Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. cover-1
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. cover-2
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. cover-3
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. cover-4
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. cover-5
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. cover-6
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. cover-7
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. cover-8
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. cover-9
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. cover-10
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. cover-11
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. cover-12
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. cover-13
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. cover-14
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. cover-15
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. cover-16
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`INTERNATIONAL srnnmrm
`
`rru-r ascommanomron
`
`rsorrac 13313.1 : 1996 (rt)
`
`’
`
`INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY - GENERIC CODING OF MOVING
`PICTURES AND ASSOCIATED AUDIO INFORMATION: SYSTEMS
`
`SECTION 1 — GENERAL
`
`1.]
`
`Scope
`
`This Recommendation I International standard specifies the system layer of the coding. It was developed principally to
`support the combination of the video and audio coding methods defined in Parts 2 and 3 of ISO/[EC 13818. The system
`layer supports five basic functions:
`
`1)
`2)
`3)
`4)
`5)
`
`the synchronization of multiple compressed streams on decoding:
`the interleaving of multiple compressed streams into a single stream;
`the initialization of buffering for decoding start up;
`‘
`A continuous buffer management; and
`time identification.
`
`An ITU-T Rec. I-I.222.0 I ISO/IEC 13818-1 multiplexed bit stream is either a Transport Stream or a Program Stream.
`Both streams are constructed from PES packets and packets containing other necessary information. Both stream types
`support multiplexing of video and audio compressed streams from one program with a common time base.
`'I'he
`Transport Stream additionally supports the multiplexing of video and audio compressed streams from multiple
`programs with independent time bases. For almost error-free environments the Program Stream is generally more
`appropriate. supporting software processing of program information. 11te Transport Stream is more suitable for use in
`environments where errors are likely.
`'
`
`‘
`
`An I'1'U-T Rec. I-l.222.0 I ISO/[EC 13818-l multiplexed bit stream, whether a Transport Stream or a Program Sueam. is
`constructed in two layers: the outermost layer is the system layer. and the innermost is the compression layer. The
`system layer provides the functions necessary for using one or more compressed data streams in a system. The video and
`audio parts of this Specification define the compression coding layer for audio and video data. Coding of other types of
`data is not defined by this Specification. but is supported by the system layer provided that the other types of data adhere
`to the constraints defined in 2.7.
`
`1.2_
`
`Norrnatlve references I
`
`The following Recommendations and International Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text.
`constitute provisions of this Recommendation I International Standard. At the time of publication. the editions indicated
`were valid. All Recommendations and Standards are subject to revision. and parties to agreements based on this
`Recommendation I International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent
`edition of the Recommendations and Standards indicated below. Members of EC and ISO maintain registers of
`currently valid International Standards. The Telecommunication Standardization Bureau of the I'I'U maintains a list of
`currently valid ITU-‘I’ Recommendations.
`
`1.3
`
`‘Identical Recommendations I International Standards
`
`—
`
`ITU-T Recommendation H.262 (1995) I ISO/IEC l38l8-2: ...|), Information technology — Generic coding
`ofmoving pictures and associated audio information: Video.
`
`1) To be published.
`
`PRIOR-ART_0001252
`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 103 8, p. 1
`HTC and LG V. PUMA, IPR20l5-01501
`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. 1
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`ISOIIEC 13818-1 : 1996 (E)
`
`1.4
`
`Additional references
`
`;r'*'*.
`..;.
`I
`I A
`
`_
`
`—
`—
`
`—
`
`—
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`—
`—
`—
`—-
`
`—
`-
`
`-
`
`‘
`ISO 639-2: .3), Codes for the representation of names of languages - Part 2: Alpha-3 code.
`ISO 8859-l:l987. Information processing — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets - Part 1: Latin
`alphabet No. 1.
`
`ISO/[EC 11172-M993. Information technology — Coding of moving pictures andassociated audio for
`digital storage media at up to about 1.5 Mbit/s — Part I: Systems.
`ISOIIEC 11172-2:1993. Information technology — Coding of moving pictures and ‘associated audio f0’
`digital storage media at up to about 1.5 Mbit/s - Part 2: Video.
