, T’,
`
`ll-SEE Std 100-1992
`
`The New IEEE Standard Dictionary
`of Electrical and Electronics Terms n
`
`
`
`Newly Revised and Expanded
`
`Fifth Edition
`
`
`
`Published by the
`Institute of
`
`Electrical and
`Electronics
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`a
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`Engi eeee5, Inc.
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`PETITIONERS 1017-0001
`
`

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`Members of th
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`users of the" st
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`have the lates
`Comments
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`of portions 01
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`interests. F01
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`PETITIONERS 1017-0002
`
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`.._w,..,t~¥v-4W,.
`
`A“-54
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`We
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`i
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`.;
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`SH715594 ".~
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` The Institute of Electrical and Electronics En 'gineers, Inc.
`345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USA
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`Copyright © 1993 by the
`Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers“-'I'n:c 7 ‘
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`All rights reserved. Published 1993
`Printed in the United States ofAmerica
` ISBN 1—55937-240-0
`in an electronic retrieval system oriotherwise, ~
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`No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form "
`
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`

`
`
`
`correlation
`
`cosecant-squared beam antenn .
`
`.
`
`t altit
`
`quarfid P3-“$.31.-'1,
`j cosecant'5
`t nna pattern‘!
`plane an ethe square 0.
`varies as
`elevation angle- Them
`th t it causes
`1:a:;::n.::..:‘.
`a
`moving at constan
`of range-
`cosine-cubed law (“hm
`An extension tofegileflcli
`distance d be W e.wh
`replaced by h/ cos
`lar distance of the so»
`th point is loca
`‘:h(11?;s3e:/h2- (See fig‘
`law.
`* I
`
`
`
`* cosine-_=»—5
`
`cosine emission 18“
`law.
`
`*“‘:.":".::
`stating that
`varies as the C951?
`The angle of mtg e.
`the normal t0
`C ‘.
`the incident light‘
`the cosine law can
`(12. See: inverse-SQ
`cosmic noise. (radia
`like radio Waves °
`sources.
`
`ve:
`cosmic radio W3
`costaffi (°°““°1s:
`adjoint System‘
`at of increment
`coterns) (|15““uy a
`lion British th
`replacement cost
`Sumed to suppl.
`generation. 59‘
`quency and 8111'!
`costs (P°"°" M:
`with mvestmen
`fixed investrn
`costs: V3fl“b‘°
`coulomb- The
`(lnternationa
`
`
`
`PETITIONERS 1017-0003
`
`or more photons originating from a single
`485-1983.
`nuclear disintegration.
`(2) (sodium iodide detector). The simulta-
`neous detection of two or more photons origi-
`nating from a single disintegration.
`N42.12-1980
`
`correlation (test, measurement, and diagnos-
`tic equipment). That portion of certification
`which establishes the mutual relationships
`between similar or identical support test sys-
`tems by comparing test data collected on spec-
`imen hardware or simulators.
`[2]
`correlation
`coefflcient
`function
`(seismic
`qualification of Class 1E equipment
`for
`nuclear power generating stations). Defines
`a comparative relationship between two time
`histories. It provides a statistical estimate of
`how much two motions are related. as a"°'
`function of time delay. The numerical range is
`from zero for unrelated,
`to +1.0 for related
`motions.
`344-1987
`
`correlation detection (modulation systems).
`Detection based on the averaged product of the
`received signal and a locally generated function
`. possessing some known characteristic of the
`transmitted wave. Notes:
`(1) The averaged
`product can be formed.
`for example. by
`multiplying and integrating, or by the use of a
`matched filter whose impulse response. when
`reversed in time,
`is
`the locally‘ generated
`function.
`(2) Strictly.
`the foregoing definition
`applies to detection based on cross‘c9rrelation.
`The term correlation detection may also apply
`to detection involving autocorrelation, in.whi’ch
`case the locally generated function is merely a
`delayed form of the received signal.
`[123]
`610.3-1989
`correspondence. See: fidelity.
`corrosion. The deterioration of a substance
`(usually a metal) because of a reaction with its
`environment.
`I
`[59]
`
`corrosion fatigue. Reduction in fatigue life in a
`corrosive environment.
`.
