. Technul o~y- Drctionarics.
`
`93-34772
`CIP
`
`INTEHNATIONA L ~:DJTION
`
`Copyrighl 0 1994. excluSive rights by McGraw-! 1111. Inc. for manufacmn.: nnd expon. l11is book cannot be re(cid:173)
`exported from the country to which it is consigned by McGmw-lfrll. The hHcmauonal Edition i' no1 nvailablc in
`North 1\rncricn.
`
`When ordering lhis title. usc ISBN 0-07-113584-7.
`
`JTI Exhibit 1020, Page 0003
`
`

`
`aspiration
`
`assembly system
`
`139
`
`[MED] TI1c removal of Ouids from a cavity by
`aspiration
`suction.
`[MICRODIO] The usc of suction to draw up a sample
`in a pipcne. [set TECII] Act or the result of removing, carrying
`along, or drawing by suction.
`( ,as·pa'ra·sh:m ]
`aspira tion cond enser [NUCLEO] An ion-counter collecting
`clement consisting of a cylindrical condenser which when
`charged produces a radial fi eld that collects ions from the aspi(cid:173)
`rated air.
`( ,as·po'ra·s han kon,dcn·s ar ]
`aspiration meteorograph [ENG] An ins trument for the con(cid:173)
`tinuous recording of two or more meteorological parameters,
`with the ventilation being provided by a suction fan.
`( ,as·
`pa'ra·sh:m ,med·c'6r·o,graf}
`aspiration psychrometer
`[ENG] A psychrometer in which
`the ventilalion is provided by a suction fan.
`( ,as·pa 'ra·sh;m
`,si 'kram·od·or )
`[ENG] A thennograph in which
`aspiration thermograph
`ventilation is provided by a suction fan.
`( ,as·po'ra·sha n 'thorm·
`a,graf I
`[ENG) Any instrument or apparatus that utilizes a
`aspirator
`vacuum to draw up gases or granular materials.
`[MIN ENG) A
`device made of wire gauze, of cloth, or of a fibrous mass held
`between pieces of meshed material and used to cover the mouth
`and nose to keep dusts from e ntering the lungs.
`( 'as·pa,rad·
`:Jr I
`as pirin See acetylsalicylic acid.
`[ 'as·pran }
`aspite
`[GEOL) A cratered volcano with the base wide in re(cid:173)
`[ 'as,pii I
`lation to the height; for example, Mauna Loa.
`asporogenic muta nt [MtCRODio) A bacillus that is unable to
`form spores due to alterations at any of several gene loci.
`[ ;a,sp6r:J~en·ik 'myut·ont I
`asporogenous
`[BOT) Not producing spores, especially of
`[ :a·sp:l'r'Jj·o·nas I
`certain yeasts.
`Aspredinidae [VERT zoo] A family of salt-water catfishes in
`the order Siluriformes found :off the coast of South America.
`[ ,a·spro'din·o·dc }
`[ 'as,rtik I
`AS ROC See antisubm arine rocket.
`ass [VERT zoo] Any of several pcrissodactyl mammals in the
`fam ily Equidae belonging to the genus Equus, especially E.
`[ as I
`hemionus and E. asinus.
`assault
`[oRo] 1 . Final phase of an anack; closing with the
`enemy in hand-to-hand fighting. 2. T he landing of troops for
`anack on the enem y' s beach defenses. 3. The landing of par(cid:173)
`achute and glider clements on unsecured and unprepared drop
`zones and landing zones to attack and seize an airhead. 4. A
`short, violent, but well-ordered attack against a local objective,
`such as a gun emplacement, fort , or machine gun nest.
`I o's6lt I
`[AERO ENG) Powered aircraft, including he(cid:173)
`assault aircraft
`licopters. which move assault troops and cargo into an objective
`( o's6lt 'er,kraft I
`area and which provide for their resupply.
`assau lt boat
`[NAY ARCH] A small boat that can easily be
`trans ported on land: used for amphibious military attacks or to
`[ o's61t ,bot I
`cross lakes and rivers in land warfare.
`[ORO] 1. Fire delivered by auacking troops as
`assault fire
`they close with an enemy to engage him at close range or in
`hand-lo-hand fighting, usually delivered from the hip or the
`Slanding position at a sustained rate. Also known as advancing
`fire. 2.1n artillery. extremely acc urate, short-range destruction
`I o's6lt , fir I
`fire at point targets.
`assault gun
`[ORD] Any of various s izes and types of guns
`Ihat are self-propelled or mounted on tanks and arc used for
`direct fire from close range against point targets.
`[ o's6it
`,g;m I
`[ORD] A special form of assau lt
`assault-la nding model
`1110dc l designed specifically for planning am phibious landings.
