UIlltGd States Patent [19]
`Smith et al.
`
`US005796772A
`[11] Patent Number:
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`I
`
`5,796,772
`Aug. 18, 1998
`
`8700370 H1987 WIPO ........................... .. H04J 13/00
`9315573 8/1993 WIPO
`J04] 13/00
`9318601
`9/1993 WIPO
`H04] 27/30
`" HgggBwffgg
`‘
`‘
`"
`‘
`9506365 3/1995 WIPO ............................ .. H04B 7/04
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Kavehrad. M. et al.. Performance of Low—Complexiry Chan
`ncl Coding and Diversity for Spread Spectrum in lndool;
`Wireless Communication, AT&T Tech. Journal. 64(8):
`1927-1965. 061. 1985.
`Unkauf. Manfred G.. “Surface Wave Devices in Spread
`Spectrum Systems”. reprinted in H. Matthews (ed.). Surface
`Filters. pp. 477-509 (Wiley 1977).
`Omnipoint Corp Voice. Comments on Winforum Spectrum
`'
`.DtdzA. .1993.
`Enquem’ u “g 28
`'
`'
`(L‘S‘ Commucd 0“ “m Page‘)
`'
`'
`,
`-
`pr‘m‘”) EmmmekTesfaldet B09“
`Anomey, Agent’ 0'' F"'m_'Ly°n & Lyon LLP
`
`{57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`[54] MULTI-BAND, MULTI-MODE SPREAD-
`SPECTRUM COMMUNICATIQN SYSTEM
`
`[75] Inventors: Douglas G. Smith. Arlington. Va.:
`Robert C. Dixon. Palmer Lake; Jeffrey
`S. vanderpool. Colorado Springs. both
`of Colo.
`
`[73] Assignee: Omnipoint Corporation. Colorado
`Springs. Colo.
`
`[21] APPL NO; 485,987
`_
`[22] Fllcdl
`
`Jllll- 7, 1995
`
`.
`_
`Related U‘S‘ Apphcatmn Data
`[63] Continuation-impart Of Ser. N0. 293,671, Aug. 18. 1994,
`which is a continuation-impart of Ser. No. 146,492, Nov, 1,
`1993. abandplned, and Ser. N0. 59,021, May 4, 1993, aban-
`doned, whic is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 976.700,
`Nov. 16. 1992. abandoned, and Ser. N0. 206,045, Man 1,
`1994, abandoned, which is a continuation of Ser. No.
`948.293. Sep. 18. 1992. Pat. No. 5,291,516, which is a
`continuation of S61’. NO. 698,694. May 13, 1991.
`
`[51] Int. Cl.6 ........................... .. 1104K 1100; H04L 27/00;
`H04L 5/16
`[52] U.S. Cl. ........................ .. 375/200; 375/259; 375/219;
`455/422
`[58] Field of Search ................................... .. 375/219. 220.
`375/260‘ 374‘ 376q 200_ 259; 455/33_1_
`54_1_ 36_ 133_1_ 266_ 303_306_ 422_ 312‘
`4032 379/59_ 60; 327/105
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`2154921 4/1939 v
`‘ '
`""""""
`’
`‘
`2,844,650 7/1958 Dutton .................................. .. 375/275
`(Ll-St continue/d on next pagc_)
`
`[00111 . . . . . . . . . .
`
`. . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`375/275
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`3984485 9/1985 Australia
`H0413 7,26
`0189695 6/1986 European Pat. on. .
`H0413 7/26
`0326104 2/1989 European Pat. O?". .
`H04Q 7/26
`3126333 5/1991 Japan ............................. .. H04B 7/26
`
`Atechnique for spread-spectrum communication which uses
`more than one mode and more than one frequency band
`Selectable modes include narrowband mode and spread
`spectrum mode. or cellular mode and microcellular mode.