`4
`ISOIIEC 11172-3:i993, Information technology - Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for
`digital storage media at up to about 1.5 Mbit/s — Part 3: Audio.
`ISO/IEC 13522-l: .3). Information technology — Coding of Multimedia and I-Iypelrmedia information —
`Part I: MHEG object representation — Base notation (ASN.1).
`'
`ISO/IEC 13818-3:l995. Information technology ¢- Generic coding of moving pictures and associated
`audio information — Part 3.‘ Audio.
`Recommendation ITU-R B'I'.60l .3. Encoding parameters ofdigital televisionfor studios.
`Recommendation ITU-R BT.470-2. Television systems.
`.
`Recommendation ITU-R 1311.648. Digital recording ofaudio signals.
`'_
`ileport ITU-R BO.955.2. Satellite sound broadcasting of vehicular. portable, andfixed receivers in the .
`range 500-3000 MHz.
`CCI'l'l' Recommendation J.l7 (1988). Pre-emphasis used on sound-programme circuits.
`IEEE Standard 1180:1990. Standard Specification for the Implementation: of 8 by 8 Inverse Discrete
`Cosine Transfomt.
`' "‘*'
`IEC Publication 908: 1987. Compact disc digital audio system.
`
`SECTION 2 — TECHNICAL ELEMENTS
`
`2.1 "
`
`Definitions
`
`For the purposes of this Recommendation I International Standard. the following definitions apply. If specific to a Part.
`this is parentheticaily noted.
`'
`2.1.1
`access unit (system): A coded representation of a presentation unit. In the case of audio. an access unit is the
`coded representation of an audio ftatne.
`‘
`
`In the case of video. an access unit includes all the coded data for a picture, and any stuffing that follows it. up to but not
`including the stan of the next access unit. If a picture is not preceded by a group_start__code or a sequenoe_header_code,
`the access unit begins with the picture start code. If a picture is preceded by a grot.tp_start,_oode andlor a
`sequence_header_code. the access unit begins with the first byte of the first of these start codes. If it is the last picture
`preceding a sequence_end..code in the bitstream. all bytes between the last byte of the coded picture and the
`sequence_end_code (including the sequence_end_code) belong to the access unit.
`2.1.2
`bitrate: The rate at which the compressed bit stream is delivered from the channel to the input ofa decoder.
`2.1.3
`byte aligned: A bit in a coded bit stream is byte-aligned if its position is a multiple of 8-bits from the first bit
`in the stream.
`
`2.1.4
`2.1.5
`
`channel: A digital medium that stores or transports an ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 I ISOIIEC 13818-1 stream.
`coded representation: A data element as represented in its encoded form.
`
`
`
`2) To be published.
`
`PRIOR-ART_0001253
`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 103 8, p. 2
`HTC and LG V. PUMA, IPR20l5-01501
`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. 2
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`2.1.6
`
`2.1.7
`
`compression: Reduction in the number of bits used to represent an item of data.
`
`constant bitrate: Operation where the bitrate is constant from start to finish of the compressed bit stream.
`
`constrained system parameter stream; CSPS (system): A Program Stream for which the constraints defined
`2.1.8
`in 2.7.9 of ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 I rso/mc 13818-1 apply.
`
`ISOIIEC 13818-1 : 1996 (E)
`
`2.1.9
`
`CRC: The Cyclic Redundancy Check to verify the correctness of data.
`
`2.1.10
`2.1.11
`
`data element: An item of data as represented before encoding and after decoding.
`decoded stream: The decoded reconstruction of a compressed bit stream.
`
`2.1.12
`
`decoder: An embodiment of a decoding process.
`
`i
`
`decoding (process): The process defined in ITU-T Rec. 11222.0 I ISO/IEC 13818-1 that reads an input coded
`2.1.13
`bit stream and outputs decoded pictures or audio samples.
`
`decoding time-stamp; DTS (system): A field that may be present in a PBS packet header that indicates the
`2.1.14
`time that an access unit is decoded in the system target decoder.
