UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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`____________________
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`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
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`____________________
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`US ENDODONTICS, LLC,
`Petitioner
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`v.
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`GOLD STANDARD INSTRUMENTS, LLC
`Patent Owner
`____________________
`
`Case: IPR2015-01476
`U.S. Patent No. 8,727,773
`____________________
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`
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`DECLARATION OF A. JON GOLDBERG
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`IPR2015-01476 – Ex. 1104
`US Endodontics, LLC, Petitioner
`1
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`Table of Contents
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`I. 
`Background and Qualifications ....................................................................... 3 
`Assignment ...................................................................................................... 5 
`II. 
`III.  Overview of the ’773 Patent ............................................................................ 5 
`IV.  Scientific and Technological Background ....................................................... 7 
`V. 
`Level of Skill in the Art ................................................................................. 10 
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`I, A. Jon Goldberg, do hereby declare and state as follows:
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`I.
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`BACKGROUND AND QUALIFICATIONS
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`1. My business address is University of Connecticut Health Center, Cen-
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`ter for Biomaterials, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, 263 Farmington Av-
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`enue, Farmington, Connecticut. I hold a B.S. in Metallurgical Engineering (1970)
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`from Drexel University, an M.S.E. in Metallurgical Engineering (1971) and a
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`Ph.D. in Dental Materials-Metallurgical Engineering (1977), both from the Univer-
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`sity of Michigan. My doctoral degree was a combined degree from the School of
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`Engineering and the School of Dentistry.
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`2.
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`Since 1975, I have been employed at the University of Connecticut in
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`the following positions: Assistant Professor (1975-1980), Associate Professor
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`(1980-1986), and Professor (1986 to Present), all in the Department of Restorative
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`Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine. Since 1995, I have served as the Director of
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`the Center for Biomaterials at the University of Connecticut Health Center. I am a
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`founding member of the Board of Directors of the University of Connecticut
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`Health Center. I am also a member of the Advisory Board of the Institute of Mate-
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`rial Science at the University of Connecticut.
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`3.
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`I have authored 70 scientific research articles, 100 abstracts, and eight
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`books and book chapters. I have presented the results of my research at numerous
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`national and international meetings, and have given several invited lectures. I am
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`co-director of a training grant from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofa-
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`cial Research, National Institutes of Health. I am an inventor or co-inventor of six
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`U.S. patents concerning the use of materials in dentistry, including titanium alloys
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`for use in orthodontic appliances (U.S. Pat. No. 4,197,643) and composite materi-
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`als used in various dental/endodontic procedures (U.S. Pat. No. 4,894,012).
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`4.
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`I teach a variety of courses on materials engineering and materials
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`science at the University of Connecticut, including courses on dental materials
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`such as titanium alloys. My research activities have covered a broad range of den-
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`tal materials including titanium alloys, fiber-reinforced composites for various den-
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`tal clinical applications, biocatalyzed mineralization and use of high performance
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`polyphenylene polymers in orthodontics.
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`5.
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`I have supervised the research of engineering and dental graduate stu-
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`dents. I have held primary academic appointments in clinical departments where I
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`have integrated materials science into clinical teaching and research.
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`6.
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`Based on my education and experience, I believe I am qualified to
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`render opinions in the field of nickel titanium alloys, including mechanical proper-
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`ties and phase transformations associated with these alloys, particularly as applied
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`in dentistry.
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`7.
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`A copy of my curriculum vitae is attached hereto (Ex. A).
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`II. ASSIGNMENT
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`8.
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`I submit this declaration in support of US Endodontics, LLC’s (“US
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`Endo’s”) petition for inter partes review of U.S. Patent No. 8,727,773 (“the ’773
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`patent”). I have previously submitted a declaration in support of US Endo’s first
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`petition for inter partes review of the ’773 patent, IPR2015-00632.
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`9.
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`I am not an employee of US Endo or any affiliate or subsidiary there-
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`of.
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`10.
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`I am being compensated for my work in connection with this case at a
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`rate of $400 per hour, plus expenses.
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`11. My compensation is in no way dependent upon the substance of the
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`opinions I offer below, or upon the outcome of US Endo’s petition for inter partes
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`review (or the outcome of the inter partes review, if trial is instituted).
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`12.
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`I have been asked to provide a technical background for the ’773 pa-
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`tent, as well as my opinion as to the level of ordinary skill in the art to which the
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`’773 patent pertains.