`sslecmble frequency bands include both licensed and unli
`censed frequency bands. particularly frequency bands
`including the 902-928 MHz. 1850-1990 MHZ. and
`2.4-2.4835 GHZ frequency bands. Spread-spectrum com
`munication channels are 10 MHz or less in width. The
`frequency band onto which spread-spectrum signals are
`encoded may be changed upon a change in environment or
`other control trigger. such as establishment or
`de—estab1ishrnent of communication with a private access
`network. A multi-band transmitter comprises a single fre
`qucncy Synthesizer and a frequency Source (mg. a [06 a1
`oscillator). coupled to a selectable band pass ?lter. A multi
`band receiver capable of monitoring one or more frequency
`bands comprises bank of bandpass ?lters and a demodulator
`comprising a single frequency synthesizer and a frequency
`mum‘
`
`~
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`25 Claims, 9 Drawing Sheets
`
`TCL EXHIBIT 1048
`Page 1 of 22
`
`

`
`5,796,772
`Page 2
`
`U5. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`3.358.227 12/1967 Taylor ..................................... .. 324/57
`31528155 12/1971 Mulli-
`3933579 [0/1976 Clarke 6‘ a1~
`3991419 "/1976 Thomas’
`4.100.498
`7/1978 AS1111) et a]. ............................ .. 328/14
`4132952 111979 H9118“ ?ab
`4.163.944
`8/1979 Chambers eta]. .................... .. 325/446
`44641628 M979 Ward 9! a1, ---------------------- -- 179/15 BA
`4.189.677
`2/1980 Cooper 6161. ........................ .. 325/321
`4.222.115
`9/1980 (36611616161.
`375/1
`4,247,942
`1/1981 1161161 .... ..
`.. 375/25
`4,280,222
`7/1981 FIOWCI‘
`.. 375/38
`4,285.060
`8/1981 CDbb 6161
`375/1
`4.301.530 11/1981 (1111161661..
`370/1
`4.320.514
`3/1982 116611611
`375/1
`4,324,001
`4/1982 121161166
`.. 375/90
`4,327,438
`4/1982 1361616161.
`375/1
`4,355,399 10/1982 T111161
`.. 375/80
`4,355,411 10/1982 RClldiDk 6161. ........................ .. 455/33
`
`4,356,567 10/1982 Eg116111 6161..
`4.392.231
`7/1983 H6111y ...................................... .. 375/76
`4.408.350 10/1983 136116111.
`4,418,425 11/1983 F61111616161. ........................... .. 455/27
`4,423,519 12/1983 13611116116161. .
`375/80
`4,425,642
`1/1984 M66666161,
`. 370/76
`4,425,661
`1/1984 M66666161,
`.... .. 375/1
`4,432,089 2/1984 Wurzburg 6161.
`370/1101
`4,435,821
`311984 116 6161. ....... ..
`375/1
`4.455.651
`6/1984 B61611 ........ ..
`370/104
`4,456,793
`6/1984 13611616161. .
`l79/99R
`4,479,226 10/1984 Pl‘abhll 6161.
`.... .. 375/1
`
`4,479,227 10/1984 Bj611111611 . . . . .
`4,484,028 11/1984 81611657 6161.
`4.525.835
`7/1985 V6666 6161..
`4,554,668 1111985 D61116116161.
`4,587,662
`5/1986 L611g6w611p611
`4,630,283 1211986 8611111 ................ ..
`4,672,658
`6/1987 Kavehmd 6161.
`4,688,210
`8/1987 E1‘z611116f616161. .
`4,701,904 10/1987 D61616 ....................... ..
`4,703,474 10/1987 F6661111116161. ...... ..
`4,718,080
`1/1988 86116116 6161. ..
`4,724,435
`2/1988 M6666 61 61.
`4,736,371
`4/1988 163111166161. .
`4,742,512
`5/1988 141166111 ..
`4.748.642
`5/1988 1361166116
`4.754.453
`6/1988 1311611116161
`4,754,473
`6/1988 Haw/61116
`4.765.753
`8/1988 86111111111
`4,797,677
`1/1989 M66D61611 61
`4,797,947
`1/1989 Labedz ........... ..
`4.804.938
`2/1989 Rouse eta].
`4,807,222
`2/1989 Amitay .... ..
`
`. . . . .. 375/1
`179/2 DP
`370/29
`.. 375/1
`.. 375/1
`.. 375/1
`379/63
`370/18
`.. 370/3
`370/18
`..... .. 379/59
`340/87013
`370/95
`370/96
`455/188.1
`370/95
`379/58
`379/60
`. 342/352
`455/33
`. 340/310
`370/85
`
`1/1991 Gillig.
`4.989.230
`211991 1361161 ..................................... .. 380/23
`4.995.083
`5305183 4/l99l Carey et a],
`375”
`5.008.925
`4/1991 P1168
`.379/60
`5.008.953
`4/1991 D61111116161. ............ ..
`.455/33
`5.016.255
`5/1991 1311161161111.
`375/1
`5.016260 5/1991 Nlasuda ______ u
`_ 375/66
`5.018.165
`5/1991 8611116161111, ........... ..
