U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`[1.] A multi-camera vision system
`for a vehicle, said vehicular multi-
`camera vision system comprising:
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,670,935
`“a vehicle 10 . . . includes a rearview vision system, generally illustrated at 12, for providing a
`driver of the vehicle with a view rearwardly of the vehicle with respect to the direction of travel
`D of the vehicle (FIG. 1).” (C3:L50-56.)
`
`Magna’s Constructive Reduction to Practice Claim Chart
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`IPR2015-01410
`
`“Vision system 12 includes at least two side image capture devices 14 positioned, respectively,
`on opposite sides of vehicle 10 and a center image capture device 16 positioned on the lateral
`centerline of the vehicle.” (C3:L56-59.)
`
`[1.1] at least three image capture
`devices disposed at a vehicle
`equipped with said vehicular
`multi-camera vision system;
`[1.2] said at least three image
`capture devices comprising a first
`image capture device disposed at a
`driver-side portion of the equipped
`vehicle at a first location;
`[1.3] said at least three image
`capture devices comprising a
`second image capture device
`disposed at a passenger-side
`portion of the equipped vehicle at a
`second location;
`[1.4] said at least three image
`capture devices comprising a third
`image capture device disposed at a
`rear portion of the equipped
`vehicle at a third location;
`
`“The present invention provides techniques for synthesizing images captured by individual,
`spatially separated, image capture devices into such ideal image, displayed on the display device.
`This may be accomplished according to an aspect of the invention by providing at least three
`image capture devices. At least two of the image capture devices are side image capture devices
`mounted on opposite sides of the vehicle. At least one of the image capture devices is a center
`image capture device mounted laterally between the side image capture devices.” (C2:L39-48.)
`
`- 1 -
`
`Magna 2001
`Valeo v. Magna
`IPR2015-01410
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,670,935
`
`Magna’s Constructive Reduction to Practice Claim Chart
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`IPR2015-01410
`
`[1.5] wherein said first image
`capture device has a first field of
`view exterior of the equipped
`vehicle;
`[1.6] wherein said second image
`capture device has a second field
`of view exterior of the equipped
`vehicle;
`[1.7] wherein said third image
`capture device has a third field of
`view exterior of the equipped
`vehicle;
`
`“Each of side image capture devices 14 has a field of view 22 and is aimed rearwardly with
`respect to the vehicle about an axis 24 which is at an angle, with respect to the vehicle, that is
`half of the horizontal field of view of the image capture device. In this manner, each of the
`image capture devices 14 covers an area bounded by the side of the vehicle and extending
`outwardly at an angle defined by the horizontal field of view of the respective side image capture
`device. Center image capture device 16 has a horizontal field of view 26, which is symmetrical
`about the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. The field of view of each side image capture device 14
`intersect the field of view of center image capture device 16 at a point P which is located a
`distance Q behind vehicle 10.” (C4:L14-27.)
`
`[1.8] wherein said first field of
`view of said first image capture
`
`“The field of view of each side image capture device 14 intersect the field of view of center
`image capture device 16 at a point P which is located a distance Q behind vehicle 10.” (C4:L24-
`
`- 2 -
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`

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`Magna’s Constructive Reduction to Practice Claim Chart
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`IPR2015-01410
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,670,935
`
`27.)
`
`“A left overlap zone 32 and a right overlap zone 34 extend rearward from respective points P
`where the horizontal fields of view of the side image capture devices intersect the field of view
`of center image capture device 16. Overlap zones 32, 34 define areas within which an object will
`be captured both by center image capture device 16 and one of the side image capture devices
`14.” (C5:L3-9.)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`device overlaps with said third
`field of view of said third image
`capture device defining a first
`overlap zone;
`[1.9] wherein said second field of
`view of said second image capture
`device overlaps with said third
`field of view of said third image
`capture device defining a second
`overlap zone;
`
`[1.10] wherein said first image
`capture device captures first image
`data;
`[1.11] wherein said second image
`capture device captures second
`image data;
`
`“Referring to FIG. 3, image display device 20 displays a composite image 42 made up of a left
`image portion 44, a right image portion 46, and a center image portion 48. Each image portion
`44-48 is reversed from the image as captured by the respective image capture device 14, 16
`utilizing conventional techniques. These techniques include reading the image in reverse with
`the image capture device, writing the image in reverse to display device 20, or reversing the
`image in image processor 18. Left image portion 44 is joined with central image portion 48 at a
`
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`