`
`2.1.15
`
`digital storage media; DSM: A digital storage or transmission device or system.
`
`.
`
`2.1.16" DSM-CC: Digital storage media command and control.
`
`.
`
`entitlement control message; ECM: Entitlement Control Messages are private conditional access information _
`2.1.17
`which specify control words and possibly other. typically stream-specific. scrambling and/or control parameters.
`
`entitlement management message; EMM: Entitlement Management Messages are private conditional access
`2.1.18
`infonnation which specify the authorization levels or the services of specific decoders. They may be addressed to single
`decoders or groups of decoders.
`,
`
`»
`
`editing: The process by which one or more compressed bit streams are manipulated to produce a new
`2.1.19
`compressed bit stream. Edited bit streams meet the same requirements as streams which are not edited.
`
`elementary stream; ES (system): A generic term for one of the coded video, coded audio or other coded bit
`2.1.20
`streams in PES packets. one elementary stream is _carried in a sequenc'e:;bf PES packets with one and only one
`stream_id.
`'
`
`
`
`Elementary Stream Clock Reference; ESCR (system): A time stamp in the PES Stream from which
`2.1.21
`decoders of PBS streams may derive timing.
`
`2.1.22
`
`encoder: An embodiment of an encoding process.
`
`encoding (process): A process. not specified in 1'11}-T Rec. I-1,222.0 I ISOIIEC 13818-ll, that reads a steam of
`2.1.23
`input pictures or audio samples and produces a coded bit stream conforming to ITU-'1‘ Rec. I-1.2220 I ISOIIEC 13818-1.
`
`2.1.24
`
`entropy coding: Variable length lossless coding of the digital representation of a signal to reduce redundancy.
`
`event: An event is defined as a collection of elementary streams with a common time base. an associated start
`2.1.25
`time, and an associated end time.
`
`fast forward playback (video): The process of displaying a sequence, or parts of a sequence. of pictures in
`2.1.26
`display-order faster than real-time.
`
`forbidden: The tenn “forbidden", when used in the clauses of ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 I ISOIIBC 13818-1
`2.1.27
`defining the coded bit stream, indicates that the value specified shall never be used.
`
`bit stream (composed of 0 or more elementary streams combined in a
`(multiplexed) stream (system):
`2.1.28
`manner that conforms to ITU-T Rec. 1-1,222.0 I ISO/IEC 13818-1.
`
`layer (Video and SYSNIIIS): One of the levels in the data hierarchy of the video and system specifications
`2-1-19
`defined in Parts land 2 ofI'1'U-T Rec. H.222.0 I ISO/IEC 13818-l.
`
`pack (system): A pack consists of a pack header followed by zero or more packets. it is a layer in the system
`2.1.30
`coding syntaxdescribed in 2.5.3.3 of ITU-T Rec. l-1.2220 I ISO/[EC l38l8-I.
`
`2.1.31
`
`packet data (system): Contiguous bytes of data from an elementary stream present in a packet.
`
`3
`
`PRIOR-ART_0001254
`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 103 8, p. 3
`HTC and LG V. PUMA, IPR20l5-01501
`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. 3
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`ISOIIEC 13818-1 : 1996 (E)
`
`
`
`2.1.32 ' packet identifier; PID (system): A unique integer value used to identify elementary streams of a program in a .
`single or multi-program Transport Stream as described in 2.4.3 of [TU-T Rec. l-l.222.0 I ISOIIEC 13818-l.
`
`padding (audio): A method to adjust the average length of an audio frame in time to the duration of the
`2.1.33
`corresponding PCM samples. by conditionally adding a slot to the audio frame.
`
`payload: Payload refers to the bytes which follow the header bytes in a packet. For example. the payload of
`2.1.34
`some Transport Stream packets includes a PES_packet_headcr and its PES_packet_data_bytes. or pointer_tieId and PS1
`sections. or private data; but a PES_pacltet_payIoad consists of only PES_packet_data__bytes. 'l‘he Transport Stream
`packet header and adaptation fields are not payload.
`.