`375/1
`5922946 6/1991 Mun-ow ___________________ n
`375]]
`5.022.047
`6/1991 ID1110116121. .............................. .. 375/1
`5923939 6/1991 H611‘,
`5.025.452
`6/1991 561111616161. ............................ .. 375/1
`5.029.184
`7/1991 14111116116161. ............... ..
`.. 375/1
`5.042.050
`8/1991 011611 6161. .
`.. 375/1
`5.042.082
`8/1991 D6111111 ............ ..
`455/33
`5,056,109 10/1991 011116116611 6161.
`.................. .. 375/1
`5.058.138 10/1991 P161116 6161, .
`................ .. 375/88
`5.063.560 11/1991 Y61b111y
`.. 370/18
`5,073,899 12/1991 c6111‘616161.
`375/1
`5.073.900 12/1991 M6111111116111 .............. ..
`375/1
`5.081.642
`1/1992 01166116161. .......... ..
`.. 375/1
`
`. . . . .. 375/1
`3/1992 86111111116 . . . . . . . . . .
`5,093,840
`455/33
`3/1992 6111101158118131.
`5.101501
`.......... .. 375/1
`5,103,459 4/1992 (‘111116116611 61111. ..
`...... .. 330/279
`5.107.225
`4/1992 W1166116y 6161.
`375/1
`5.109.390 4/1992 0111161166116161.
`.. 375/1
`5.111.535
`5/1992 16111111666 .... ..
`455/9
`5.115.514
`5/1992 L66116
`5.127.042
`6/1992 (11111.; 6161. ............................ .. 379/59
`5,142,534
`8/1992 81111116611 6161..
`5,150,377
`9/1992 v6111111661 ................................... .. 375/1
`5,153,598 10/1992 AIVCS ...... ..
`342/352
`5.157.686 10/1992 01111116 6161.
`...... .. 375/1
`
`370/853
`5.166.929 11/1992 L6 ........... ..
`...... .. 375/1
`5,166,952 1111992 01111116 6161.
`455/331
`5,175,867 12/1992 w6j116 6161.
`.375/1
`5,179,571
`1/1993 8611111111,;
`375/1
`5.185.762
`2/1993 s6111'11111g
`375/1
`5.193.101
`3/1993 M6D6116111
`370/941
`5.195.090
`3/1993 13611111116161 61. ..
`370/491
`5,195,091
`3/1993 8611116116161...
`375/1
`5210.771
`5/1993 86116611616161.
`375/200
`5.218.618
`6/1993 s6g6y ....... ..
`. 375/1
`5222.075 6/1993 R161116y ..
`375/1
`5,224,120
`6/1993 s611111111g
`375/1
`5,228,053
`7/1993 M11161 ....... ..
`375/1
`5231.646 7/1993 11661116161,
`5253.268 10/1993 01111116 6161. ............................. .. 375/1
`5,260,988 11/1993 5.6116111611616161.
`5263.045
`'
`'
`5,263,047
`5,263,079
`5.274.665
`5,280,472
`5,280,537
`
`
`
`
`
`4,811,357 4,815,106 4,837,786
`
`
`
`
`
`3/1989 Belts . . . . . . . . . 3/1989 Propp eta]. .. 6/1989 Gurantz et a]. ..... ..
`
`
`
`
`
`. . . .. 375/] 375/36 370/‘20
`
`
`
`5,285,469 2/1994 Vanderpoo] 5.289.497 5.291.516 3/1994 Dixon 2/1994 Jacobson et a],
`
`
`
`
`
`..... .. 375/1
`
`4,837,802
`
`6/1989 Higashiyama at a]. ..
`
`.. 379/62
`
`5.299.228
`
`3/1994 Hal] ........... ..
`
`375/200
`
`4.864.589
`
`9/1989 Endo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`. . . .. 375/1
`
`5,303,393
`
`411994 Noreen et a]. ..
`
`.. 455/542
`
`........ ..
`
`9/1989 Carey eta].
`4.866.732
`9/1989 McDavid et a]
`4.868.795
`4,878,238 10/1989 Rash et a1.
`4.893.327
`1/1990 Stem et a].
`4,901,307
`2/1990 Gilhousen eta].
`370/18
`4,905,221
`2/1990 Ichiyoshj
`.. 370/92
`4,928,274
`5/1990 Gilhousen et a].
`4,943,973
`7/1990 Werner ................................ .. 375/1
`4.955.083
`9/1990 Phillips eta]. .
`375/270
`4,972,431 11/1990 Keegan ........ ..
`364/604
`4,979,170 1211990 Gilhousen et a].
