Elephant | San Diego Zoo Animals
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`Mammals | ELEPHANT
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`SCIENTIFIC
`CLASSIFICATION
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`Class: Mammalia (Mammals)
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`Order: Proboscidea
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`Family: Elephantidae
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`Genera: Loxodonta (African
`elephant) and Elephas (Asian
`elephant)
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`Species: africana and
`maximus
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`Subspecies: Loxodonta
`africana africana (African
`bush elephant)
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`Subspecies: Loxodonta
`africana cyclotis (African
`forest elephant)
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`Subspecies: Elephas
`maximus indicus (Indian
`elephant)
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`Subspecies: Elephas
`maximus maximus (Ceylon
`elephant)
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`ABOUT
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`FUN FACTS
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`AT THE ZOO CONSERVATION
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`Range: Africa and Asia
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`Habitat: Savanna, open woodland, tropical, and subtropical forests
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`Impressive elephants
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`They’re enormous and intelligent, strong and sociable. Humans have been impressed by
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`elephants for centuries, simply because they are so big—a male African elephant can weigh
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`up to 7.5 tons (6.8 metric tons)! They also amaze us with their long and flexible noses, large
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`and flapping ears, and loose, wrinkly skin. There are many stories about elephants—you’ve
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`probably heard of Horton, Babar, and Dumbo. Elephants are one of the best-known animals in
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`the world.
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`African and Asian
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`Elephants are large and gray and have big ears and long trunks, right? If all elephants seem
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`the same to you, take a closer look. There are two elephant species that are usually
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`recognized: the African elephant and the Asian elephant. There is some ongoing debate
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`about how many subspecies may exist, or whether some of these might, in fact, be species
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`in their own right. Here are a few ways to tell them apart:
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`- African elephants have large ears that are shaped like the continent of Africa, both males
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`and females have visible tusks, their skin is very wrinkly, their back is swayed, and the end of
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`their trunk works as if they have two fingers there to help them pick things up. African
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`elephants are the largest mammals on land.
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`ZOO BLOGS
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`LATEST TWEETS
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`Nature is not a place to
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`visit. It is home. ― Gary
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`http://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/elephant
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`6/13/2016
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`Pharmacosmos, Exh. 1061, p. 1
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`

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`Elephant | San Diego Zoo Animals
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`Page 2 of 3
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`Subspecies: Elephas
`maximus sumatranus
`(Sumatran elephant)
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`- Asian elephants have smaller ears, usually only the males have visible tusks, their skin is
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`not as wrinkly as African elephants’, they only have one "finger" at the ends of their trunk, and
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`their back is dome-shaped.
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`Cool ears
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`QUICK FACTS
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`Thick skin, soft heart
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`Tooth and tusk
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`A unique nose
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`The biggest of all
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`A huge habitat
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`Big appetites
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`Life in a herd
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`Catch me if you can!
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`Sound off!
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`Baby elephant walk
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`Appreciating elephants
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`Life span: Late 30s to more
`than 50 in the wild and in
`zoos
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`Gestation: 20 to 22 months
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`Number of young at birth: 1
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`Age of maturity: 13 to 20
`years
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`Size: Females average 8 feet
`(2.4 meters) tall at the
`shoulder; males average 10
`to 10.5 feet (3 to 3.2 meters)
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`Size: African forest elephant
`averages 8 feet tall at the
`shoulder
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`Weight: African elephant
`females up to 8,000 pounds
`(3,600 kilograms); males up
`to 15,000 pounds (6,800
`kilograms)
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`Weight: Asian elephant
`females average 6,000
`pounds (2,720 kilograms);
`males average 11,000
`pounds
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`Weight at birth: 110 to 264
`pounds (50 to 120 kilograms)
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`Size at birth: 26 to 42 inches
`(66 to 107 centimeters) tall at
`the shoulder
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`About
`San Diego Zoo Animals
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`San Diego Zoo Animals (formerly Animal Bytes) is the
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`source for facts, articles, photos, videos, sounds, and more
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`about the wildlife that you can find at the San Diego Zoo and
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`San Diego Zoo Safari Park, as well as animals and habitats
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`http://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/elephant
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`6/13/2016
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`Pharmacosmos, Exh. 1061, p. 2
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`Elephant | San Diego Zoo Animals
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`Page 3 of 3
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`http://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/elephant
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`6/13/2016
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`Pharmacosmos, Exh. 1061, p. 3