`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`[1.12] wherein said third image
`capture device captures third
`image data;
`
`[1.13] an image processor;
`
`[1.14] wherein first image data
`captured by said first image
`capture device is received at said
`image processor via at least one of
`an analog data stream and a digital
`data stream;
`[1.15] wherein second image data
`captured by said second image
`capture device is received at said
`image processor via at least one of
`an analog data stream and a digital
`data stream;
`[1.16] wherein third image data
`captured by said third image
`capture device is received at said
`image processor via at least one of
`an analog data stream and a digital
`data stream;
`[1.17] wherein, responsive to
`processing by said image processor
`of received image data, a
`synthesized image is generated
`without duplication of objects
`
`Magna’s Constructive Reduction to Practice Claim Chart
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`IPR2015-01410
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`U.S. Patent No. 5,670,935
`boundary 50. Central image portion 48 is joined with right image portion 46 at a boundary 52.”
`(C5:L48-59.)
`
`“Rearview vision system 12 additionally includes an image processor 18 for receiving data
`signals from image capture devices 14, 16 and synthesizing, from the data signals, a composite
`image 42 which is displayed on a display 20.” (C3:L61-65.)
`
`“Each image-capturing device 14, 16 is controlled by appropriate supporting electronics (not
`shown) located in the vicinity of the imaging array such that, when operating power is supplied,
`either an analog or a digital data stream is generated on an output signal line supplied to image
`processor 18.” (C7:L28-33.)
`
`“As will be set forth in more detail below, the images captured by image capture devices 14, 16
`are juxtaposed on display 20 by image processor 18 in a manner which approximates the view
`from a single virtual image capture device positioned forwardly of the vehicle at a location C
`and facing rearwardly of the vehicle, with the vehicle being transparent to the view of the virtual
`image capture device.” (C3:L66-C4:L5.)
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`

`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`present in said first overlap zone
`and in said second overlap zone
`and wherein said synthesized
`image approximates a view as
`would be seen by a virtual camera
`at a single location exterior of the
`equipped vehicle; and
`
`Magna’s Constructive Reduction to Practice Claim Chart
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`IPR2015-01410
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,670,935
`
`“Vision system 12 provides a substantially seamless panoramic view rearwardly of the vehicle
`without duplicate or redundant images of objects.” (C4:L6-8.)
`
`“Referring to FIG. 3, image display device 20 displays a composite image 42 made up of a left
`image portion 44, a right image portion 46, and a center image portion 48. Each image portion
`44-48 is reversed from the image as captured by the respective image capture device 14, 16
`utilizing conventional techniques. These techniques include reading the image in reverse with
`the image capture device, writing the image in reverse to display device 20, or reversing the
`image in image processor 18. Left image portion 44 is joined with central image portion 48 at a
`boundary 50. Central image portion 48 is joined with right image portion 46 at a boundary 52.
`As may best be seen in FIG. 3, the image portions at boundaries 50 and 52 are continuous
`whereby composite image 42 is a seamless panoramic view rearwardly of the vehicle. As also is
`apparent from FIG. 3, central image portion 48 is narrower than either left image portion 44 or
`right image portion 46. This is a result of reducing the horizontal field of view 26 of center
`image capture device 16 sufficiently to move points P, and thus overlap zones 32 and 34, a
`sufficient distance behind vehicle 10 to reduce redundant and duplicative images between image
`portions 44-48. Composite image 42 provides a clear image, which avoids confusion and
`simplifies the task of extracting information from the multiple image portions 44-48.” (C5:L48-
`C6:L5.)
`
`[1.18] wherein said synthesized
`image is displayed by a single
`display screen of a reconfigurable
`display device that is viewable by
`a driver of the equipped vehicle
`when normally operating the
`equipped vehicle.
`
`“Rearview vision system 12 additionally includes an image processor 18 for receiving data
`signals from image capture devices 14, 16 and synthesizing, from the data signals, a composite
`image 42 which is displayed on a display 20.” (C3:L61-65.)
`
`“As also may be seen by reference to FIG. 3, display 20 may additionally include indicia such as
`the readout of a compass 54, vehicle speed 56, turn signals 58, and the like as well as other
`graphical or video displays, such as a navigation display, a map display, and a forward-facing
`vision system. In this manner, rearview vision system 12 may be a compass vision system or an
`information vision system.” (C6:L5-12.)
`
`- 5 -
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,670,935
`
`Magna’s Constructive Reduction to Practice Claim Chart
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`IPR2015-01410
`
`“Display 20 is of a size to be as natural as possible to the driver. This is a function of the size of
`the display and the distance between the display and the driver. Preferably, the displayed image
`simulates an image reflected by a rearview mirror. As such, the size of display 20 is
`approximately the combined areas of the three rearview mirrors (one interior mirror and two
`exterior mirrors) conventionally used with vehicles. As best seen by reference to FIG. 2, display
`20 is preferably positioned within the driver's physiological field of view without obstructing the
`view through the windshield. It is known that the driver's field of view, with the head and eyes
`fixed forward, extends further in a downward direction than in an upward direction. Display 20
`could be located above the vertical view through the windshield wherein the display may be
`observed at the upward portion of the driver's field of view. However, the position for the
`display illustrated in FIG. 2 is preferred wherein the display is within the lower portion of the
`driver's field of view.” (C6:L22-39.)
`
`“As will be set forth in more detail below, the images captured by image capture devices 14, 16
`are juxtaposed on display 20 by image processor 18 in a manner which approximates the view
`from a single virtual image capture device positioned forwardly of the vehicle at a location C
`and facing rearwardly of the vehicle, with the vehicle being transparent to the view of the virtual
`image capture device.” (C3:L66-C4:L5.)
`
`“Referring to FIG. 3, image display device 20 displays a composite image 42 made up of a left
`image portion 44, a right image portion 46, and a center image portion 48.” (C5:L48-50.)
`
`[3.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 1, wherein
`first image data captured by said
`first image capture device is
`received at said image processor
`
`“Each image-capturing device 14, 16 is controlled by appropriate supporting electronics (not
`shown) located in the vicinity of the imaging array such that, when operating power is supplied,
`either an analog or a digital data stream is generated on an output signal line supplied to image
`processor 18.” (C7:L28-33.)
`
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`