`
`2.1.35
`
`PES (system): An abbreviation for Packetized Elementary Stream.
`
`2.1.36 I PES packet (system): The data structure used to carry elementary stream data. A PBS packet consists of a
`PI-ZS packet header followed by a number of contiguous bytes from an elementary data stream. It is a layer in the system
`coding syntax described in 2.4.3.6 of ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 I ISO/[EC l38IB-l.
`
`including the
`in a PES packet up to and not
`2.1.37 . PES packet header (system): The leading fields
`PES_pacltet_data_byte fields, where the stream is not .3 padding stream. In the case of 3 padding stream the PBS packet
`header is similarly defined as the leading fields in a PES packet up to and not including padding_byte fields.
`
`PES Stream (system): A PES Stream consists of PBS packets, all of whose payloads consist of data from a
`2.1.38
`single elementary stream. and all of which have the same stream_id. Specific semantic constraints apply. Refer to
`Intro. 4 of ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 I ISO/[EC 13818-1.
`
`'
`
`.
`
`presentation time—stamp; PTS (system): A field that may be present in a PES packet header that indicates the
`2.1.39
`time that a presentation unit is presented in the system target decoder.
`
`2.1.40
`
`presentation unit; PU (system): A decoded Audio Access Unit or a decoded picture.
`
`program (system): A program is a collection of program elements. Program elements may be elementary
`2.1.41
`streams. Program elements need not have any defined time base; those that do. have a common time base and are
`intended for synchronized presentation.
`-
`
`Program Clock Reference; PCR (system): A time stamp in the Transport Stream from which decoder timing
`2.1.42
`is derived.
`
`program element (system): A generic tenn for one of the elementary streams or other data streams that may
`2.1.43
`be included in a program.
`
`Program Specific Information; PSI (system): PSI consists of normative data which is necessary for the
`2.1.44
`demultiplexing of Transpon Streams and the successful regeneration of programs and is described in 2.4.4 of ITU-T
`Rec. H.222.0 I ISO/[EC I38l8-1. An example of privately defined PSI data is the non-mandatory network infonnation
`table.
`~
`
`2.1.45
`
`random access: The process of beginning to read and decode the coded bit stream at an arbitrary point.
`
`reserved: The term “reserved". when used in the clauses defining the coded bit stream. indicates that the value
`2.1.46
`may be used in the future for ISO defined extensions. Unless otherwise specified within ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 I
`ISO/IEC 13818-I, all reserved bits shall be set to '1‘.
`
`scrambling (system): The alteration of the characteristics of a video, audio or coded data stream in order to
`2.1.47
`prevent unauthorized reception of the infonnation in a clear form. This alteration is a specified process under the control
`of a conditional access system.
`-
`
`2.1.48
`
`source stream: A single non-multiplexed stream of samples before compression coding.
`
`splicing (system): The concatenation. performed on the system level. of two different elementary streams. The
`2.1.49
`resulting system stream conforms totally to ITU—T Rec.
`I-1222.0 I 1S0/[EC 13818-1. The splice may result
`in
`discontinuities in timebase, continuity counter. PSI, and decoding.
`
`start codes (system): 32-bit codes embedded in the coded bit stream. They are used for several purposes
`2.1.50
`including identifying some of the layers in the coding syntax. Start codes consist of a 24-bit prefix (OXDOOOOI) and an
`8-bit stream_id as shown in Table 2-18 of I'l'U—T Rec. l-{.2220 I ISO/[EC 13818-I.
`4
`
`PRIOR-ART_0001255
`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 103 8, p. 4
`HTC and LG V. PUMA, IPR20l5-01501
`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. 4
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`ISOIIEC 13818-1 : 1996 (E)
`
`STD input buffer (system): _A first-in first-out buffer at the input of a system target decoder for storage of
`2.1.51
`"compressed data from elementary streams before decoding.
`
`still picture: A coded still picture consists of a video sequence containing exactly one coded picture which is
`2.1.52
`intra-coded. This picture has an associated PTS and the presentation time of succeeding pictures. if any. is later than that
`of the still picture by at least two picture periods.