`I o's61t
`~iso known as amphibious-assault landing model.
`,Iand-i!) ,mad·al 1
`assault model
`[ORO] Vehicle designed to provide direct fi re
`•n combat. I o's6lt ,miid·ol I
`a~say [ANAL y CIIEM] Quaiilativc or quantitative detcnnina-
`1•on of 1hc componems or a material, as an ore or a drug.
`I 'a,sa 1
`assay balance (ENG] A sensitive balance used in I he assaying
`[ 'a,sa ,bal·::>ns J
`or gold. silver. and other precious metals.
`assay bar [MET) A bar of pure or nearly pure gold and silver;
`I 'a,sa ,bar I
`USed by a government as a standard.
`ilssay plan [~liN ENG) A mine map showing the assay, stope,
`'-"•dth. and so fon h of samples taken from positions marked.
`I 'a,sa ,plan 1
`
`( :J'scm·blar
`
`[MIN ENG ) A weight which varies from time 10
`assay pound
`time but is sometimes 0.5 gram, and is used by assaycrs to
`[ 'a,sa ,patind 1
`proportionately represent a pound.
`assay ton
`[MIN ENG] A unit of weight of ore equal to 29,167
`milligrams; the number of mi lligrams of precious metal in this
`meas ure equals I he numberof1roy ounces in a short ton.
`[ 'a,sii
`,ton I
`assay value [MIN ENG] TI1e amount of gold or silver as shown
`by assay of any given sample and represented by ounces per ton
`of ore.
`( 'a,sa , val·yii }
`assay walls
`[M IN ENG] TI1c planes to which an ore body can
`be profitably mined, the limiting factor being the metal content
`I 'a,sa ,wolz }
`of the country rock as dctcm1ined from assays.
`assemblage [1\RCII EO] All related cultural traits and artifacts
`associated with one archeological manifestation.
`[ECOL] A
`group of organisms sharing a common habitat by chance. [ORO]
`A collection of items designed to accomplis h one general func(cid:173)
`[PALWN] A
`tion and identified and issued as a single item.
`group of fossils occurring toge ther at one stratigmphic level.
`[ a'scm·blij I
`[PALEON] A biotstratigraphic unit defined
`assemblage zone
`and identified by a group of associated fossils rather than by a
`[ o'sem·blij ,zan I
`single index fossil.
`assembled stone
`[MATER) A stone made of two or more gem
`[ o' scm·b:Jid 'stan I
`materials , whether genuine or imitation.
`assembler
`[COMPUT SCI] A program designed to convert
`s ymbolic instn1ction into a form suitable for execution on a
`computer. Also known as assembly program; assembly rou(cid:173)
`[ o'sem·blor I
`tine.
`assembler directive [COM PUT SCI) A statement in an assem(cid:173)
`bly-language program that gives instructions to the assemble r
`and docs not gcncrmc machine language.
`[ o'scm·blar di,rek·
`tiv I
`assembler la nguage See assembly language.
`,lat)"gwij I
`assembler program [coM PUT sc t] A program that is writte n
`in assembly language.
`[ o' scm·bi:Jr ,pra·grom }
`[c1v ENG] A threaded bolt for holding to(cid:173)
`assembling bolt
`gethe r temporarily the several parts of a s tmcture during rivet(cid:173)
`[ o' scm·blitJ ,bolt I
`ing.
`assembly
`[COMPUT sc 1] The au10matic lranslation into ma(cid:173)
`c hine language of a computer program written in symbolic lan(cid:173)
`guage.
`[M ECII ENG) A unit containing the component parts
`[ o'sem·ble I
`of a mechanism, machine, or similar device.
`assembly drawing
`[GRAPIIICS} A working-type engineering
`drawing depicting a comple te unit, usually included with de1ail
`drawings of all parts in a set of working drawings.
`[ o' sem·bie
`,dr6-il) I
`(COMPUT SCI } A low-level com puter
`assembly language
`language one ste p above the binary machine language. Also
`[ o'scm·biC ,lal)·gwij I
`known as assembler language.
`assembly line
`[INO ENG] A mass-production arrangement
`whereby the work in process is progressively transferred from
`one opcmtion 10 the next until the product is assembled.
`[ o'scm·biC ,lin I
`[I NO ENG] Assigning numbers of
`asse mbly-line balancing
`opcmtors or machines to each ope ration of an assembly line so
`as to meet the required production ralc wilh a minimum of idle
`[ o'sem·bli! ,lin 'bai·ans·io I
`time.