`......... .. 375/1
`4.984.247
`1/1991 Kaufmann eta]. ....................... .. 375/1
`
`..
`
`370/18
`5.313.457 5/1994 Hostetter eta].
`375/200
`5.315.583 5/1994 Murphy et a]. .
`370/18
`5,319,634
`6/1994 Bartholomew eta].
`. . . . . .. 375/]
`5,341,396
`811994 Higgings et a1. . . . . . .
`342/356
`5.347.284
`9/1994 Volpi eta].
`3751]
`5,351,269
`9/1994 Schilling .................. ..
`375/1
`5.353.303 lO/l994 Walthall ................... ..
`370/95.1
`5.3%.287 2/1995 Tiedemann et al.
`.... .. 3175/]
`5,400,359
`3/1995 Hikoso et a].
`370/18
`5,402,413
`3/1995 Dixon ................ ..
`375/205
`5.410.568
`4/1995 Schilling ....... ..
`5.416.779
`5/1995 Barnes eta]. ........................ .. 370/291
`
`TCL EXHIBIT 1048
`Page 2 of 22
`
`

`
`5,796,772
`Page 3
`
`5/1995 Gilhousen et a1.
`5.416.797
`7/1995 Levardtm - - - s - ~ - s
`5.434.359
`7/1995 Fukuchl_
`5‘434338
`8/1995 Gastolmiotts et a1. ..
`5.438.329
`8/1995 Schellinger et a1. .
`5.442.680
`3/1995 Petranovich ............................ .. 370/17
`5.444.696
`$454,028 9/1995 Hara et a1.
`._ 379/61
`5.455.322 10/1995 Dixon ........ ..
`5.469.468 11/1995 Schilling .
`
`375/705
`- - - - -- 370/34
`375/307
`.. 340/870.02
`
`
`
`5.471.463 11/1995 Hulbert 5.471.509 11/1995 Wood et a1. .
`
`5.481.533
`5.487.083
`
`1/1996 Honjg et a1. . . . .
`l/1996 Nakajima et al.
`
`. . . . .. 370/18
`375/200
`
`5.497.424
`
`3/1996 Vanderpool . . . . .
`
`. . . . .. 380/34
`
`5.506.837
`5.511.233
`5.533.011
`5.548.616
`
`370/31
`4/1996 Stillner et a1.
`455/561
`4/1996 Otten ..... ..
`370/18
`7/1996 Dean et a1. ..
`8/1996 Mucke et a1. .......................... . 375/205
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Letter to William Caton from Omnipoint. Re: Personal
`Communication Service/Pioneer Issues. Dated: Sep. 29.
`1993.
`In The Matter of: Amendment of the Commission’s Rules to
`Establish New Personal Communications Services—-Com
`ments. Received: Jan. 3. 1994.
`Joint Technical Committee on Wireless Access—JTC(Air)
`Dra?' PCSZOOO Standard (PN-3390) Date: Sep. 23. 1994.
`Kavehrad. M. et al. Spread Spectrum for Indoor Digital
`Radio, IEEE Communications Magazine. Jun. 1987. vol. 25.
`No. 5. at 32-40.
`Collins. J.H. et al.. The Role of Surface Acoustic Wave
`Technology in Communication Systems, Ultrasonics. Mar.
`1972. Vol. 10. No. 2. pp. 59-71.
`Kavehrad. Mohsen et 211.. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
`with DPSK Modulation and Diversity for Indoor l/Wreless
`Communications, IEEE Transactions on Communications.
`Feb. 1987. vol. COM-35. No. 2. pp. 224-226.
`Ruprecht. Jurg. Code Time Division Multiple Access: A
`Method for the Orthological of CDMA Signals in Multipath
`Environment, Aachener Kolloquium “Signal theorie”.
`Mobile Kommunikation Systems. Mar. 1994. pp. 1-8.
`Saleh. Adel A.M. et al.. An Experimental TDMA Indoor
`Radio Communications System Using Slow Frequency Hop
`ping and Coding, IEEE Transactions on Communications.
`Jan. 1991. vol. 39. No. 1. pp. 152-161.
`Dixon. Robert C.. Spread Spectrum Systems with Commer
`cial Applications (J. Wiley & Sons. 3d ed. 1994).
`Shaft. Paul D.. Low-Rate Convolutional Code Applications
`in Spread Spectrum Communications, IEEE Transactions on
`Communications. vol. Com-25. No. 8.. Aug. 1977. pp.
`815-821.