`
`system header (system): The system header is a data structure defined in 2.5.3.5 or I'I'U-T Rec. i-1222.0 I
`2.1.53
`ISOIIBC 13813-I
`that carries information summarizing the system characteristics of ITU-T Rec. H.222.li|
`‘ISOIIEC 13818-l Program Stream.
`
`2.1.5»!
`derived.
`
`System Clock Reference; SCR (system): A time stamp in the Program Strearn from which decoder timing is
`
`system target decoder; STD (system): A hypothetical reference model of a decoding process used to define
`2.1.55
`the semantics of an lTU~T Ree. H.222.U I ISOIIEC 13818-1 multiplexed bit stream.
`
`tlmeoslamp (system): A term that indicates the time of a specific action such as the arrival of a byte or the
`2.1.56
`presentation of a Presentation Unit.
`
`Transport Stream packet header (system): The leading fields in a Transport Stream packet. up 10 and
`2.1.57
`including the cont.inuity___counter field.
`
`variable bitrate: An attribute of Transport Streams or Program Streams wherein the rate of arrival of bytes til
`2.1.58
`the input to a decoder varies with time.
`
`2.2
`
`Symbols and abbreviations
`
`The mathematical operators used to describe this Recommendation I International Standard are similar to those used in
`the C-programming language. However. integer division with tr-uncarion and rounding are specifically defined. The
`bitwise operators are defined assuming two's-complement representation of integers. Numbering and counting loops
`generally begin from 0.
`
`2.2.1
`
`Arithmetic operators
`+
`Addition
`
`V
`++
`
`——
`
`Subtraction (as a binary operator) or negation (as a unary operator)
`Increment
`
`Decrement
`
`- or X Multiplication
`"
`Power
`
`I
`
`If
`
`DIV
`
`%
`Sight}
`
`Integer division with truncation of the result toward 0. For example. 7:4 and -‘H-4 are truncated to 1
`and -714 and "H-4 are truncated to -l.
`I
`
`Integer division with rounding to the nearest integer. Half-integer values are rounded away from 0
`unless otherwise specified. For example 3122 is rounded to 2, and —3r'f2 is rounded to -2.
`Integer division with truncation of the result towards —=o
`
`Modulus operator. Defined only for positive numbers.
`5ign(x}
`= 1
`it > O
`0
`Jr == 0
`
`--l
`
`rt -1. El
`
`N1NT( ) Nearest integer operator. Returns the nearest integer value to the real-valued argument. I-Ia1f—integer
`values are rounded away from 0.
`Sine
`
`sin
`
`cos
`
`exp
`
`Cosine
`
`Exponential
`
`5
`
`PRIOR-ART_00O1256
`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 103 8, p. 5
`HTC and LG V. PUMA, IPR20l5-01501
`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. 5
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`
`
`t
`
`__
`
`‘_
`
`i
`
`ISOIIIEC 13818-1 : 1996 (E)
`
`«I
`
`log“;
`
`loge
`
`Square root
`
`Logarithm to base ten
`
`Logarilhm to base e
`
`2.2.2
`
`Logical operators
`1|
`Logical OR
`
`818:
`
`1
`
`Logical AND
`
`Logical NOT
`
`2.2.3
`
`Relational operators
`
`3-
`2
`<
`
`Greater than
`Greater than or equal to
`Less than
`
`Less than or equal to
`5
`Equal to
`==
`Not equal to
`!=
`max [.....]The maximum value in die argument list
`min [....,] The minimum value in the argument list
`Bitwlse operators
`
`2.2.4
`
`_ 3:.
`I
`
`»
`<<
`
`AND
`OR-
`
`Shift right with signletttension
`Shift left with 0 fill
`
`2.1.5
`
`Assignment
`
`=
`
`Assignment operator
`
`2.2.6
`
`Mnemonics‘
`
`The following mnemonics are defined to describe the different data types used in the coded bit-stfeatn.
`bslbf
`Bit string.