`[59]
`
`corrosion fatigue limit. The maximum repeated
`stress endured by a metal without failure in a
`stated number of stress applications under
`defined conditions of corrosion and stressing.
`[59]
`corrosion rate. The rate at which corrosion
`proceeds.
`[59]
`
`(power and distribution
`corrosion-resistant
`transformer). So constructed. protected. or
`treated that corrosion will not exceed specified
`limits under specified test conditions.
`C57.12.80-1978
`
`corrosion-resistant parts (electric installa-
`tions on shipboard).
`(A) General. Where
`essential
`to minimize deterioration due to
`marine
`atmospheric
`corrosion,
`corrosion-
`resisting materials. or other materials treated
`in a satisfactory manner to render them ade-
`quately resistant to corrosion should be used.
`
`(B) Corrosion-resisting materials. Silver. con-
`sion-resisting steel, copper, brass. bronze. cop
`per-nickel. certain nickel-copper alloys. and
`certain aluminum alloys are considered satis-,(
`factory corrosion-resisting materials within the ,
`intent of the foregoing. (C) Corrosion-resistant ‘-
`treatments. The following treatments. when‘
`properly done and of a sufficiently heavy coat
`ing, are considered satisfactory corrosion ’
`resistant treatments within the intent of the
`foregoing. Electroplating of: cadmium. chro-
`mium.
`copper.
`nickel.
`silver.
`and zinc,
`sheradizing. galvanizing dipping and painting.
`(Phosphate or suitable cleaning.
`followed by
`the application of zinc chromate primer or
`equivalent.) (D) Application. These provisions
`should apply to the following components: (1)
`Parts. Interior small parts which are normally
`expected to be removed in service. such as
`bolts. nuts. pins. screws. cap screws.
`termi-
`nals. brushholder studs.
`springs.
`etc.
`(2)
`Assemblies. subassemblies. and other units.
`Where. necessary due to the unit function. or
`for interior protection. such as shafts within a.
`motor or generator enclosure. and surface of
`stator and rotor. (3) Enclosures and their fas-
`tenings and fittings. Enclosing cases for con-
`trol apparatus, ou"ter cases for signal and com-
`munication systems (both outside and inside).
`and similar items.‘tcIg'etl1er with all their fasten-
`ings and fittin'gs»"which' would be seriously
`damaged or renderedineffective by corrosion.
`-
`.~
`45-1983
`
`corrugated horn (antenna). A hybrid-mode ..
`horn antenna produced by cutting narrow. .»
`transverse grooves of specified depth in the
`interior walls of the horn. See: hybrid-mode
`,~ horn.
`‘
`145-1983
`
`cosecant-squared antenna. A shaped-beam
`antenna in which the radiation intensity over a
`part of its pattern in some specified plane
`(usually the vertical)
`is proportional
`to the
`square of the cosecant of the angle measured
`from a specified direction in that plane (usually
`the horizontal). Note: its purpose is to lay down
`a uniform field along a line that is parallel to
`the specified direction but that does not pass
`through the antenna. See: antenna.
`[35]
`
`cosecant-squared beam antenna. A shaped-
`beam antennawhose pattern in one principal
`plane consists of a main beam with well-
`defined sidelobes on one side. but with the
`absence of nulls over an extended angular
`region adjacent to the peak of the main beam
`on the other side. with the radiation intensity
`in this region designed to vary as the cosecant-
`squared of the angle variable. Note: The most
`common applications of this antenna are for
`use in ground-mapping radars and target
`acquisition radars. since the cosecant-squared
`coverage provides constant signal return for
`targets with the same radar cross section at
`different ranges but a common height.
`145-1983
`
`

`
`ontaneous strain
`
`spool
`
`1265
`
`spread spectrum
`
`the nonferroelastic prototype state to one of the
`ferroelastic orientation states. The prototype
`state, by definition, has zero spontaneous
`strain.) A ferroelastic crystal can be switched
`from one
`lerroelastic orientation state to
`another by mechanical stress. Any two of the
`states are identical or enantiomorphous in
`crystal structure but different in mechanical
`strain tensor at zero mechanical stress (and at
`zero electrical field).