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`13. The opinions expressed in this declaration, and in my prior declara-
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`tion, are not exhaustive of my opinions regarding the ’773 patent.
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`III. OVERVIEW OF THE ’773 PATENT
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`14. The ’773 patent is entitled “Dental and Medical Instruments Compris-
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`ing Titanium” and names Neill Hamilton Luebke as its sole inventor. On its face,
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`the patent issued May 20, 2014 from an application filed April 25, 2012. It claims
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`priority to numerous applications, the earliest of which is provisional application
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`number 60/578,091, filed June 8, 2004.
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`15. The specification of the ’773 patent broadly describes the use of tita-
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`nium alloys to make endodontic instruments. It broadly, and briefly, covers nu-
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`merous topics, such as the shape of the instrument (a ubiquitous one), a host of dif-
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`ferent titanium alloys that may be used, heat treatment very generally, and (in most
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`detail) coating of the instruments. Little emphasis is given to heat treatment of en-
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`dodontic files apart from five “Examples.”
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`16. Each of the five Examples set forth in the specification involves sam-
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`ples of nickel titanium endodontic files, in six sizes. One group of nickel titanium
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`files was heat treated at 500°C for 75 minutes in a furnace in an argon atmosphere,
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`and slowly cooled. Another group was coated in titanium nitride. And, the third
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`group was untreated. In this sense, each example is identical. The only difference
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`is that each example involves performing a different test on the three groups of in-
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`struments: two torsion (twisting) tests, two bending tests, and a fatigue test. Ac-
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`cording to the ’773 patent, the heat treated group (identified as TT) showed the
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`best performance in all five tests. As a result of heat treatment, the instruments al-
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`legedly “exhibit higher resistance to torsion breakage, can withstand increased
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`strain, have higher flexibility, have increased fatigue life and maintain any ac-
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`quired shape upon fracture better,” Ex. 1101 at 9:19-23.
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`17. The claims of the ’773 patent include a range of temperatures and at-
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`mospheric conditions for the heat treatment, not just the one temperature and at-
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`mosphere disclosed in the examples. In particular, the claims are directed to meth-
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`ods that include providing endodontic files made from a superelastic, nickel titani-
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`um alloy and heat treating them at a temperature of at least 400°C, but below the
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`melting point of the alloy. Per the claims, the result is supposed to show at least 10
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`degrees of permanent deformation after 45 degrees of flexion when tested in ac-
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`cordance with ISO 3630-1.
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`IV. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
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`18.
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`I have been asked to provide a brief scientific and technological back-
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`ground regarding nickel titanium and its use in endodontic instruments.
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`19. Endodontic therapy is commonly known as a “root canal” procedure,
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`and it involves drilling through the hard outer portion of a tooth and removing dis-
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`eased tissue (pulp) from the inside of the tooth. A small-diameter file is needed to
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`remove the tissue from the tooth’s root(s), i.e., the parts that anchor the tooth in the
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`bone. This thin file is the endodontic instrument to which the ’773 patent pertains.
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`20. For many years, endodontic instruments were typically made of steel,
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`usually stainless steel.
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`21. The nickel titanium alloys (which I will refer to as “Ni-Ti”) described
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`and claimed by the ’773 patent were first discovered in the 1960’s, and their use in
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`endodontics was first disclosed as early as 1988 by Walia et al. Properties includ-
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`ing flexibility, superelasticity, shape memory properties, and resistance to fatigue
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`have made Ni-Ti a desirable material for endodontic files ever since it was first
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`used for that purpose.
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`22. The ’773 patent does not describe the superelastic or shape memory
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`properties, or microscopic structure of Ni-Ti, in any detail. However, the applicant
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`did rely on such characteristics during prosecution to distinguish the prior art.
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`Therefore, I will provide a basic overview.
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`23. When appropriately processed, Ni-Ti can exhibit both superelasticity
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`(also known as pseudoelasticity) and shape memory. Superelasticity means that the
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`material is relatively rigid until a threshold stress is applied to it; above that thresh-
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`old, the material becomes considerably more flexible. When the stress is removed,
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`the material reverts to its original shape. A shape memory material is one that is
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`flexible and does not revert to its original shape immediately after it is deformed.
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`However, when the material is heated past a certain temperature, it then reverts to
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`its pre-deformation shape, even though it held its deformed shape prior to heating.
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`In other words, it “remembers” its original shape.