`left bit first. where "left" is the order in which hit suings are written in this
`Recommendation I International Standard. Bit strings are written a.s:a string of is and 0s
`within single quote marks, e.g. ‘I000 0001‘. Blanks within it hit stri ngiare for ease of reading
`and have no significance.
`'
`Channel
`
`. ch
`
`‘
`
`gr
`
`Granule of 3 r 32 sub-band samples in audio Layer 1]. 18 ' 32 sub-band samples in audio
`Layer Ill.
`
`main_data
`
`'l'he rna.in_data portion of the bit stream contains the scale factors, Huffman encoded data. and
`ancillary information.
`
`ma.in_,data_beg Thisgives the location in the bit stream of the beginning of the rnain_data for the frame. The
`location is equal to the ending location of the previous fran1e‘s tna.in_,dal.a plus 1 bit. It is
`calculated from the main_data_end value of the previous frame.
`
`pan2_length
`rpchof
`sb
`
`This value contains the number of majn_data bits used for scale factors
`Remainder polynomial coefficients. highest order first
`Sub-band
`
`scfsi
`
`Scalefactor selector information
`
`switCh_poinl__l Number or scalefaclor band {long black scalefactor band) from which point on window
`switching is used
`
`6
`
`PRIOR-ART_00O1257
`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 103 8, p. 6
`HTC and LG V. PUMA, IPR20l5-01501
`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. 6
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`ISO/IEC 13818-1 : 1996 (E)
`
`switch_point_s ‘Number of scalefactor band (short block scalefactor band) from which point on window
`switching is used
`
`tcimsbf
`
`uimsbi‘
`
`vlclbf
`
`.
`
`Two's complement integer. msb (sign) bit first
`
`Unsigned integer, most significant bit first
`
`Variable length code. left bit fir-st, where “left” refers to the order in which the variable length
`codes are written
`
`window
`
`Number of actual time slot in case of blocKJYP° '== 2. 0 5 window S 2.
`
`The byte order of multi-byte words is most significant byte first.
`2.2.7
`Constants
`
`1t
`
`e
`
`3.1-1159265359
`
`171828182845
`
`2.3
`
`Method of describing bit stream syntax
`
`The bit streams retrieved by the decoder are described in 2.4.1 and 2.5.1. Each data item in the bit stream is in bold type.
`It is described by its name. its length in bits. and a mnemonic for its type and order of transmission.
`
`The action caused by a decoded data element in a bit stream depends on the value of that data element and on data
`elements previously decoded. The decoding of the data elements and definition of the state variables used in their
`decoding are described in the clauses containing the semantic description of the syntax. The following constructs are
`used to express the conditions when data elements are present. and are in nonnal type.
`
`Note this syntax uses the “C"-code convention that a variable or expression evaluating to a non-zero value is equivalent
`to a condition that is true:
`
`while ( condition ) I
`data_e|ement
`
`If the condition is true. then the group of data elements occurs next in the data stream. This
`repeats until the condition is not true.
`‘
`
`. . . }
`
`The data element always occurs at least once. The data element is repeated until
`condition is not true.
`
`the
`
`If the condition is tme. then the first group of data elements occurs next in the data stream.
`
`It‘ the condition is not true, then the second group of data elements occurs next in the data
`stream.
`-
`
`.
`
`The group of data elements occurs n times. Conditional constructs-within the group of data
`elements may depend on the value of the loop control variable i. which is set to zero for the
`first occurrence, incremented to l for the second occunence, and so forth.
`
`i d
`
`o (
`data_element
`while ( condition )
`
`_
`
`‘
`
`if ( condition) {
`data_element
`
`l e
`
`lse i
`data_e|ement
`av.
`
`l f
`
`or (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
`da[a_e|emen[
`, _ ,
`
`I A
`
`s noted. the group of data elements may contain nested conditional consuucts. For compactness, the U are omitted
`when only one data element follows:
`,
`
`“~
`
`data__element [1
`
`data_element [1 is an array of data. The number of data elements is indicated by the context.
`
`data_e|ement [n]
`
`data_element [n] is the n+lth element of an array of data.