`180-1986
`
`spool. To read input data. or write output data,
`to auxiliary or main storage for later processing
`or output,
`in order to permit input/output
`devices
`to operate concurrently with job
`execution. Derived from the acronym SPOOL
`for Simultaneous Peripheral Output On Line.
`610.12-1990_
`spooler. A program that initiates and controls’
`spooling.
`610.12-1990
`
`insulator. An insulating element of
`spool
`generally cylindrical
`form having an axial
`mounting hole and a circumferential groove or
`grooves for the attachment of a conductor. See:
`insulator; tower.
`[10], [89]
`
`sporadic E layer ‘(Es layer). An ionospheric
`layer of the E region that is thin, transient.
`and of limited extent.
`‘
`211-1990
`
`sporadic ionization.‘ ‘Ionization of the upper
`atmosphere, ‘irregularly distributed in space
`and time, and abnormally high relative to the
`average ionization level of the region in which
`it is produced.
`21 1-1990
`
`tube). The
`spot (oscilloscopes) (‘cathode-ray’
`illuminated area that appears where
`the
`primary electron beam strikes the phosphor
`screen of a cathode-ray tube. Note: The effect of
`the impact on this small area of the screen is
`practically instantaneous. See: cathode-ray
`tubes; oscillograph.
`[40], [45], [84]
`spotlight (illuminating engineering). A form of
`floodlight usually equipped with lens and
`reflectors to give a fixed or adjustable narrow
`beam.
`0
`[126]
`
`spot-network type. A unit substation which has
`two stepdown transformers. each connected to
`an incoming high-voltage circuit. The outgoing
`side of each transformer is connected to a
`common
`bus
`through
`circuit
`breakers
`equipped with relays which are arranged to
`trip the circuit breaker on reverse power flow
`to the transformer and to reclose the circuit
`breaker upon the restoration of the correct
`voltage, phase angle and phase sequence at
`the transformer secondary. The bus has one or
`more outgoing radial (stub end) feeders.
`C57.12.80—1978
`
`spot noise (figure (transducer at a selected
`frequency) (spot noise factor). The ratio of
`the output noise power per unit bandwidth to
`the portion thereof attributable to the thermal
`noise in the input
`termination per unit-
`
`bandwidth. the noise temperature of the input
`termination being standard (290 kelvins). The
`spot noise figure is a point function of input
`frequency. See: noise figure; signal-to-noise
`ratio.
`[1 1 9]
`spot projection (facsimile). The optical method
`of scanning or recording in which the scanning
`or recording spot is defined in the path of the
`reflected or transmitted light. See: scanning
`(facsimile); recording (facsimile). 168-1956w
`spot size. See: trace width.
`
`spot size. The diameter of a pixel on a display
`surface. Syn: beam spot size.
`610.6-1991
`
`spot speed (facsimile). The speed of the scan-
`ning or recording spot within the available line.
`Note: This is generally measured on the subject
`copy or on the record sheet. See: recording
`(facsimile); scanning (facsimile). 168-1956w
`
`spotting (electroplating). The appearance . of
`‘ spots on plated or finished metals.
`[119]
`spot-type
`fire
`detector
`(fire
`protection
`devices). A device whose detecting element is
`concentrated at a particular location.
`[16]
`
`spot wobble (teleyision). A process wherein a
`scanning spot is given a small periodic motion
`transverse to the scanning lines at a frequency
`above the picture signal spectrum; 2,01-_1V979w _
`spray plume. See: positive prebreakdown
`streamers.
`539-1990
`
`spread. delay. See: time delay spread.
`2 1 1 - 1 990
`
`spread. Doppler [GA]. The Doppler spread of a
`propagation channel is the spreading in the
`frequency domain of the power spectrum of a
`transmitted monochromatic wave. Note: The
`
`inversely related to the
`Doppler spread is
`decorrelation time (~c,,):a, = (2m:,,)‘1.
`, 211-1990
`spread F (radio-wave propagation)”."A phenome-
`non observed on ionograms displaying a wide
`range of delays of ’ echo pulses, near the F
`region critical frequencies.
`'
`211-1990
`spreading factor. For propagation in isotropic
`unbounded media, that amplitude factor that »
`accounts for geometric spreading of the field
`intensity. Note: In the far field region of plane,
`cylindrical, and spherical waves. this factor is
`1. r'“2 and r'1 respectively, where r is the
`distance from the source to the observation
`point.