`Campbell. Colin K.. Applications of Surface Acoustice and
`Shallow Bulk Acoustic Wave Devices, Proceedings of the
`IEEE. Oct. 1989. pp. 1453-1484.
`Dixon. Robert C.. Spread Spectrum Systems, (J. Wiley &
`Sons. 2d ed. 1984).
`Radio Equipment and Systems Digital European Cordless
`Telecommunications (DECI‘) Reference document. HR
`015. Mar. 1991.
`European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase
`1); Mobile Station-Base Station System (MS-BSS) inter
`face data link layer speci?cation. I-ETS 300 021. May 1992.
`European digital cellular telecommunications system (phase
`1): MS-BSS layer 1—General Requirements. I-EI‘S 300
`078. May 1992.
`
`Mohanty. Nirode C.. Spread Spectrum and Time Division
`Multiple Access Satellite Communications, IEEE Transac
`lions on Communications. vol. Com-25. No. 8. Aug. 1977.
`pp 810_815
`'
`i
`_
`,
`1“ lhs Matter 0f= Amendment of ‘hf: commlsslon’s Rules to
`Establish New Personal Communications Services-Tenta
`tive Decision and Memorandum Opinion and Order
`Released: Nov. 6. 1992.
`In the Matter of: Amendment of the Commission’s Rules to
`Establish New Personal Communications Services—Com
`ments of Omnipoint Communications, Inc. Dated: NOV. 9.
`1992.
`In the Matter of: Amendment of the Commission’s Rules to
`Establish New Personal Communications Services-Reply
`Comments of Omnipoint on 1850-1990 MHz Personal Com
`munications Services Dated: Jan. 8. 1993.
`In the Matter of: Redevelopment of Spectrum to Encourage
`Innovation in the Use of New Telecommunications Tech
`nologies-Reply Comments of Omnipoint Communications,
`Inc. Dated: Jan. 13. 1993.
`In the Matter of: Amendment of the Commission‘s Rules to
`Establish New Personal Communications Services-Reply
`Comments of Omnipoint Communications Inc. Dated: Mar.
`1. 1993.
`In the Matter of: Amendment of the Commission’s Rules to
`Establish New Personal Communications Services-Third
`Report and Order Released: Feb. 3. 1994.
`In the Matter of: Amendment of the Commissions‘ Rules to
`Establish New Personal Communications Services—Adel
`phia Comm. C0rp.—Satcom, Inc. Dated: Jun. 25. 1992.
`In the Matter of: Request of Omnipoint Communications.
`Inc. For a Pioneer’s Preference in the Licensing Process for
`Personal Communications Services-Request for a Pio
`neer’s Preference Dated: May 4. 1992.
`In the Matter of: Amendment of the Commission’s Rules to
`Establish New Personal Communications Services. A
`Request for a Pioneer’s Preference for Personal Communi
`cations Services. Requested by Omnipoint Mobile Data
`Company-Request for Pioneer’s Preference Dated: May 4.
`1992.
`In the Matter of: Omnipoint Corporation. Oracle Data Pub
`lishing. Inc.. and McCaw Cellular Communications. Inc.
`Request For a Pioneer's Preference Dated: May 4. 1992.
`In the Matter of Omnipoint Corporation Amendment of the
`Commission’s Rules to Establish New Personal Communi
`cations Services—-Semi-Annual Experimental License
`Progress Report Aug. 1993.
`Omnipoint Corporation Progress Rep0rt—(Subrnitted with
`respect to Omnipoint's 1850-2200MH2 Experimental
`License KK2XCV. File No. 2174-EX-PL-91) Dated: Jul. 8.
`1992.
`Joint Technical Committee on Wireless Access (JTC)
`Omnipoint Candidate Air Interface Solution Date: Nov. 1.
`1993.
`Joint Technical Committee on Wireless Access—JTC(Air)
`Standards Contribution (Air Interface Standards Project)
`Date: Mar. 21. 1994.
`Omnipoint Corporation—FCC Experimental License Semi
`annual Progress Report Apr. 1992.
`Omnipoint Corporation—FCC Experimental License Semi
`annual Progress Report Rev. 01 May 1992.