`assembly lis t
`[co~II'UT SCI] 1\ printed list which is the by(cid:173)
`product of an assembly procedure; i1 lists in logical instruction
`sequence all details of a routine, showing the coded and sym(cid:173)
`bol ic notation nex 1 10 the ac111al notations established by the
`assembly procedure; this lisling is highly useful in the debugging
`[ o'sem·blc ,list I
`of a routine.
`assembly machine
`[MECII ENG) A machine in a manu fac(cid:173)
`turing facility that produces a configuration of some prac1ical
`( o'sem·bll! mo,shcn J
`value from discrete components.
`assembly method [ INO ENG 1 The 1echniquc used to assemble
`a manufac tured product, such as hand assembly, progressive
`line assem bly. and automa1ic assembly. [ o'sem·blc ,mcth·od 1
`[ o'senl"blc 'pro·grom I
`assembly program See assembler.
`assembly robot [COM PUT sci) A robot I hat positions. mates,
`fits. and assembles compone nts or parts a nd adjus ts the fi nished
`[ a'sem·blc ,ro,b;it 1
`produc t to fun ction as intended.
`[ :>'scm·blc rii'tc n 1
`assembly routine See assembler.
`assembly system [COMPU"t SCI) An automatic programming
`sortwnrc sy~ tcm wilh n programming language and madainc.·
`languagl! programs I hal aid I he programmer by performing dif-
`
`JTI Exhibit 1020, Page 0004
`
`

`
`424
`
`compo board
`
`composite photograph
`
`I 'kllm,po ,bOrd J
`campo board Sc•t' ~cJrnpo~ltion hoard.
`compolo Srt• conunu101in~: pole. I 'k~m,p()l 1
`(l'lll!~tl 1. A p~rt of a mtxlurc. 2. The smallcsl
`component
`number of chcnlicnl ~~~b~l;llk:C'~ which are able 10 fom1 all the
`conslhucuL• of 4 sy:ucm In whttu~vcr l>rtlporticnl they mny he
`present. (n I!C) Any electric dovicc, such as a cuil. resi~tor,
`c:npncilor,genenunr,lln<!, or electron tube, h"ving di!llinctl'lcc·
`trk~l chnmttcrbtic~ and hnvmg tcnninal5 lll which h mny be
`connected to uther components to fonn n circuit. Also known
`(MATH) 1. In a grnph system, a
`as circuit clement; element.
`cc>nn~-ctc.J ~uhgmtlh which is nm n subgrnph or any otln~r con·
`nc~ted ~ubj;tuph. 2. For" ~ct S, n conn~o-.:tcd ~uhsct n( .'i thnt h
`uulll ~ubselof nny othco c:<:IIUlccted ~ub.sct <1f .'i.
`(li<'l rrcnl A
`con~tihtcnl pnn of n S)'litcm; cxnmples an: n ~ector tcn11 whlcl1
`wht•n nddcd 10 mh~r.; gives n vector sum, nn in11redicnt nr n
`I k:>ni'J)()'
`chemlcnl system, or the mineral pmtiun or 11 rock.
`n:~nt I
`component barchart [!iT 1\TI A tmchnn which shows within
`each bnr the componunls that mnkc up the b:or. cueh component
`is reprcsenu:d by n ~il\:tion propurtlonnl in si?.c 10 il~ re11n:~n·
`tation in lh¢ total of c:tch bar, I k;)m:pG·n:~nt 'b!ir ,chllrt l
`component distillation
`(cunM J:NO] 1\ di~tillation process
`in which 11 fmc1icm1hat cannot normnlly be separated by distil·
`!ntton is removed by fnm1ing an n~cotroplc mixture. I k:~m'pO·
`n;~nt dis·c:~'IG·sho.>n I
`component-follure·lmpact analysis [svs I!NO) A study that
`nucmp1s 10 predict the consequences of failures of the maJOr
`I k:>m'pO·n:~nt
`componC!IltS of 11 system. Ahbrevi:uc:d CFIA.
`:tal·y:>r 'irn,11akt a,n;d·a·~;~~ I
`component namo Su tnti:I\'Minhlc..
`( k:~m'p&n:~m ,nilm )
`componont-subslonccslow (nu•MI
`the lnw 1hnt 011ch ~uh·
`smncC', ~ln,:ly or In miMure. cmnpo~int: a mn1erlnl exlnhh~ ~111:
`ctlic pruJICrtic~ thutllll! indcpc1odcm nf the other ~ullMnucc,\ In
`I k~tn'pil·n~lll '•uh·Mon·~:l) ,1(1 I
`lllltl nmWiiAI.
`component symbol r~tu:c) A ~mphkul tk·sign used 111 rep·
`I k;~m'pt'11111nt .~im·
`tC.\Clll ;1 tomponulll inn clro:uit di<1gmm.