`211-1990
`
`spread sheet. See: electronic spread sheet.
`6 1 0. 2- 1 987
`
`spread spectrum (communication satellite). A
`modulation technique for multiple access. or
`for
`increasing
`immunity
`to
`noise
`and
`interference. Spread spectrum, systems makes
`use of a sequential noise-like signal structure,
`for example P.N.
`(pseudonoise)
`codes,
`to
`spread the normally narrowband information
`signal
`over
`a
`relatively wide
`band
`of
`
`ain. ‘
`
`180-1986
`
`in
`
`HI
`
`:
`{I
`1|
`1|
`
`I J l
`
`old axis ofsymmetry.
`
`gonal (4mm)
`
`0! collinear with the
`
`l the
`-h Was Derived
`ype Phase
`
`;ation
`
`ferroelectric
`y
`the strains
`all
`.stic crystal from
`
`
`
`PETITIONERS 1017-0004
`
`

`
`spread. time delay
`
`
`
`
`bile comn,
`‘ gompatibinv
`due to a signal 01
`other than that to
`see: electromagn‘
`(a) (spectrum “"
`spectrum analyze
`quency does not
`quencY- SW5 51”“
`(4) (frequency-In
`cations receiver!
`occurs because 0
`than the desired
`receiver.
`
`sprocket hole (test-.~ measurement and
`nostic equipment). The hole in a tape ma}
`used for electrical timing or mechanically d1-1”
`ing the tape.
`*
`(2
`spurious count
`(1) (nuclear techniques). A
`count from a scintillation counter other tha
`(A) one purposely generated or (B) one du
`directly to ionizing radiation. See: scintillatio
`counter.
`398-197
`(2) (radiation-counter tubes). A count caused "
`by any event other than the passage into or
`through the counter
`tube of
`the ionizing
`radiation to which it is sensitive.
`309-1970
`
`spurious emission power (land-mobile com-
`munication transmitters). Any part of the
`radio frequency output that is not a compo-
`nent of the theoretical output, as determined
`by the type of modulation and specified band-
`width limitations.
`377- 1980
`
`spurious__emission power radiation field (land-
`mobile communications transmitters). That
`portion of the spurious emission power which
`may be radiated from a transmitter enclosure
`and which can be measured in the near or far
`field regions.
`377- 1980(-
`
`(transmitter" perfor-I
`emissions
`spurious
`mance). Any part of the radio-frequency out-
`put that is not a component of the theoretical
`output. as determined by the typeof modula-p ' V
`tion and specified bandwidth limitations. See:
`;
`audio-frequency distortion.
`[3‘7,][,
`
`“
`
`‘
`
`spurious output (nonharmonic) (signal genera-
`tor). Those signals in the output of a source
`that have ‘a defined amplitude and frequency
`and are not harmonically related to the funda-
`mental
`frequency. This definition excludes
`sidebands due to residual and intentional
`modulation. See: signal generator.
`V
`[40]
`spurious pulse (1)
`(nuclear
`techniques). A
`pulse in a scintillation counter other than (A)
`one purposely generated or (B) one due directly
`to
`ionizing
`radiation.
`See:
`scintillation
`counter.
`398-1972
`[2] (telephony) (dial-pulse address signaling
`systems). The intermittent and undesired
`change of state ‘in a circuit from its on-hook
`condition
`(spurious make)
`, or
`off-hook
`condition (spurious break) lasting more than 1
`millisecond (ms).
`753-1983w
`
`spurious pulse mode. An unwanted pulse mode.
`formed by the chance combination of two or
`more pulse modes, that is indistinguishable
`from a pulse interrogation or pulse reply.
`1 94- 1 977
`
`spurious radiation (radio-noise emission). Any
`emission from an electronic communications
`equipment at frequencies outside its occupied
`bandwidth.
`C63.4-1988
`
`spurious response (1) (general). Any response.
`other than-the desired response. of an electric
`transducer or device.
`599-1985w
`
`spuriouS'l'¢5P°nse
`ratio of (Al the fi
`that produces th
`field strength 3‘
`field being app‘
`conditions.