`
`data_element [m][n]
`
`data_element [m][n] is the m+l.n+l th element of a two—dimensional array of data.
`
`data_element [l][m][n]
`
`data_element [l][m][n] is the l+l,m+l.n+lth element of a three-dimensional array of data.
`
`data_element [m..n}
`
`is the inclusive range of bits between bit in and bit it in the data_element.
`
`7
`
`PRIOR-ART_0001258
`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 103 8, p. 7
`HTC and LG V. PUMA, IPR20l5-01501
`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. 7
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`ISO/IEC 13818-1 : 1996 (E)
`
`While the syntax is expressed in procedural terms. it should not be assumed that either Figure 2-1 or Figure‘ 2-2
`implements a satisfactory decoding procedure. In particular. they define a correct and error-free input bitstream. Actual
`decoders must include a means to look for start codes and sync bytes (Transport Stream) in order to begin decoding
`correctly, and to identify errors. erasures or insertions while decoding. The methods to identify these situations, and the
`actions to be taken, are not standardized.
`
`‘
`
`2.4
`
`Transport Stream bitstream requirements
`
`2.4.1
`
`Transport Stream coding tructure and parameters
`
`The ITU-T Rec. I-1.222.011 ISO/[EC 13818-1 Transport Stream coding layer allows one or more programs to. be
`combined into a single stream. Data from each elementary stream are multiplexed together with information that allows
`synchronized presentation of the elementary streams within a program.
`
`Il
`
`A Transport Stream consists of one or more programs. Audio and video elementary streams consist of access units.
`
`Elementary Stream data is carried in PES packets. A PES packet consists of a PBS packet header followed by packet
`data. PBS packets are inserted into Transport Stream packets. The first byte of each PES packet lieader is located at the
`first available payload location of a Transport Stream packet.
`:
`3
`
`The PES packet header begins with a 32-bit start-code that also identifies the stream or stream type to which the packet
`data belongs. The PES packet header may contain decoding and presentation time stamps (DTS and PTS). The PES
`packet header also contains other optional fields. The PES packet data field contains a variable -inumber of contiguous
`1
`bytes from one elementary stream.
`
`Transport Stream packets begin with a 4-byte prefix. which contains a 13-bit Packet ID (PID), defined in Table 2-2. The
`’ PID identifies. via the Program Specific Information (PSI) tables. the contents of the data contained in the Transport
`I
`Stream packet. Transport Stream packets of one PID value carry data of one and only one elementary stream.
`
`The PS1 tables are carried in the Transport Stream. There are four PSI tables:
`0
`Program Association Table;
`
`0
`-
`0
`
`Program Map Table;
`Conditional Access Table;
`Network Information Table.
`
`*
`
`These tables contain the necessary and sufficient information to demultiplex and present programs. The Program Map
`Table.
`in Table 2-28, specifies, among other information, which PlDs. and therefore which elementary streams are
`associated to form each program. This table also indicates the PID of the Transport Stream packets which carry the PCR
`for each program. The Conditional Access Table"sha1l be present if scrambling is employed. The Network lnfonnation
`Table is optional and its contents are not specified by this Recommendation I International Standard.
`‘
`Transport Stream packets may be null packets. Null packets are intended for padding of Transportéstrearns. They may be
`inserted or deleted by re-multiplexing processes and. therefore. the delivery of the payload of null ‘packets to the decoder
`-cannot be assumed.
`
`This Recommendation I lntemational Standard does not specify the coded data which may be used as part of conditional
`access systems. This Specification does. however. provide mechanisms for program service providers to transport and
`identify this data-for decoder processing. and to reference correctly data which are specified by this Specification. This
`type of support is provided both through Transport Stream packet structures and in the conditional access table (refer to
`Table 2-27 of the PSI).
`
`2.4.2
`
`Transport Stream system target decoder
`
`The semantics of the Transport Stream specified in 2.4.3 and the constraints on these semantics specified in 2.7 require
`exact definitions of byte arrival and decoding events and the times at which these occur. The definitions needed are set
`out in this Recommendation I International Standard using a hypothetical decoder known as the Transport Stream
`System Target Decoder (T-STD). Informative Annex D contains funher explanation of the T-STD.
