(12)
`
`United States Patent
`LeBlanc et al.
`
`(10) Patent N0.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
`May 22, 2001
`
`US006236365B1
`
`(54) LOCATION OF A MOBILE STATION USING
`a]
`
`(75) IIIVGIIIOI‘SZ Frederick W. LeBlanc, Arvada; Dennis
`J - Dupray, Golden, both of CO (Us);
`Charles L. Karr, Tuscaloosa, AL (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: TracBeam, LLC, Longmont, CO (US)
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`(21) Appl, N()_j
`_
`(22) PCT Flled:
`(86) PCT N0.:
`§ 371 Date:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U'S'C' 154(k)) by 0 days'
`09/230,109
`
`Sep' 8’ 1997
`PCT/US97/15933
`Jul- 8’ 1999
`
`§ 102(6) Date? Jul- 8! 1999
`(87) PCT Pub‘ NO‘: W098/10538
`
`PCT Pub. Date: Mar. 12, 1998
`
`Related U-S- Application Data
`(60) Provisional applicatiotl N9 60/056,603, ?led On Aug- 20,
`gr7o‘213210gaisgpgfgtigglp?lgt?)(g(?gfs6zébgléigs%?
`on Sep 97 1996'
`
`(51) Int. Cl.7 ...................................................... .. G01S 3/02
`(52) U-S- Cl
`342/457; 342/450
`(58) Field of Search ................................... .. 342/450, 457,
`342/357.01, 357.08, 451; 455/456, 457
`
`(56)
`
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`Primary Examiner—Thomas H. TarcZa
`Assistant Examiner—Dao L. Phan
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Dennis J. Dupray
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`
`A location system for commercial Wireless telecommunica
`tion infrastructures (CMRRs). The system is an end-to-end
`solution having one or more location systems (42) for
`plutputting requested locations of commercially available
`and sets or mobile stations (not shoWn) based on, eg
`AMPS, NAMPS, CDMA or TDMA communication
`Standards, for processing both local mobile Station location
`requests and more global mobile station location requests
`via, e.g., Internet communication betWeen a distributed
`network of location systems. The system uses a plurality of
`mobile station locating technologies including those based
`on: two-Way TOA and TDOA; home base stations and
`distributed antenna provisioning. Further, the system can be
`modularly con?gured for use in location signaling environ
`ments ranging from urban, dense urban, Suburban, rural,
`mountain to loW traf?c or isolated roadWays. Accordingly,
`the system is useful for 911 emergency calls, tracking,
`routing, people and animal location including applications
`for Con?nement to and from Certain areas_
`
`79 Claims, 42 Drawing Sheets
`
`LOCATION
`
`Appl. Prog. Interface
`
`SYSTEM
`
`'
`SIGNAL
`PROCESSOR
`I F 8
`TOA/TDOA
`MODULE
`
`\
`14
`
`\
`42
`
`20
`
`6
`
`(
`
`HBS
`MODULE
`
`v [10
`DA
`MODULE
`
`WIRELESS LOCATION USING MULTIPLE CMRSS
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 1
`
`

`

`US 6,236,365 B1
`Page 2
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`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 2
`
`

`

`_
`
`1,
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
`Page 3
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`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 3
`
`

`

`US 6,236,365 B1
`Page 4
`
`CC Docket No. 94—102, Before the Federal Communica
`tions Commission, in the Matter of Revision of the Com
`mission’s Rules to Ensure Compatibility With Enhanced 911
`Emergency Calling Systems; “Reply Comments of KSI Inc.
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`
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`GeoTek Communications, Inc. received Apr. 14, 1997 by the
`Commission.
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 4
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 1 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
`
`(lam?
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 5
`
`

`

`US. Patent
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 — Page 6
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 6
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 3 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 7
`
`

`

`US. Patent
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`Sheet 4 0f 42
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`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 — Page 8
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 8
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 5 0f 42
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`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 9
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 6 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 10
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 10
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 7 0f 42
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`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 11
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 8 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
`
`Start
`+<-————— <
`Measure total sys
`tem delay at ?rst DA.
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`time of pilot offset
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`repeaters, gain values and
`Pilot offset index;
`store results in DA Location
`database
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`N o
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`7
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`FIG. 8: DA Installation Procedure for
`Wireless Location
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 12
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 9 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 13
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 13
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 10 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 14
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 11 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 15
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 12 0f 42
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`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 16
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 16
`
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 13 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 17
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 17
`
`
`

`

`U
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`May 22, 2001
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 18
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 18
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 15 6f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
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`K510
`ANTENNA
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`
`FIG. 15: CDMA Mobile Station Prior Art
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 19
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 16 6f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
`
`[510
`ANTENNA
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`FIG. 16: MS Modification for RF Signal Telemetry
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 20
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 17 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
`
`Cordless phone
`Air interface
`
`Antenna
`
`.,”__§S7 or similiar
`links
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`
`
`
`
`Locafion
`
`Wireless
`
`(Air) interface
`in PCS
`
`Figure 17: Location and a Home Base Station
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 21
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 21
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`wM
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 22
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 22
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 19 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
`
`.893movNorTdownermwvN
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`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 23
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 23
`
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 20 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
`
`AA
`c A A A
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`
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`
`Fig. 20: MS at location B, detects 385 1b and 2a
`
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`A A A A
`
`Fig. 21: MS at location C, detects only BS 1a
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 24
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 24
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 21 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
`
`dam:
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 25
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 25
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 22 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 26
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 26
`
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 23 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
`
`
`
`Figure 24: Location and CTIAITR45
`Network Reference Model
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 27
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 27
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 24 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
`
`
` Location
`
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`
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`
`
`
`
`
`Figure 25: National Location
`Clearinghouse Structure
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 28
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 28
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 25 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
`
`
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 29
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 29
`
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 26 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 30
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 30
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 27 0f 42
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`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 31
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 31
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 28 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 32
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 32
`
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`

`US. Patent
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`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 29 0f 42
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`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 33
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 33
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 30 0f 42
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`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 34
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 34
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 31 0f 42
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`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 35
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 35
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 32 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
`
`Input Cropping: Clip below 50% of Freq. - 30 Mesh \fiew fn=extrude0
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`FIG. 33: CDMA PROFILE IMAGE AFTER INPUT CROPPING
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 36
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 36
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 33 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Input Cropping & Med-n Filter: .4 Clip & 4x4 Neighbors-3D Mesh View fn=extrude§
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`
`Note: noise spikes from previous figure are removed.
`
`FIG. 34: Results of Combining input Cropping (40%) with
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`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 37
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 37
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 34 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
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`Input Cropping 8: Median Filer: .5 Clip & 4x4 Neighbors-SD Mesh View fisemudea
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`FIG. 35: Results of Combining Input Cropping (50% clip) with
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`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 38
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 38
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 35 0f 42
`
`US 6,236,365 B1
`
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`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. — Exhibit 1009 - Page 39
`
`Petitioner Nissan North America, Inc. - Exhibit 1009 - Page 39
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
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