`
`TCL EXHIBIT 1048
`Page 3 of 22
`
`

`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 18, 1998
`
`Sheet 1 0f 9
`
`5,796,772
`
`CHIP
`SEQUENCE
`GENERATOR
`
`CHIP
`SEQUENCE
`GENERATOR
`
`TRANSMITTER
`
`TRANSMITTER
`
`TCL EXHIBIT 1048
`Page 4 of 22
`
`

`
`TCL EXHIBIT 1048
`Page 5 of 22
`
`

`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 18, 1998
`
`Sheet 3 of9
`
`5,796,772
`
`
`
`5&8 550%
`
`29252;
`
`=
`
`55% A
`
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`
`TCL EXHIBIT 1048
`Page 6 of 22
`
`

`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 18, 1998
`
`Sheet 4 0f 9
`
`5,796,772
`
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`
`TCL EXHIBIT 1048
`Page 7 of 22
`
`

`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 18, 1998
`
`Sheet 5 0f 9
`
`5,796,772
`
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`TCL EXHIBIT 1048
`Page 8 of 22
`
`

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`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 18, 1998
`
`Sheet 6 0f 9
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`5,796,772
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`TCL EXHIBIT 1048
`Page 9 of 22
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`US. Patent
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`Aug. 18, 1998
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`TCL EXHIBIT 1048
`Page 10 of 22
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`

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`Aug. 18, 1998
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`TCL EXHIBIT 1048
`Page 11 of 22
`
`

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`US. Patent
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`Aug. 18, 1998
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`Sheet 9 of 9
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`TCL EXHIBIT 1048
`Page 12 of 22
`
`

`
`5.796.772
`
`1
`MULTI-BAND, MULTI-MODE SPREAD
`SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
`
`CROSS—REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`This application is a continuation-in-part of application
`Ser. No. 08/293.671 ?led on Aug. 18. 1994. which is in turn
`a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/146492
`?led on Nov. 1. 1993 abandoned. and application Ser. No.
`08/059021 ?led May 4. 1993 abandoned. (which is a
`continuation-in—part of Ser. No. 07/976.70O ?led Nov. 16.
`1992 and application Ser. No. 08/206045 ?led on Mar. 1.
`1994 abondoned. (which is a continuation of Ser. No.
`07/948293 ?led on Sep. 18. 1992. and now issued as US.
`Pat. No. 5.291.516. which is a ?le-wrapper continuation of
`Ser. No. 07/698694 ?led May 13. 1991. each of which is
`hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.
`
`10
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`15
`
`2
`for RF carrier or IF modulation. A narrow band modulation
`typically uses amplitude modulation (AM) or frequency
`modulation (FM). and has a bandwidth between 3 kHz and
`30 kHz.
`In spread-spectrum communication. the spread-spectrum
`signal which is generated and transmitted has a spreading
`bandwidth which exceeds the bandwidth of the data stream.
`When using spread-spectrum techniques for wireless
`communication. it may be necessary to avoid or minimize
`interference with other users of the electromagnetic spec
`trum. Some examples of such other users are microwave
`communication users (such as the Operational Fixed Ser~
`vices (“OPS”) using microwave communication towers) and
`cellular communication users (such as those using cellular
`telephones). In particular. OFS services are critical to
`controlling. among other things. the nation’s electric power
`grid. which makes the possibility of inadvertent OFS dis
`ruption extremely serious. Accordingly. it would be advan
`tageous to avoid or minimize interference with microwave
`and cellular communication users.
`In wireless communication. the transmitted signal may be
`subject to various forms of frequency-selective fading.
`which may cause the signal to fade or drop out over a
`localized range of frequencies. Although spread-spectrum
`signals are distributed over a wider range of frequencies than
`narrowband signals. they may also be subject to frequency
`selective fading over a portion of their spreading bandwidth.
`Accordingly. it would be advantageous to mitigate the effect
`of frequency-selective fading.
`Spread-spectrum modulation in more than one frequency
`band can be difficult due to the wide separation between
`frequency bands. For example. operation in the 900 mega
`hertz and 1800 megahertz bands could require a synthesizer
`capable of covering approximately 1.000 megahertz in fre
`quency spectrum. However. in hand-held equipment such as
`telephones. it is undesirable to use more than one
`synthesizer. or even more than one oscillator. due to
`increased cost. Weight. and related considerations.
`Accordingly. it would be advantageous to provide a spread
`spectrum system in which a single. relatively narrow. syn
`thesizer would serve more than one operating frequency
`band.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`1. Field of the Invention
`This invention relates to spread-spectrum communication
`and. more particularly. to a communication system using
`multiple communication modes over multiple frequency
`bands.
`2. Description of Related Art
`Cellular telephony has been well lmown for many years.