`
`The T-STD is a conceptual model used to define these terms precisely and to model the decoding process during the
`construction or verification of Transport Streams. The T-STD is defined only for this purpose. There are three types of
`decoders in the T-STD: video, audio, and systems. Figure 2-1 illustrates an example. Neither the architecture of the
`T-STD nor the timing described precludes uninterrupted. synchronized play-back of Transport Streams from a variety of
`decoders with different architectures or timing schedules.
`8
`
`PRIOR-ART_0001259
`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 103 8, p. 8
`HTC and LG V. PUMA, IPR20l5-01501
`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. 8
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`ISOIIEC 13818-I : 1996 (E)
`
`
`
`Figure 1-1 — Transport Stream system target decoder notation
`
`The following notation is used to describe the Transport Stream system target decoder and is partially illustrated in
`Figure 2-1 above.
`'
`
`i. i’. i"
`
`are indiccs to bytes in the Transport Stream. The first byte has index 0.
`
`j
`
`is an index to access units in the elementary screams.
`
`it. it’. it”
`
`are indices to presentation units in the elementary streams.
`
`n
`
`p
`
`t(i)
`
`is an index to the elementary screams.
`
`is an index to Transport Stream packets in the Transport Stream.
`
`indicates the time in seconds at which the i-th byte of the Transport Stream enters the system target
`decoder. The Value l(0) is an arbitrary constant.
`
`PCR(i)
`
`is the time encoded in the PCR field measured in units of the period of the 2': Mn: system clock
`where i is the byte index of the final byte of the prograt11_cloclt__reference_hase field.
`
`A,,(j)
`
`td,.(j)
`
`P,.(k)
`
`is thej-th access unit in elementary stream it. A,,(j) is indexed in decoding order.
`
`is the decoding time. measured in seconds. in the system target decoder of the j-th access unit in
`elementary stream rt.
`
`is the it-lh presentation unit
`indexed in presentation order.
`
`in elementary stream rt. P,,(k) results from decoding AHU). P,.,(lt) is
`
`tp,.(k)
`
`is the presentation time. measured in seconds. in the system target decoder of the k-th presentation
`unit in elementary stream :1.
`
`t
`
`is time measured in seconds.
`
`F,,(t)
`
`is the fullness. measured in bytes. of the system target decoder input buffer for elementary stream it
`at time t.
`
`B"
`
`BS"
`
`B5,,
`
`is the main buffer for elementary stream n. It is present only foraudio elementary 5trea.rns.
`
`is the size of buffer, B... measured in bytes.
`
`is the main buffer in the system target decoder for system information for the program that is in the
`process of being decoded.
`
`E35,.
`
`is the size of 13..., measured in bytes.
`
`I
`
`4?
`
`PR|OR-ART_00O126D
`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 103 8, p. 9
`HTC and LG V. PUMA, IPR20l5-01501
`
`Petitioners HTC and LG - Exhibit 1038, p. 9
`HTC and LG v. PUMA, IPR2015-01501
`
`

`
`ISO/[EC 13818-1 : 1996 (E)
`
`M8,,
`
`is the multiplexing buffer, for elementary stream it. It is present only for video elementary streams.
`
`Mas.
`
`is the size of MB... measured in bytes.
`
`EB“
`
`is the elementary stream buffer for elementary stream n. It is present only for video elementary
`streams.
`
`E88,.
`TB,“
`
`is the size of the elementary stream buffer EB". measured in bytes.
`is the transport buffer for system information for the program that is in ‘the process of being decoded.
`
`_ TBS”,
`TB“
`
`is the size of TB,,,. measured in bytes.
`is the transport buffer for elementary stream n.
`
`TBS“
`
`is the size of TB... measured in bytes.
`
`D5,,
`
`is the decoder for system information in Program stream it.
`
`D"
`
`0,.
`
`R5,;
`Rx"
`Rbx“
`
`is the decoder for elementary stream n.
`
`is the re-order buffer f