`b;~l J
`(MATR) Vectors parallel to specified
`component vectors
`(usually perpendicular) nxes whose sum equals a given vector.
`I k<Jm'po·n:~nt ,vck·t(lrt I
`composing rulo ,v,.,. cornt10Sillll suck. I kom'pOz:ilJ ,rtl! 1
`composing slick
`IIIKo\l'llln) A tool designed for holding
`I k;,m'p01.·io
`type which is hcing n"''l'lllhlcll nnd justified.
`.~1ik I
`Composltoo (uurj The wtglc lnnoil} ul tlw cmk!r A 'fernie~:
`pcrhOJI!> lh.-Jnrgc•t fnmi!y etf llnWCIIII£ plnlll\, II COIIIOIIl\ llbClUt
`I ~nm'pli7·n,lc I
`ICJ.OOO ~r~ectcs
`composite
`(H-Ili M~ll0 \} 1\ fC·I\!CI!rdlliiJ Cetn\i\IJOJ:Of l\llr;~"
`1111.1 .:lcmcnts. }Mo\ lt'KI A llldiCtinl th;u I'C<illlt$ whun tWu qr
`marc malcrials, ench having its own, u~uaUy different chnrac·
`lcrlstics. arc combined, gtving useful propc11ies for bpctific np·
`phcmions. Also known 11~ •:ompusttc: muterinl.
`( k:~m'pli~·
`:ltl
`/\n el~c1ric balnncc made by
`composite balanco
`(I!Ulc]
`motlifylng the: Kelvm b;tln~ tu rneik~ure nmpemgc, vohugc. or
`wolln!\~· (l...mt'pllr~t 'hal·~~~~ I
`(c tv t•Nal Uc.un lt(licm or two mn1eli:tl~
`composite bcom
`jnm~•llu :w111~ 11 unit. t:~pCCtolly IIHol developed by '' c:<:~nc:rete
`~l.th ro:\tiu~t un n \l~cl I'IC'nm .mtl Jill nett by ~hear connectors.
`(.k:~m'pii7:3t 'b!m 1
`composite cable
`[ELUC] Cable in which conductors of dif·
`fercnt gages or types arc combined under one sheath.
`( k:lm'pHz·:~l 'kli·b;~IJ
`composlta circuli
`(llt.l'Cl'R} A circuil used stmultnneously
`for voice commumcation and 1clegraphy, with frequcncy(cid:173)
`dJscnmumting networks scrviug to separate the two types of
`sis:n.ols. 1 k:om'p:iz·:'ll 's:>t·~:ol I
`composite color signal
`I''"MMliNI The colur television pic(cid:173)
`'"'~ s1~ual flhl.< all hlnukiiiJ: aucl 'yuchronizing sisnnls. Also
`I k:~m'pli7.•:'1t 'k:>l·:>r ,sig·
`knnwu "' t·umpnsitc 11kllllc signal.
`n;,l I
`rhc signal comprising all
`composite color sync 1 roMMUN}
`lh•· ,,yudu'""'"""" s•ttnuls nccesSlll')' fur proper operation of a
`o;nl<>r tdcv~Nillll fe<'etvcr
`( k:~rn'pa?::ll 'k;,l·or ,Sol)k I
`composite column
`(c:tv E:-<G) 1\ concrete column havmg n
`sttucturul-strel or cast trvn core wtrh H maximum core aren of
`I l..:lm'par.·at 'kiii·Jm I
`20
`composite compact [Mt rj A powder conlp~cr composetl ol
`
`more than one luyer of till (rtcm wmpon~nt~ w1th c;trh layer
`I k:!m'p!lzo:lt 1klhn,pnkt I
`retaining Its identity.
`(Gtiot I A large vulcunit: t'OIIO constnu:tod
`composite cono
`of lava :tnd
`llyrt>eiMtk mntcrial
`in nltcmnlinll
`lnyCJs.
`1 k:~m'p:l,-;~1 'kon 1
`foRo( In nntinirctnO nrtillet y, .1 ddi!t~~>c
`composlto dofcnso
`lhnt employ~ twn (lr more t)'JlCS of fllc unit• which arc uucgmu:d
`into 11 single defense:. 1 k:~m 1pH1.·ot d:~'fens ]
`composite dlollng
`(niMMUN) Mu1hnd or dialins between
`diMnnt omccs over one leg or :t compodta >ct 1 l;:~m'pu7::>1
`'dHiiJ]
`composite dike [oeot.] A dike consisting of severnl intru·
`sions diffenog in chemical and mincralogiClll composition.
`I k;~m'pfll:at'clik j
`composite electrotlo (Mtit] 1\ lillcr-mciUI clcctroclc com(cid:173)
`I kam'rtli7·~tl'lck,triid J
`posed of more thnn one mcwl.