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`24. These properties result from the microscopic structure of Ni-Ti. Nick-
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`el titanium alloys are crystalline, meaning the material’s atoms have a well-defined
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`crystal structure. Changes in temperature or stress can impact the crystal structure,
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`resulting in different “phases.” Various properties of nickel titanium depend in part
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`on the crystalline phases that are present in the material. In general, at higher tem-
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`peratures, nickel titanium will be in a phase referred to as austenite and, at lower
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`temperatures, in a phase referred to as martensite. In the austenite phase, the nickel
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`titanium atomic arrangement results in a more rigid material, whereas in the mar-
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`tensite phase, the crystal lattice structure results in a more flexible material. The
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`transformation between austenite and martensite depends principally on tempera-
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`ture, with martensite occurring below the alloy’s transformation temperatures and
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`austenite occurring above them.
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`25. These transformation temperatures include:
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` martensite start (Ms): the temperature at which a transformation to
`martensite begins during cooling
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` martensite finish (Mf): the temperature at which the transformation to
`martensite is complete
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` austenite start (As): the temperature at which a transformation to aus-
`tenite begins during heating
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` austenite finish (Af): the temperature at which the transformation to
`austenite is complete
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`26. When Ni-Ti is in the martensite phase at ambient temperatures, it ex-
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`hibits shape memory. That is, it can be deformed and will retain its deformed
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`shape, rather than springing back to its original state. To a point, this deformation
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`will result from small shifts of the atoms within the crystal lattice rather than the
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`slippage over longer distances associated with permanent (or plastic) deformation.
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`Heating the Ni-Ti above its transformation temperature will cause the martensite to
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`become austenite, and return to its original shape.
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`27. When ambient temperature is higher than the material’s transfor-
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`mation temperature, Ni-Ti is stable as austenite rather than martensite. However, a
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`sufficient applied stress will transform the austenite phase into a more flexible but
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`meta-stable martensite phase despite being above its transformation temperature,
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`allowing considerably more deformation. When the stress is released, the Ni-Ti re-
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`verts quickly to the austenite phase, returning the object to its previous shape. This
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`is superelasticity.
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`V. LEVEL OF SKILL IN THE ART
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`28.
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`In my opinion, a person of ordinary skill in the art at all times between
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`June 8, 2004 (the earliest priority date on the face of the ’773 patent) and April 25,
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`2012 (the filing date of ’773 patent), would have been an individual with (i) a
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`bachelor’s degree or master’s degree in materials science, metallurgy, or a related
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`field and at least two years of experience so as to understand the structural, chemi-
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`cal, and mechanical properties that can be manipulated in nickel titanium alloy ma-
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`terials used in dental applications, or (ii) a ‘PhD. or equivalerit degree in materials
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`science, metallurgy, or a related field and at least one year of experience so as to
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`understand the structural, chemical, and mechanical properties that can be manipu—
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`lated in nickel titanium alloy materials used in dental applications. This level of
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`education and experience would have been ordinary in the art whether the inven-
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`tion is deemed to have been made in 2004, 2012, or any time in between.
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`29.
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`Based on my experience and education, I consider myself (as of June
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`2004 and since) to be a person ofat least ordinary skill in the art with respect to the
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`field of technology implicated by the "7373 patent.
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`I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.
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`«N
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`i
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`Date: ____§_:3Z (6? W
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`A. Jon G dberg
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`Exhibit A
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`Exhibit A
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`CURRICULUM VITAE
` A. JON GOLDBERG
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`Present Position
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`Professor,
`Department of Reconstructive Sciences
`School of Dental Medicine
`University of Connecticut Health Center
`Farmington, Connecticut 06030
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`Director, Center for Biomaterials
`Interim Head, Department of Biomedical Engineering-UConn Health
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`Member, Institute of Materials Science
`Storrs, Connecticut 06269
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`Field of Specialization: Biomaterials
`Research Interests
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`Structure-property relations in biomaterials;
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`Education
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`Drexel University, Philadelphia,
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` B.S. Metallurgical Engineering
`University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
` M.S.E. Metallurgical Engineering
`University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
` Ph.D. Dental Materials-Metallurgical Engineering
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`1970
`1971
`1977
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`Experience
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`Director, Center for Biomaterials, The University of Connecticut
`Health Center, 1995-present
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`Professor, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, The
`University of Connecticut Health Center, 1986 - present
`
`Visiting Scientist, Department of Biomaterials in Relation to Dentistry and
`Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, Queen Mary and Westfield
`College, University of London, London, 1999.