`t0 1
`Image
`ratio
`response ratio I
`response ratio. .'
`
`spurious transmi
`part of the radi
`implied by the
`modulation.
`ff‘
`specified bandv
`
`(conducteu ,. n
`(2)
`radio transmit
`transmission I
`leads, radio-f1'|
`waveguides
`8:
`paths mhthe f
`not
`consideri
`foregoing
`d‘
`considered a‘
`See: radio tra
`(3)
`(extrabal
`transmitter I
`(4) (inband)-
`withm its spe
`radio transni
`(5) (radiated
`from a radi
`transmitter I
`antenna an‘
`transmitter.
`
`till
`gpurious
`tubes)-. C0“
`other
`than
`caused by
`spurious cc
`quenching j
`like. Spur“
`measurerne
`
`sputtering (
`terlng)- Al
`duction of
`nal is coat:
`by means (
`
`PETITIONERS 1017-0005
`
`these
`frequencies. ‘The receiver correlates
`signals to retrieve the original
`information
`signal.
`-
`[19]
`
`spread. time delay [02,]. Time delay spread is a
`measure of the differential propagation times
`due to multipath propagation. Specifically. it is
`V__the _rms width of the signal received when a
`very narrow pulse has been transmitted. Note:
`The time delay spread is inversely proportional
`to the freqluency selective bandwidth (ft):
`6, = (21gfT)'
`211-1990
`
`propagation). The
`(wave
`loss
`spreading
`reduction in radiant-power surface density due
`to spreading.
`-
`270-1966w
`
`spring (relay). See: relay spring.
`
`(burglar-alarm system)
`spring attachment
`(spring contact) [trap]. A device designed for
`attachment
`to a movable section of
`the
`protected premises. such as a door. window. or
`transom, so as to carry the electric protective
`circuit
`in or out of such section, and to
`indicate an open— or short-circuit alarm signal
`upon opening of the movable section. See:
`protective signaling.
`4
`[1 19]
`
`spring barrel. The part'that retains and locates
`the
`short-circuiter‘.
`See:
`rotor "(rotating
`>
`machinery).
`’
`[119]
`spring buffer. A buffer that stores 1h1a' spring the
`kinetic energy of
`the descending car or
`counterweight. See: elevators‘.
`[1 19]
`
`buffer)
`rating (spring
`load
`spring-buffer
`(elevators). The load required to compress the
`spring an amount equal
`to its stroke. See:
`elevators.
`'
`[1 191
`
`spring-buffer stroke (elevators). The distance
`the contact end of the spring can move under a
`compressive load until all coils are essentially
`in contact. See: elevators.
`[119]
`
`spring contact. An electric contact
`actuated by a spring.
`
`that ‘is
`[1 19]
`
`spring-loaded bearing (rotating machinery). A
`ball bearing provided with a spring to ensure
`complete angular contact between the balls
`and inner and outer races, thereby removing
`the effect of diametral clearance in both
`bearings of a machine provided with ball
`bearing at each end. See: bearing.
`[1 19]
`
`spring operation (power switchgear). Stored-
`energi operation by means of spring-stored
`energy.
`C37.100-1981
`
`sprinkler supervisory system. A supervisory
`system attached to an automatic sprinkler
`system that
`initiates
`signal
`transmission
`automatically
`upon
`the
`occurrence
`of
`abnormal conditions in valve positions. air or
`water pressure, water temperature or level. the
`operability of power sources necessary to the
`proper functioning of the automatic sprinkler.
`etc. See: protective signaling.
`[119]
`
`

`
`F
`
`i
`i\
`The New lE ',{ Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms
`
`0 Now includes invaluable abstracts of IEEE standards
`
`t 0 Over 30,000 terms defined from every field of electrical
`engineering, electronics, and computer engineering
`
`0 Over 10,000 new andrevised terms added since 1988
`
`0 Extensive acronym and abbreviation section
`
`0 Equations and formulas in easy-to-read type
`
`0 Quick identification of source document
`
`ISBN 1-55937-240-0
`SHl5594
`
`January 15. 1993
`
`«'3;-*=w—.———~~ 0
`
`V
`
`PETITIONERS 1017-0006