`(MAWM1 A mlxtu~ of ~ub.,tnnccs
`composite oxploslvo
`which con~un!C nod tli••· off oxygen. together with one or q:.v.
`cml simple ClXplo~tvcs; llynumitc i~ :tn cxnmtllc. 1 k:>m'p:lt.•;~a
`ik'spiO·siv I
`(llJ.I!CTR) A filter constructed by linking
`composite filter
`filters of different kinds in series. I k:~m'pliz•:Jt 'lil·tar I
`composite flash
`IOEOPm·sJ A lightnioJl discharge which i~
`made up of n series of distinctlightnmg ~lrokcs with all suukcs
`followinll the same or nearly the snmc chsnncl. and with sue·
`cessivc strokes occurnng at intervals of about 0.05 second.
`Also known as multiple dlschargt. I kam'pa7::11 'flnsh 1
`composite fold
`!OI!OL) A fold hnving •maller fold~ on ils
`limbs. I k:~m't~<tt'\li '16ld I
`composlto fuel 1 Mo\ lt:M I A bnt,td ~;Ia~' Clf ~ulld chumlc:nt fuel>
`rompo»Cd or ;I Cuul and uxi.llt.o:r .nul uo;ctl .~ 11mpdlnnt~ 111
`rockets; an cxnmple ol " lucl is plum11l fonnnldchyd.:. and nn
`oxidl1.er i~ anunomun1 Jl<'J~hlorntc.. Al\o known~~ compo.<.hc
`Jlropellnnl 1 k:~nt'plll';}l 'fyUI 1
`(MA 111) A functklll of unc m more in·
`composite function
`dcflCtlde~u Vllrillhlc.~ lluil nnllhcmsclve~ lun,lton~ of 11m: ~llllll.ln:
`othl:r lndcpcndetlt vmiubl~. I ~:~•n'pat?t'f:>Uk'Sil,lll ]
`eomposlto gono }CIIlN) Any sene nrhit•g hy r~combinatton
`between 1wo nnnallrlic gcnr~. lvctncd on 1wn ll<lnhomulogou~
`chromosomes, nnd con1aining po11ions of both genes.
`I k:mt'p"t'OI 'jCn I
`compoaltognolss )l't 1M) A b;ul(h:tl roc}. lomlc<t hy intimntc
`penctmtltm of magmn illlo ~ountry rock6, I k:un'tJ5rnt 'ni' ]
`composltogroln !••Mill A \Cthnwnt•uydu~l ft1nncd nftwtt
`I k:nn'tl.lr:U 'J!rlln I
`ur 111111\1 t>l'iJ\111UI (lllrliC'Ic\.
`composllo group IMA rul A gruup thnl conl:lin~ numml ~ub
`gmup~ mhcr limn the t<iclllny clcm.:~u ant! thr whulc llllllll'·
`I k;>rn'pU1.·:11 '&rUp I
`composite hypothesis (~nT} A hypothc.~i• thai specifics a
`mngc of volues for the dislribuhon or tbt• ob5crved rnndom
`I ~;Jm'pll1.';>1 hi'l~tth·:~"iJS I
`vnrinblcs.
`composltol·beam brldgc (ci\'1\Ntll Abcambndgcmwh•ch
`I he concre1e ,.,atlw••Y 1, mnh••nknlly bonded to rhc I beams by
`ntellM of shear connectors. I k:Jm'pa7·:Jt 'l ,bern ,brij I
`composite joint (MeT) A joint connccled by welding in con·
`I k:~m'pYz·:>t
`juncrion with one or more mechanical means.
`'jOint I
`composltemacromcchanlcs (ENO) nte ~tudy orcomt10Mie
`material bchnvior wherem the material t' pr1!8umcd homose·
`neoll\ ond the eflcc1s of the constituent mRtcrluls arc dctccred
`only as nver~ged apparent pmpcni~ or lhe composite.
`I k:~m'p!l'l·nt :nhtk·nrm;l'k,twok~ I
`compost to mop (MIN 1 ;o.;ul A IIIIIJIIII whtth wvcrullcvch ••I
`I I.Jut'p-"":'11 'm:•(l I
`'' 111111<' ;u.: ~hown CUI a <iu~lc 'heel.