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`Visiting Scientist, National Center for Electron Microscopy, Materials and Molecular
`Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley.
`1982.
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`Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine,
`The University of Connecticut. 1980 - 1986
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`Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine,
`The University of Connecticut, 1975-1980
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`Academic Distinctions and Honors
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`National Science Foundation Fellowship, 1970-1972
`President, 1973-1974, University of Michigan Chapter of Alpha Sigma Mu (National
`Metallurgical Eningeering Honorary Society)
`Tau Beta Pi (National Engineering Honorary Society)
`NIH/NIDR Research Training Grantee, l973-l975
`Edward H. Hatton Award, 1974, International Association for Dental Research
`Connecticut Innovations, University/Industry Innovation Award, 1999
`Omicron Kappa Upsilon (National Dental Honorary Society), 2001
`Omicron Kappa Upsilon (National Dental Honorary Society), 2009-Chapter
`President-Elect
`Fiber-reinforced composites designated as an “innovation that changed the world” by
`the Association of University Technology Managers, 2006.
`
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`3
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`PUBLICATIONS
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`
`Journal Articles
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`Goldberg, A.J. 1974. Viscoelastic properties of silicone, polysulfide, and polyether
`impression materials. J. Dent. Res. 53:1033-34.
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`Goldberg, A.J.; Vanderby, R., Jr.; and Burstone, C.J.1977. Reduction in the modulus of
`elasticity of orthodontic wires. J. Dent. Res. 56:1227-31.
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`Jensen, T.W. and Goldberg, A.J. 1978. The miniaturized x-ray machines in dentistry:
`Structural integrity and safety of the extended anode tubes. J. Oral. Surg., Oral Med.,
`Oral Path. 45:475-84.
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`Goldberg, A.J.; Craig, R.G.; and Filisko, F.E. 1978. Polyurethane elastomers as
`maxillofacial prosthetic materials. J. Dent. Res. 57:563-9.
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`Goldberg, A.J.and Burstone, C.J. 1979. An evaluation of beta titanium alloys for use in
`orthodontic appliances. J. Dent. Res. 58:593-600.
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`Lopez, I.;Goldberg, A.J.; and Burstone, C.J.1979. Bending characteristics of nitinol wire.
`Amer. J. Ortho. 58:569-77.
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`Nitkin, D.A. and Goldberg, A.J. 1979. Placing and polishing amalgam in one visit.
`Quint. Int. 6:23-31.
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`Burstone, C.J. and Goldberg, A.J. 1980. Beta titanium: A new orthodontic alloy.
`Amer. J. Ortho. 77:121-132.
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`Jensen, T.W.; Randall, G.J. and Goldberg, A.J. 1980. Free-focus radiography using
`conventional films - Radiation exposures in a simulated clinical study. Med. Phys.
`7:341-347.
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`Goldberg, J.; Munster, E.; Rydinge, E.; Sanchez, L. and Lambert, K. 1980.
`Experimental design in the clinical evaluation of amalgam restorations. J. Biomed. Mat.
`Res. 14:777-788.
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`Barreto, M.T.; Goldberg, A.J.; Nitkin, D.A.; and Mumford, G. 1980. The effect of
`investment on casting high-fusing alloys. J. Prosth. Dent. 44:504-507.
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`Goldberg, A.J.; Craig, R.G.; and Filisko, F.E. 1980. Tear energy of elastomers for
`maxillofacial applications. J. Oral Rehab. 7:445-451. (Reprinted in RAPRA Biomed.
`App. of Polymers, 11:1-5, 1981.)
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`Yoshikawa, D.K.; Burstone, C.J.; Goldberg, A.J.; and Morton, J. 1981. Flexure
`modulus of orthodontic stainless steel wires. J. Dent. Res. 60:139-145.
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`Goldberg, J.; Tanzer, J.; Munster, E.; Amara, J.; Thal, F. and Birkhed, T. 1981.Cross-
`sectional clinical evaluation of recurrent enamel caries, restoration marginal integrity,
`and oral hygiene status.JADA 102:635-641.
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`Jensen, T.W.; Goldberg, A.J.; and Randall, G.J.1981. Image resolution in dental and
`maxillofacial radiography with the conventional and "free focus" imaging concepts. Oral
`Surg. 51:653-661.
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`Rydinge, E.; Goldberg, J.; Sanchez, L.; Lambert, K. and Munster, E. 1981. Clinical
`evaluation of high copper amalgam restorations. J. Oral Rehab. 8:465-472.
