fie
`Dictionary
`of
`Multimedia
`Terms & Acronyms
`
`0 Copyright Issues
`
`B ra d H a n S e n
`
`Appendices:
`o The World Wide Web
`
`comprehensive
`
`reference for
`
`digital media
`
`Page 1 of 4
`
`HTC-LG-SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1014
`
`

`

`Dedication
`
`For my son, Graham.
`
`President and Publisher
`, Manuscript Editor
`Technical Editor
`Proofreaders
`
`Technical Illustrations
`
`Interior Design & ProdUCtion
`
`Jim Leisy (jimleisy@fbeedle.com)
`Karen Foley
`Peter Sylwester
`Tom Sumner
`
`Anna Keesey
`Ieff Ong
`Bill DeRouchey
`Karen Foley
`
`© 1997 Franklin, Beedle 8c Associates Incorporated. No part of this book may be reproduced,
`stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or transcribed, in any form or by any means—
`electronic, mechanical, telepathic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without prior
`written permission of the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed as follows:
`
`Rights and Permissions
`FRANKLIN, BEEDLE & ASSOCIATES INCORPORATED
`8536 SW St. Helens Drive, Suite D
`
`Wilsonville, Oregon 97070
`http://www.fbeedle.com
`
`Names of all products herein are used for identification purposes only and are trademarks
`and/or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Franklin, Beedle & Associates, Inc.
`makes no claim of ownership or corporate association with the products or the companies
`that own them.
`
`Hansen, Brad.
`
`Library of Congress cataloging-in—Publication Data
`V
`
`The dictionary of multimedia : terms and acronyms / Brad Hansen.
`p.
`cm.
`
`Includes bibliographical references.
`ISBN 1—887902—14—7
`
`1. Multimedia systems—Dictionaries 2. Multimedia systems—
`Acronyms.
`I. Title.
`QA76. l5.H32
`1996
`006.6—DC20
`
`.
`
`96—9368
`CIP
`
`Available inlllggaJéicfi a5¥SEN 1—887902—18—x
`
`Page 2 of 4
`
`

`

`DDR
`
`DDR (n.) Digital disk recorder; post—
`production studios often use DDRs to
`record frames ofvideo or animation since
`
`dedicated (adj.) Describes any comput-
`ing system that performs one function
`exclusively.
`
`they have hardware that is capable of cap-
`turing a large field of data at once. Abekas
`is a popular brand of DDR.
`
`DDS (n.) Digital _d_ataphone service; a
`telecommunications network that typi—
`cally transmits synchronous data at
`56 kilobits per second (Kbps) requiring
`special interface equipment at both ends.
`
`debug (v.) To isolate and correct errors
`or malfunctions in computer software or
`hardware.
`
`DEC (n.) Digital Equipment Qorpora-
`tion; makers of the VAX computer and
`VMS operating system.
`
`decibel See dB.
`
`default (n.) The standard setting of
`an optional parameter. Factory defaults
`are the original settings for most
`equipment.
`
`defragment (v.) To place all data on a
`hard disk in contiguous sectors, avoid-
`ing gaps between parts of a file or pieces
`of files spread geographically on the disk.
`When digitizing audio or video direct to
`disk, the disk must be defragmented so
`that a continuous stream of data may be
`recorded to the disk.
`
`degauss (v.) To remove a magnetic field.
`
`delimiter (n.) Any character or symbol
`that marks the beginning or end of a data
`segment.
`
`decimate (v.) To discard portions of a
`signal for the purpose of reducing the
`amount of information to be encoded ‘
`
`or compressed. Lossy compression
`algorithms ordinarily decimate while
`subsampling.
`
`delivery system (n.) The combined hard—
`ware and software used to present or play
`back media, whether it be audio, video,
`
`text, images, or a combination of data
`types, in an interactive environment.
`
`decoder (n.) Any hardware or software '
`system that translates data streams into
`video or audio information.
`
`decompression (n.) The process of
`restoring compressed data to its origi—
`nal condition.
`
`delta modulation (n.) A process for the
`conversion of analog audio to digital
`form, similar to pulse code modulation
`(PCM). It is the sampling of an audio sig—
`nal at 32 kilobits per second (Kbps) at
`1-bit resolution, as opposed to creating
`eight each 8—bit samples per second in
`PCM at the rate of 64 Kbps.
`
`decrement (v.) To decrease incremen—
`tally, or reduce by a single step.
`
`delta YUV See DY U V.
`
`Page 3 of 4
`
`Page 3 of 4
`
`

`

`GPF
`
`averages the luma and chroma values at
`each corner of a polygon.
`
`that displays or records an image; moni-
`tors and printers are examples.
`
`GPF (n.) General protection fault; an er-
`ror message that occurs when software is
`trying to read or write memory that it
`does not own or have access to.
`
`gradient (n.) A method of filling or shad—
`ing an object that incorporates the blend-
`ing of two different shades or patterns
`across the surface of the object.
`
`graphical user interface See GUI.
`
`graphics tablet (n.) This type of drawing
`surface, often with pressure—sensitivity,
`feeds a computer data defining x—y coor-
`dinates from a hand—held input device,
`such as a light pen.
`
`grayscale (adj.) In a computer graphic,
`the number of levels of gray that exist
`between black and white. With a mini-
`
`mum of 256 levels, the quality of a black-
`and—white photograph can be achieved.
`
`Graphic Interchange Format See GIF.
`
`Green Book standard See CD—i.
`
`graphics (n.) The visual content prepared
`for a production. Computer-generated
`letters, symbols and drawings, photo-
`graphs, scans, slides, and all other still
`visuals belong to this broad category.
`
`graphics accelerator (n.) A specialized
`circuit board that contains a coprocessor
`which enhances the graphical perfor-
`mance of a computer. It is inserted into
`an expansion slot and relieves the CPU
`from graphics processing.
`
`graphics input (n.) The use of a periph-
`eral, such as a drawing tablet, mouse,
`touch screen, or light pen to create or al-
`ter a graphics display.
`
`graphics input device (n.) Any digitizer
`that feeds a computer x—y coordinates
`and in some cases, color data.
`
`graphics output device (n.) Any device
`
`grip (n.) In a film or video production,
`the person who mounts or positions the
`camera according to the director’s in-
`structions. It may be mounted on a dolly,
`a crane, or on any other'surface that pro—
`vides a desirable camera angle.
`
`ground See GND.
`
`guard band (n.) A narrow bandwidth of
`dead space between two adjacent chan-
`nels; space inserted between tracks of re-
`corded material on audio or videotapes
`to prevent crosstalk between tracks.
`
`GUI (n.) Graphical user interface; an en—
`vironment in which icons represent ob-
`jects that an operator can manipulate
`with a pointing device. Initially designed
`by Xerox, it serves as the basis for the
`Macintosh operating system and has
`been deployed in a similar context by
`Microsoft in Windows. See user interface.
`
`Page 4 of 4
`
`102
`
`Page 4 of 4
`
`