`compos ite motorial ,..,.,. ru•lll""''c. I J.,un:ra,•ntrn:'l:ur~·:.ll
`composite mlcromochantcs
`(1 Nil 1 'I h< ,nuly ul cumt~<>qtc
`llllltctJUI bci~IVIIII Wlk'l\'inlh•· <llll.,litUCIIIIII·ItCIIIII· :u,· 'llldWcl
`llll " mlcroscnptc 'cnlr with ;;pectlic JITOpcrliC!i hcing n~~•gntd
`Ill cnt'h cun~tilucnl the inlt'lotlliom <Jf I hi! , . .,n,ltlurnl mntc1i~b
`IS ~cd lodch!nninc the flrtlflCIIIC\Ofth~~OIIlfk>"lc I 1\:.m'pUr
`:11 ;mik·ro·m:~'kan·tks I
`composite nerve
`)I'I!YSIO) A ncrv'' conlaming both scn~ory
`ant! motor hber~. I k:~m'ph·,·:~t 'n:>rv J
`composite number {MATH) Any positive integer winch i~
`not pnme. Also known as compu~ite qunnttty. 1 kam'p~t·at
`'n:tm·b:tr I
`composite photograph (GRAPHIU] An a~sembly of scpar:ue
`photographs, made b)• several tense~ or~ mulll[llt~· lt'ns c~mera
`
`COMPOSITE COLUMN
`
`steel
`beam
`
`section
`
`'~~f,, I I' ,,,,
`"']1! : ,,,
`I''
`~ ),w
`
`elevation
`Co oss ••ctlon uncJ etcvMfon of
`H c:nmJ,oshc <'Olumn.
`
`JTI Exhibit 1020, Page 0005
`
`

`
`porcellanite
`
`porphyrotopic
`
`1549
`
`pod CI'\ISiaceans of lhe group Anomura which resemble true
`crabs bul arc disllngutshcd by lhe reduced, chelale fiflh pcrcio
`110<lj mad lh~ wc:ll·tl~velufl"LLIlul fun. I ,Jl0t·~;a'lull'll1de I
`ll'llllt) A h>trd, d~nll<: ~llit·cotl\ mel.. ~11\'h a~
`porcallanllo
`lntPUN ~hen or lmlur111cd cluy ur ~h.slu. l p()r\d·;,,mt I
`porcupine (vt!.ll t /.tln) Any t)] •llxJul26 specie~ t>f rcklcnl"n
`1\Vu rumtllc-)(1 l y~tricic.lttc nnd Erethiwnlllltl~) which h:tvc spines
`I 'pOPky;,,pm I
`or qulUs in addilionlo regular halr,
`porcuplneboller LMP.Cll tiNC) A bollerhRving dead end whes
`l 'pO,.kyOI,pTn ;boil·ar J
`projcc1ing rrom a vertical shell.
`pore (ASTli.ON J A very smnll. dark area on lhe sun formed by
`1he separa1ion or adjacent lloccull. [BIOLj Any minute open(cid:173)
`ing by which mutter Jll~UCS through a wall or membmnc.
`[of'.OL) An opening or channelway in rock or soil. [MET) A
`minule cnvily in n powder eompacl, melnl ea.,ting, or electro.
`I p6r J
`plated coating.
`pore compresslblllly
`[OROL} The fractional change in res(cid:173)
`ervoir-rock pore volume with a \lOti change in pressure upon
`that rock.
`( 'p6r kom,pres~'bil~<N! )
`pore diameter [oes RNG] The average or effective diameter
`or the Q(lCJlings in a membrane, screen, or other porous malerial.
`1 '1IOr tll,am·od·ar I
`pore dtrruslon
`(1'1. MeCH) The movement of fluids (gns or
`liquid) into tbc Interstices of porous solids or membranes; occurs
`utmc:mbmne~p:lration, zeolilcadsorption, dialysis, and reverse
`I 'pOr di,fyU~t.hon I
`osmosis.
`pore lung us (MYCOL) The common nnme for members of the
`fnmilies Bolctaccae and Polyporaceae in lhc group Hymcno·
`myceres; sporebearing ~tuface,q ar-e chnractcristically withm
`rubes or pore,~. I 'p61 ,lno·g:n I
`pore leo lnvnl
`Icc which fills or pnrtiolly fills pore spnce.~ m
`pennn(roM; forcns by ln.'Ct.ing soil wntcr in place, wi1h no ad(cid:173)
`( 'pOt ,t~ I
`dition of water.
`porencaphaly
`[MHD) A condition in which the c:avily of a
`Intern! ventricle: extends ro the surruce of lhe cercbml hcmi·
`~phcre: m11y rcsull from bmin riss11c clesrruc1ion or maldevel·
`I ,p6r-:~n'scf~·ll~ I
`opment.
`pore pressure See ncutrul stress. ( 'p6r ,presh·:tr 1
`poro·slze dlstrlbullon
`(GIJOL] Vnrin1ions in pore si:r.e.~ m
`n:sc:.rvoir fonnnlions; each 1ype of rock has its own typical pore
`( 'p61 :stz ,dis·lrn'byU·Rhon I
`~ize Md relaled pcrmcnbilfty.