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`Goldberg, A.J. and Burstone, C.J. 1982. Status report on beta titanium orthodontic
`wires. JADA 105:684-685.
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`Sarkar, N.K.; Redmond, W.; Schwaninger,B.M.; and Goldberg, A.J. 1983. The chloride
`corrosion behavior of four orthodontic wires. J. Oral Rehab.10:121-128.
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`Burstone, C.J. and Goldberg, A.J. l983. Maximum forces and deflections from
`orthodontic appliances. Am. J. Ortho. 84:95-l03.
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`Goldberg, A.J.; Morton, J.; and Burstone, C.J. l983. The flexure modulus of elasticity of
`orthodontic wires. J. Dent. Res. 62:856-858.
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`Nitkin, D.A. and Goldberg, A.J. l983. Another look at placing and polishing amalgam in
`one visit. Quint. Int. Number 5:507-5l2.
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`Jensen, T.W.; Goldberg, A.J.; and Randall, G.J. High yield radiography of the
`maxillofacial complex using the "free focus" and conventional concept. J. Oral Surg.,
`Oral Med., Oral Path. 56: 324-33l.
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`Goldberg, A.J.; Burstone, C.J.; and Koenig, H.A.1983.Plastic deformation of orthodontic
`wires. J. Dent. Res. 62:l0l6-l020.
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`Powers, J.M.; Ryan, M.D.; Hosking, D.J.; and Goldberg, A.J. l983. Comparison of in
`vitro and in vivo wear of composites. J. Dent. Res. 62:l089-l09l.
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`Shastry, C.V. and Goldberg, A.J. 1983. The influence of drawing parameters on the
`mechanical properties of two beta titanium alloys. J. Dent. Res. 62:l092-l097.
`
`Goldberg, A.J. and Shastry, C.V. 1984. Age hardening of beta titanium wires. J.
`Biomed. Mat. Res. 18:155-163.
`
`Goldberg, A.J.; Rydinge, E.; Santucci, E.A.; and Racz, W.B., 1984. Clinical evaluation
`methods for posterior composite restorations. J. Dent. Res. 63:1387-1391
`
`Piecuch, J.F.; Goldberg, A.J.; Shastry, C.V.; and Chrzanowski, R.B. 1984. Compressive
`strength of implanted porous replamineform hydroxapatie. J. Biomed. Mat. Res.
`A18:39-45.
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`Leinfelder, K.F.; Taylor, D.F.; Barkmeier, W.W.; and Goldberg, A.J. 1986. Quantative
`wear measurement of posterior composite resins. Dent. Mater. 2:198-201.
`
`Nelson, K.; Burstone, C.J.; Goldberg, A.J., 1987. Optimal welding of beta titanium
`orthodontic wires. Am. J. Ortho. Dentofac.Orthop 92:213-219.
`
`Wilson, D.F. and Goldberg, A.J. 1987. Alternative beta-titanium alloys for orthodontic
`wires. Dent. Materials 3:337-341.
`
`Powers, J.M.; Bakus, E.R.; and Goldberg, A.J. l988. In vitro color changes of posterior
`composites. Dent. Materials 4:l5l-l54.
`
`Goldberg, A.J. 1990. Deterioration of restorative materials and the risk for secondary
`caries. Adv. Dent. Res. 4:14-18.
`
`Freilich, M.A.; Goldberg, A.J.; Simonsen, R.J.; and Gilpatrick, R.O. 1992. Direct and
`indirect evaluation of posterior composite restorations at three years. Dent. Mater. 8:60-
`64.
`
`Goldberg, A.J. and Burstone, C.J. 1992. The use of continuous fiber reinforcement in
`dentistry. Dent. Mater. 8:197-202.
`
`Patel, A.P.; Goldberg, A.J.; and Burstone, C.J. 1992. The effect of thermoforming on
`the properties of fiber-reinforced composite wires. J. App. Biomat. 3:177-182.
`
`Freilich, M.A.; Goldberg, A.J.; Gilpatrick, R.O.; and Simonsen, R.J. 1992. Three-year
`occlusal wear of posterior composite restorations. Dent. Mater. 8:224-228.
`
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`6
`Jancar, J.; DiBenedetto, A.T.; and Goldberg, A.J. 1993. Thermoplastic fibre-reinforced
`composites for dentistry. Part II Effect of moisture on flexural properties of
`unidirectional composites. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. in Med. 4:562-568.