`but with its growing popularity. more channels in the allo
`cated cellular frequencies have become necessary. Among
`the proposed advances in the art have been a move from
`frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems using
`narrowband analog communication to digital voice commu
`nication using traditional narrowband FDMA techniques
`possibly coupled with time division multiple access
`(TDMA) techniques. Further proposed advances include the
`use of code division multiple access (CDMA) techniques
`such as spread spectrum systems. Examples of communi
`cation protocols include IS-45. IS-95. DCS 1900 (otherwise
`known as GSM). DECI‘ (Digital European Cordless
`Telephone). and AMPS.
`Another approach to the problem of allowing increased
`numbers of users in a geographic location is the concept of
`personal communications systems. or PCN’s. which utilize
`microcells. A microcell is similar to a cell in a traditional
`cellular system. except much smaller. Where a traditional
`cell may cover an area of several square miles. a microcell
`may only be a few hundred feet in diameter. By limiting
`transmit power. more microcells. and thus more users. may
`be co-located in a geographic area.
`Prior art does not teach a method for operation of a single
`telephone which has the ability to function both as a nar
`rowband frequency. time. and/or code division multiplexed
`cellular phone. as well as a microcellular telephone utilizing
`time. frequency. or code division multiplexing. Where the
`cellular and microcellular functions either share the same
`frequency bands of operation or are offset from each other.
`Nor does the prior art teach such a system where the
`microcellular mode may employ a paging unit independent
`of the unit’s telephone functionality.
`For purposes of the present speci?cation. “analog voice”
`is described as a system where an analog voice system
`directly modulates a radio frequency (RF) carrier or inter
`mediate frequency (lF) signal. and digital voice is described
`as a system Where the signal is ?rst digitized. and possibly
`compressed through any number of methods common and
`well known in the art. and whose digital signal is then used
`
`25
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`30
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`35
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`45
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`The invention provides in one aspect a transmitter and
`receiver capable of operating in a plurality of frequency
`bands and/or in a plurality of modes. making use of either
`narrowband or spread-spectrum communication techniques.
`The invention may be embodied as a cellular or cordless
`telephone which utilizes frequency division multiplexing.
`time division multiplexing. code division multiplexing. or
`various combinations thereof. In one embodiment. the
`invention possesses both cellular and microcellular
`functionality. wherein transmission and/or reception may
`occur using either narrowband or spread-spectrum signals in
`conjunction with either FDMA. TDMA. or CDMA
`techniques. or any combination thereof. A system in accor
`dance with the present invention may have two or more
`modes. such as a cellular mode and a microcellular mode. or
`such as a spread-spectrum mode and a narrowband mode.
`and the various modes may occupy common frequency
`bands. overlapping frequency bands. or distinct. offset fre
`quency bands.
`Another aspect of the invention provides a technique for
`spread-spectrum communication which reduces interference
`from microwave and cellular communication users. espe
`
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`TCL EXHIBIT 1048
`Page 13 of 22
`
`

`
`3
`cially when transmitting in a communication band generally
`used by those users. In particular. said embodiment provides
`a spread-spectrum technique having a spreading bandwidth
`of about 10 MHz or less. in combination with a known
`center frequency. The known center frequency may be
`within a microwave communication band or a cellular
`communication band.
`Another aspect of the invention provides a technique for
`spread-spectrum communication which uses more than one
`frequency band. particularly unlicensed frequency bands.
`including the 902-928 MHz. 1850-4990 MHZ. and
`2.4-2.4835 GHZ frequency bands. and including the
`1910-1930 MHz frequency band or other future unlicensed
`frequency bands. In said embodiment. the frequency band
`onto which spread-spectrum signals are encoded may be
`changed upon a change in environment or other control
`trigger. such as establishment or de-establishment of com
`munication with a private access network
`The invention may be embodied as a transmitter generally
`comprising a switch. a tunable-frequency synthesizer. one or
`more modulators. a dual-band power ampli?er (where the
`dual modes occupy distinct frequency bands) or a single
`band power ampli?er (where the dual modes occupy single.
`contiguous. or closely placed distinct bands). and an adjust~
`able bandpass ?lter. The switch may be used to select either
`narrowband or spread-spectrum modulation. or may be used
`to select one of a plurality of frequency bands for transmis
`sion. If narrowband mode is selected. a narrowband modu
`lator modulates an input signal. combines it with a carrier
`frequency generated by the tunable frequency synthesizer.