`pore space
`[GI!OLl Tite pores in n rock or soil considered
`l 'p6r ,spas I
`collectively. Also known as pore volume.
`I 'pOr, vltl·y:m1 I
`pore volume Su pore space.
`I 'pOr :wt><l·ar ,presh•
`pore-water pressure Su ncu1ral stress.
`:Jr I
`(MRTI!OROL) Violent northeasl winds on lhe Black Sea
`poria%
`ncar lhe Bospol'\1~. ( 1p6r<C,tiz )
`Porifera
`[rNv :~.oo) Tiu: $pOngcs, n phylum of lhe animal
`kingdom characterized by the presence of canal systems and
`chambers through which waler il. drawn in and released; tissues
`I p:l'rir·:>·rn I
`and organs are absent
`Porlezzlne [MI!TilOROL) An cast wind on Lake Lugano (Italy
`and Switzerland), blowing from the Gutr of Porlczza.
`( ,pOr
`let'se·na 1
`poroeyte [tNV roo) Oneor1bc perrorated,lubularcclls which
`constitute the wall of the incurrenr canals in certain Porifera.
`( 'p6P:>,sit I
`porogamy [a01·] PnsSllge of the pollen lube through the mi(cid:173)
`cropyle of an ovule in a seed plant.
`( p6'rlig·o·me J
`Poromerlc material
`[TEXT] A fabric made of polyurelhane
`( :p6r-o;me·trik m:~'tire·ol I
`strengthened by polyester.
`poroslmeter
`[llNG) Lnboralory compressed-gas device used
`I ,p6r·
`f~r. measurement or the porostty of reservoir rocks.
`o Slm·:ld·ar )
`Porosis [MllD) Condirioncharaclerizcd by increased pomsity,
`as or bone. 1 p:t'r6·sos l
`Po~oslty IPIIYli] 1. Prop~rty of a solid whtch contains mnny
`nunure chnnncls or upen spncc;~ 2. The fmcrion a~ a percent
`of lhu tohtl volume occupied by lhe.<e chnnncls or spnces; for
`example, in petroleum engineering the rauo (c.xpre~scd in pcr(cid:173)
`cenl) nf rnc void ~puce in,, rock tn I he l•ulk volume or rhul rock.
`I p:~'rU>·.,d·~ 1
`l(t·"·•vnir fiiiiU\11) frnction mul·
`Porosity feet
`(PIIHn I!N<•J
`tlplicc1 by net pay tn teet, whcr~ fl<lll>\11)' llol\·unn isth~ pori inn
`llflhe I~CI"\'<lir 1hnt i$ porou~. umlul'l I"'Y 1, 1hc dcplh ~nd :Uettl
`I p:l'rli\•;td·~
`exrenl uf rh~ hy<lr.x:arbcm~·cunlnimng rcscrvotr
`'let 1
`POrosity trap Sea strnrigraphic trap.
`
`I pa'ras·nd·l! ,trap J
`
`porous [MATER) 1. Filled wilh pores. 2. Capable of absorb(cid:173)
`( 'p6r·as I
`ing liquids.
`porous alum See aluminum sodium sulfate. I 'p6r·~s 'al·:>m 1
`porous bearing
`(DES ENG] A bearing made from sintered
`mclnl rowder tmpregnatcd with Otl by a vncuum lreatmenl.
`l 'p6r~s 'bcPiiJ )
`porous carbon
`[MATI!Jt) Plalcs, lubes, or disks of unifom1
`carbon particles pressed together without a binder; used for the
`liltralion or corrosive liquids and gases. I 'pOT':>S 'kllr·bnn 1
`porous graphite
`[MATER) Plates, tubes, or disks of uniform
`graphite panicles pressed together withom a binder; more resis·
`tam to oxidation but lower in strenglh than porous carbon.
`I 'p6r~s 'grn,m I
`porous metals
`(MilT] Metals, made by powder metallurgy,
`lul\•ing umformly dislribuled con !rolled pore sizes, in the form
`or sh~t$, lUbes, and shapes; used for filtering liquids and gases
`( 'p6r~s 'med·:~lz I
`al ctevaled lcmperalUres.
`porous mold
`(eNc) A plastic-fonn1ng mold made from
`bonded or ruscd aggregates (such as powdered metal or coarse
`pellet~) so lhal the resulting mass conlains numerous open in(cid:173)
`tershccs through which air or liquids can pass.
`[ 'p6r·as
`'mold I
`(ri!TRO I!NG) Scaled laboratory
`porous reservoir model
`model of porous reservoir used ro, l11c study of rescrvotr areal
`walcrflood erficiencies. I 'tlOr·:~s 'rcz·nv,w!\r ,mad-:~1 I
`porous wheel
`(DES ENG) A grinding wheel having a porous
`( 'p6r:>s 'wet I
`Slructure and a vitrified or resinoid bond.