`
`Altieri, J.V.; Burstone, C.J.; Goldberg, A.J.; and Patel, A.P. 1994. Longitudinal clinical
`evaluation of fiber-reinforced composite fixed partial dentures: A pilot study. J. Prosth.
`Dent. 71:16-22.
`
`Goldberg, A.J.; Burstone, C.J.; Hadjinikolaou, I.; and Jancar, J. 1994. Screening of
`matrices and fibers for reinforced thermoplastics intended for dental applications. J.
`Biomed. Mat. Res. 28:167-173.
`
`Jancar, J.; DiBenedetto, A.T.; Hadjinikolau, I.; Goldberg, A.J.; and Dianselmo, A.
`1994. Measurement of the elastic modulus of fibre-reinforced composites used as
`orthodontic wires. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. in Med. 5:214-218.
`
`Li, Z.-F.; DiBenedetto, A.T.; Jancar, J.; and Goldberg, J. 1995. Adhesion and hydrolytic
`stability of the interface between high-modulus polyethylene fibers and acrylic resins. J.
`Adhesion 50:249-264.
`
`Jancar, J. and Goldberg, A.J. 1995. Kosmicke materialy ve stomatologii (Aerospace
`materials in dentistry). Stom. Zpravy 36:91-97.
`
`Karmaker, A.C.; DiBenedetto, A.T.; and Goldberg, A.J. 1997. Continuous fiber
`reinforced composite materials as alternatives for metal alloys used for dental appliances.
`J. Biomat. Appl. 11:318-328.
`
`Karmaker, A.C.; DiBenedetto, A.T.; and Goldberg, A.J. 1997. Extent of conversion and
`its effect on the mechanical performance of BIS-GMA/PEGDMA-based resins and their
`composites with continuous glass fibers. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. in Med. 8(6):333-401.
`
`Freilich, M.A. and Goldberg, A.J. 1997. The use of a pre-impregnated, fiber-reinforced
`composite in the fabrication of a periodontal splint: A preliminary report. Pract. Perio.
`Aesthet. Dent. 9(8): 873-876.
`
`Freilich, M.A.; Meiers, J.C.; Duncan, J.P.; and Goldberg, A.J. 1998. Fiber
`reinforcement in laboratory- and chairside-fabricated prostheses. Contemp. Esthet. and
`Restor. Prac. 2:32-45.
`
`Freilich, M.A.; Karmaker, A.C.; Burstone, C.J.; and Goldberg, A.J. 1998. Development
`and clinical applications of a light-polymerized fiber-reinforced composite. J. Prosthet.
`Dent. 80:311-8.
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`Freilich, M.A.; Duncan, J.P.; Meiers, J.C.; and Goldberg, A.J. 1998 Preimpregnated,
`fiber-reinforced prostheses. Part I. Basic rationale and complete-coverage and
`intracoronal fixed partial denture designs. Quintessence International 29:689-696.
`[Republished as Vorimpragniert glasfaserverstarket Brucken. Teil 1: Grundlagen,
`konventionelle Brucken und Inlaybrucken. Quintessenz 50:45-53, 1999; and as Bridges
`en composite fibre. Premiere partie: Formes de contour des moyens d’ancrage et
`protocole de laboratoire. Clinic 20:217-226, 1999.]
`
`Meiers, J.C.; Duncan, J.P.; Freilich, M.A.: and Goldberg, A.J.1998 Preimpregnated,
`fiber-reinforced prostheses. Part II. Direct applications: Splints and fixed partial
`dentures. Quintessence International 29:761-768. [Republished as Vorimpragnierte
`glasfaserverstarkte Brucken. Teil 2: Direkte Anwendung-Schienen und Brucken.
`Quintessenz 50:135-142, 1999.]
`
`Wang, W.; BiBenedetto, A.T.; and Goldberg, A.J. 1998. Abrasive wear testing of dental
`restorative materials. Wear 219(2):213-219.
`
`Goldberg, A.J. and Freilich, M.A. 1999 An innovative pre-impregnated glass fiber for
`reinforcing composites. Dental Clinics North America 43:127-133.
`
`Ahmad, M.; Gawronski, D.; Goldberg, J.; and Gronowicz, G. 1999. Differential
`response of human osteoblast-like cells to commercially pure (cp) titanium grades 1 and
`4. J. Biomed. Mat. Res. 46:121-131.
`
`Freilich, M.A.; Meiers, J.C.; Duncan, J.P.; Eckrote, K.A.; and Goldberg, A.J. 2002.