`and provides an output to the power amplifier and the
`adjustable bandpass ?lter for transmission. If spread
`spectrum mode is selected. the input signal is provided to a
`spread-spectrum modulator for generating a spread
`spectrum signal. The spread-spectrum signal is combined
`with a carrier frequency generated by the tunable frequency
`synthesizer and provided to the power ampli?er and the
`adjustable bandpass ?lter for transmission. The adjustable
`bandpass ?lter may be tuned. and the power ampli?er
`switched. where distinct. o?’ set frequencies are employed for
`the two operating modes.
`The invention may also be embodied as a receiver gen
`erally comprising a switch. a tunable-frequency synthesizer.
`a tunable bandpass ?lter. a preampli?er. a frequency
`converter. an [F ampli?er. and one or more demodulators.
`The receiver generally operates in reverse fashion from the
`transmitter. whereby the mode select switch is used to select
`between narrowband or spread-spectrum reception. If in
`narrowband mode. the adjustable bandpass ?lter may be
`adjusted to a narrow bandwidth for passing a received
`narrowband signal. while in a spread-spectrum mode the
`adjustable bandpass ?lter may be adjusted to a wide band
`width for passing a received spread-spectrum signal. The
`bandpass ?lter also is tunable. where different frequencies
`are utilized for distinct modes. and the preampli?er may also
`be switch selected or tuned to the appropriate band where the
`dual modes employ distinct. separated frequency band. The
`received signal is converted to an IF signal using a local
`oscillator signal from the tunable-frequency synthesizer. and
`the IF signal is demodulated by either the spread-spectrum
`demodulator or the narrowband demodulator depending on
`the chosen mode.
`The invention further provides in another aspect a dual
`band spread-spectrum modulator which uses a single. rela
`tively narrow. synthesizer to serve two operating frequency
`bands. In the lower frequency band. the synthesizer may
`operate in a high-side injection mode. while in the higher
`
`The accompanying drawings. which are incorporated in
`and constitute a part of the speci?cation. illustrate preferred
`embodiments of the invention. and together with the
`description serve to explain the principles of the invention.
`FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a spread-spectrum commu
`nication transmitter and receiver;
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a dual-mode transmitter
`according to the invention;
`FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a dual-mode receiver
`according to the present invention;
`FIGS. 4 and 5 are illustrations comparing exclusion zones
`around a microwave beampath:
`FIG. 6 is a diagram of triangular cells arranged in a grid
`pattern;
`FIG. 7 is a diagram of a triangular cell;
`FIGS. 8 and 9 are diagrams showing an allocation of
`frequency bands:
`FIG. 10 shows a dual-mode spread-spectrum modulator
`with two frequency bands;
`FIG. 11 shows a programmable frequency generator;
`FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing an alternative
`embodiment of a transmitter using a single frequency syn
`thesizer for communicating over a plurality of frequency
`bands;
`FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing another alternative
`embodiment of a transmitter using a single frequency syn
`thesizer for allowing communication over a plurality of
`frequency bands;
`FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a receiver using a single
`frequency synthesizer for demodulating signals that may be
`sent over more than one frequency band; and
`FIG. 15 is a diagram of frequency bands and sub-bands
`illustrating frequency pairs that may be generated by the
`transmitters shown in FIGS. 11. 12 or 13.
`
`45
`
`50
`
`5.796.772
`
`4
`frequency range. the synthesizer may operate in a low-side
`injection mode. In one embodiment. the lower frequency
`range may comprise about 1850 to 1990 megahertz. while
`the higher frequency range may comprise about 2400 to
`2483.5 megahertz.
`Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be
`set forth in part in the description which follows. and may
`be obvious from the description or learned by practice of the
`invention. The objects and advantages of the invention also
`may be realized and attained by means of the instrumen
`talities and combinations particularly pointed out in the
`appended claims.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`30
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`35
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`55
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`65
`
`DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED
`EMBODIMENTS
`
`Reference will now be made in detail to the present
`preferred embodiments of the invention. examples of which
`are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. wherein like
`reference numerals indicate like elements throughout the
`several views. The disclosure of the invention may be
`supplemented by the contents of technical information
`appended to this speci?cation in a technical appendix.
`hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.
`No admission is made as to possible prior art effect of any
`part of the appendix.
`Modern and proposed cellular telephone systems cur
`rently utilize high power. frequency. time. and/or code
`
`TCL EXHIBIT 1048
`Page 14 of 22
`
`

`
`5
`division multiplexed narrowband radio frequency commu
`nication techniques in conjunction with large cells to estab
`lish and maintain telephone communications. With the
`growing popularity of these systems. increased user capacity
`is required within a geographical area. One approach to
`providing incr