`Poroxylaceae [I'ALI!OitOT) A rnonogencric family of extinct
`plnnr~ included m the Cordnirales. 1 p:l,r!lk'$:>'1iis-e,e I
`porpezile
`IMINURI\1.] A nunerut cunsisling of a nalive alloy
`of palladhun (5-10%) nnd gold. Also known as palladium
`I 'pOrpa,zil I
`gold.
`porphin
`[IHOCHEMI A heterocyclic ring consisting of four
`pyrrole rings linked by methine (-CH=) bridges; the basic
`structure of chlorophyll, hemoglobin, lhe cylochromcs, and cer(cid:173)
`( 'pOPf:Jn I
`tain other related subs1anccs.
`porphobilinogen
`[orocnEM) C10H140 4N2
`Diearbo~tylic
`acid derived from pyrrole; a product of hemoglobin breakdown
`[ !pO.r-fo·b~'lin·:~·
`that gives the urine a Burgundy-red color.
`jan I
`porphrile See porphyry.
`[ 'por,rrll )
`porphyria [MED) A usually hereditary, pathologic disorder of
`porphyrin metabolism characterized by porphyrinuria and pho·
`IO~Cilbiltviry. I pOr'lir·f·a I
`porphyrin
`(otOCIIBM) A clus~ nf red-pigmente-d compounrb
`wilh n cyclic rcarnpyrroltc stru\:ture in whicb the four pyrrolc
`rings arc joined through their n:-catbon atoms by four methene
`l>riclgc.~ (= ·C-); the porphyrins fomalheaclivenucleus ofehlo(cid:173)
`rophyll~ :md hemoglobin. I ·~,.f~·r?n I
`porphyrinuria
`IMUl} The excretion or large <1uanti1ics or
`l ,pOr·fa·ro'nyitr·t'11 l
`pot phyrin In the urine.
`porphyrlllc
`[l•nrRI Pcrtnwing to or resembling porphyry.
`I :p()r·f:>;rid·ik I
`porphyroblast [PilrKj A relatively large crystal formed in a
`I p<>r'liP::~,btasl I
`metamorphic ruck.
`porphyroblastlo lrtmt] Pertaining to the texture of recrys·
`talli1.ed metamorphic rock hnving lrugc idiobln>IS uf minemls
`pos~~~tng high fonn Cllergy In 11 fincr..grnincd cryslnlloblnstic
`[ ptor:lil"'<!:hlns·uk I
`ma1rn1.
`porphyrocrystatllcSu purphyrolopic. I J>C)r;fir-!l·kri'slal-ik l
`porphyroclastlc structure See monar srntcture.
`( p6r;lil"'
`(l;ktus·lik 'strOJk-.;b~r I
`porphyrogronulltlo [PFTRI Rcrening to ophttlc texture char(cid:173)
`ucteri7.ed by l:trr,e phenocrysts of felcbpnr nnd augite or olivine
`in n groundnms• of ~mallcr la!h·Shnpetl feldspar crystal~ anti
`irregular olllp,ire ynins: n comhmnuon or porphyntic nnd intcr(cid:173)
`I pt'u:fir'll,grwa•y:~'lic.l·ik I
`grnnular tcxlltrc.s,
`porphyrold lt'FTkl 1, A l>lasloJlOrphyrlno.:.Hr M•mcl•mcs por·
`phy1obluslic, melnmorphic rock of lllllcuu~ uri~:m. 2. A feld(cid:173)
`spnthic m~tascclimcnt:try rllclc hnvin& lht: uppo:atomcc 11f n por(cid:173)
`phyry. [ 'p<)d::~,roid I
`porphyroskellc lcfoL] Pertaining 10 :tiHU'tllngcme.nt inn soli
`fahnc whereby 1hc• plasma occur:. a~ a dcno;c mntrix in which
`~kcleton grains are set like phenocrysts in a porphyritic rock.
`1 por!fiN!skcHk I
`porphyrotope
`[CI(Ot.J A large crystnl enclosed in a finer·
`gmincd matrix in a sedunentary rock showtng rorphyrotopic
`fabric { por'fir·a,top 1
`porphyrotoplc [ono1.1 Referring ro the fabric of a crystalline
`
`PORCUPINE
`
`The Canadian porcupine
`(.ErBthizon dorsatum), ahoul. 3'/t
`feet (1 moter) long.
`
`Diagram of the canal system of a
`young frcsh-war.er sponge.
`
`JTI Exhibit 1020, Page 0006