`Clinical evaluation of fiber-reinforced fixed bridges. JADA 133:1524-1534.
`
`Freilich, M.A.; Duncan, J.P.; Alarcon, E.K.; Eckrote, K.A.; and Goldberg, A.J. 2002.
`The design and fabrication of fiber-reinforced implant prostheses. J. Prosth. Dent.
`88:449-454.
`
`Eckrote, K.A.; Burstone, C.J.; Freilich, M.A.; Messer, G.E.; and Goldberg, A.J. 2003.
`Shear in flexure of fiber composites with different end supports. J. Dent. Res. 82:262-
`266.
`
`Rojanapitayakorn, P.; Mather, P.T.; Goldberg, A.J.; and Weiss, R.A. 2005. Optically
`transparent self-reinforced poly(ethylene terephthalate) composites: molecular
`orientation and mechanical properties. Polymer 46:761-773 (available online Dec 10,
`2004).
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`Advincula, M.C.; Patel, P.; Mather, P.T.; Mattson, T. and Goldberg, A.J. 2009.
`Polypeptide-catalyzed silica for dental applications. J. Biomed. Mat. Res. Part B:
`Applied Biomaterials 88B (Feb):321-331 (available online Dec 27, 2007).
`
`Goldberg, A.J.; Advincula, M.C.; Komabayashi, T.; Patel, P.A.; Mather, P.T.;
`Goberman, D.G.; and Kazemi, R.B. 2009 (April). Polypeptide-catalyzed
`biosilicification of dentin surfaces. J. Dent Res. 88(4):377-381.
`
`Patel, P.A.; Eckart, J.; Advincula, M.C.; Goldberg, A.J.; and Mather, P.T. 2009 (Feb).
`Rapid synthesis of polymer-silica hybrid nanofibers by biomimetic mineralization.
`Polymer 50: 1214-1222 (available online at 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.01.024).
`
`Goldberg, A.J.; Liu, Y.; Advincula, M.C.; Gronowicz, G.; Habibovic, P.; and Kuhn, L.T.
`2010 (June). Fabrication and characterization of hydroxyapatite-coated polystyrene
`disks for use in osteoprogenitor cell culture. J. Biomat. Sci.: Polymer Ed. 21(10):1371-
`1387.
`
`Kuhn, L.T.; Liu, Y.; Advincula, M.; Wang, Y.-H.; Maye, P.; and Goldberg, A.J. 2010
`(Dec). A non-destructive method for evaluating in vitro osteoblast differentiation on
`biomaterials using osteoblast-specific fluorescence. Tissue Engineering-Part C,
`16(6):1357-1366. DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0701
`
`Goldberg, A.J.; Liebler, S.A.H.; and Burstone, C.J. 2011 (Dec). Viscoelastic properties
`of an esthetic translucent orthodontic wire. Europ. J. Ortho. 33:763-678; doi:
`10.1093/ejo/cjq150; advance access 15 Dec 2010. PMID: 21159774.
`
`Burstone, C.J.; Liebler, S.A.H.; and Goldberg, A.J. 2011 (April). Polyphenylene
`polymers as aesthetic orthodontic arch wires. Amer. J. Orthodon. & Dent. Orthoped.
`139: e391-398.
`
`Klotz, M.W.; Taylor, T.D.; and Goldberg, A.J. 2011 (Sept/Oct). Wear at the titanium-
`zironia implant-abutment interface. JOMI 26:970-975.
`
`Liu, Y.; Goldberg, A.J.; James, D.; Gronowicz, G. and Kuhn, L.T. 2012 (March). One-
`step derivation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells from human pluripotent stem
`cells on a fibrillar collagen coating. PLoS ONE 7(3):e3325
`doi:10.1371/journal.pone.003325.
`
`Kuhn, L.T.; Liu, Y.; Boyd, N.L.; Dennis, J.E.; Jiang, X.; Xin, X.; Charles, L.F.; Wang,
`L.; Aguila, H..; Rowe, D.W.; Lichtler, A.C.; and Goldberg, A.J. 2014 (accepted Aug
`2013). Developmental-like bone regeneration by human embryonic stem cell-derived
`mesenchymal cells. Tissue Eng-A. 20 (1-2): 365-377. DOI:10.1089/ten.tea2013.0321.
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`Liu, Y.; Goldberg, A.J.; Kuhn, L.T. and Aguila, H.L. 2014 (January) Lectin
`concanavalin A coatings for rapid attachment of human embryonic stem cells. Open J.
`Biomed. Mater. Res. 1(1):6-14. DOI: 10.12966/ojbmr.01.02.2014.
`
`Gomillion, C.T.; Lakhman, R.K.; Kasi, R.M.; Weiss, R.A.; Kuhn, L.T. and Goldberg,
`A.J. 2015 Lithium-end-capped PLA thin films influence osteoblast progenitor cell
`differentiation and mineralization. J. Biomed. Mater. Res.-A 103A:500-510 (published
`online 27 April, 2014; DOI 10.1002/jbm.a.35190).
`
`Xin, X.; Jiang, X.; Wang, L.; Stover, M.L.; Zhan, S.; Huang, J.; Goldberg, A.J.; Liu, Y.;
`Reichenberger, E.J.; Rowe, D.W. and Lichtler, A.C. 2014 (May) A site-specific
`integrated Col2.3GFP reporter construct demonstrates in vivo bone formation by human
`embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Translational Medicine 3(10):1125-1137. DOI:
`10.5966/sctm.2013-0128.
`
`Haeri, M.; Goldberg, A.J. 2014 (December) Mimicking dentin structure: bio-inspired
`scaffolds for dental tissue engineering. Materials Today 17(10):518-519.
`DOI:10.1016/j.mattod.2014.10.024.
`
`Abstracts
`
`Note: Asterisk indicates complete manuscript published in Proceedings of Dental
`Materials Group, American Association for Dental Research
`
`Goldberg, A.J. 1974. Viscoelastic properties of silicone, polysulfide and polyether
`impression materials. J. Dent. Res. 53:55, Special Issue A, Abstract No. 2
`
`*Goldberg, A.J.; Craig, R.G.; and Filisko, F.E. 1975. An evaluation of polyurethane
`elastomers as potential maxillofacial materials. J. Dent. Res. 54:79, Special Issue A,
`Abstract No. 134.
`
`*Goldberg, A.J.; Craig, R.G. and Filisko, F.E. 1976. Ultraviolet light stability of
`external maxillofacial prosthetic materials. J. Dent. Res. 55:B-138, Special Issue B,
`Abstract No. 305.
`
`Goldberg, A.J.; Craig, R.G.; and Filisko, F.E. 1977. Tear energy of maxillo- facial
`prosthetic materials. J. Dent. Res. 56:A173, Special Issue A, Abstract No. 523.
`
`Jensen, T.W. and Goldberg, A.J. 1977. Image resolution in reversed and conventional
`geometry dental radiography with minifocus and conventional dental x-ray machines.
`Medical Imaging 3:7-8.
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`*Goldberg, A.J. and Burstone, C.J. 1978. An evaluation of beta-stabilized titanium
`alloys for use in orthodontic appliances. J. Dent. Res. 57:253, Special Issue A, Abstract
`No. 716.
`
`*Nitkin, D.A. and Goldberg, A.J. 1978. The effect of immediate polishing on amalgam
`restorations. J. Dent. Res. 57:81, Abstract No. 25.
`
`*Barreto, M.T.; Mumford, G.; and Goldberg, A.J. 1978. Castability of high fusing non-
`precious alloys for fixed restoration. J. Dent. Res. 57:199, Abstract No. 500.
`
`*Sarkar, N.K.; Redmond, W.; Schwaninger, B.M.; and Goldberg A.J. 1979. The
`chloride corrosion behavior of four orthodontic wires. J. Dent. Res. 58:98, Special Issue
`A, Abstract No 22.
`
`*Sanchez, L.; Goldberg, A.J.; Spangberg, E.; Lambert, K.; and Munster,E. 1979.
`Comparison of marginal integrity and tarnish of high copper amalgam alloys. J. Dent.
`Res. 58:180, Special Issue A, Abstract No. 347.
`
`*Spangberg, E.; Goldberg, A.J.; Sanchez, L.; Lambert, K.; and Munster, E. 1979.
`Clinical evaluation of high copper amalgam restorations. J. Dent. Res. 58:180, Special
`Issue A, Abstract No. 348.
`
`*Nitkin, D.A. and Goldberg, A.J. 1979. The effects of immediate polishing on amalgam
`restorations: Part II. J. Dent. Res. 58:181, Special Issue A, Abstract No. 351.
`
`*Barreto, M.; Goldberg, A.J.; Nitkin, D. and