`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`via a digital data stream and
`wherein second image data
`captured by said second image
`capture device is received at said
`image processor via a digital data
`stream and wherein third image
`data captured by said third image
`capture device is received at said
`image processor via a digital data
`stream.
`
`[7.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 1, wherein
`the image displayed by said
`display screen includes a visual
`indication of the location of the
`equipped vehicle in said view.
`
`Magna’s Constructive Reduction to Practice Claim Chart
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`IPR2015-01410
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,670,935
`
`“Each of right image portion 46’ and left image portion 44’ includes an upper portion 64 which
`extends above the compressed upper portion of the central image portion 48’. In the illustrated
`embodiment, upper portions 64 are deleted in order to present a uniform upper horizontal
`boundary for display 20’. In the illustrated embodiment, the mismatch between the lower
`horizontal boundary of central image portion 48’ and each of the left and right image portions
`provides a dead space 66 which provides a visual prompt to the user of the approximate location
`of the rearward corners S of vehicle 10. This dead space 66 in the image displayed on display
`20’ approximates the footprint occupied by vehicle 10 when viewed from point C. This is
`particularly useful because it provides a visual indication to the driver that a vehicle passing
`vehicle 10, as viewed in either left image portion 44’ or right image portion 46’, is at least
`partially adjacent vehicle 10 if the image of the approaching vehicle is partially adjacent to dead
`space 66.” (C9:L7-24.)
`
`- 7 -
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`

`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,670,935
`
`Magna’s Constructive Reduction to Practice Claim Chart
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`IPR2015-01410
`
`[8.] The rearview multi-camera
`vision system of claim 7, wherein
`said visual indication approximates
`the footprint occupied by the
`equipped vehicle.
`
`“This dead space 66 in the image displayed on display 20’ approximates the footprint occupied
`by vehicle 10 when viewed from point C.” (C9:L17-19.)
`
`[9.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 7, wherein
`said visual indication comprises an
`outline of an area substantially
`occupied by the equipped vehicle.
`
`“This dead space 66 in the image displayed on display 20’ approximates the footprint occupied
`by vehicle 10 when viewed from point C. This is particularly useful because it provides a visual
`indication to the driver that a vehicle passing vehicle 10, as viewed in either left image portion
`44’ or right image portion 46’, is at least partially adjacent vehicle 10 if the image of the
`approaching vehicle is partially adjacent to dead space 66.” (C9:L17-24.)
`
`- 8 -
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`

`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,670,935
`
`Magna’s Constructive Reduction to Practice Claim Chart
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`IPR2015-01410
`
`[10.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 1, wherein
`said first image capture device is
`disposed at the equipped vehicle at
`substantially the same height
`relative to ground as is said second
`image capture device.
`
`“Preferably, image capture devices 14 and 16 are all mounted at the same vertical height on
`vehicle 10, although compromise may be required in order to accommodate styling features of
`the vehicle.” (C7:L19-22.)
`
`- 9 -
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`

`
`Magna’s Constructive Reduction to Practice Claim Chart
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`IPR2015-01410
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,670,935
`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`[11.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 10, wherein
`said first location where said first
`image capture device is disposed at
`the driver-side of the equipped
`vehicle is a first distance forward
`of where the driver sits when
`operating the equipped vehicle and
`wherein said second location
`where said second image capture
`device is disposed at the
`passenger-side of the equipped
`vehicle is a second distance
`forward of where the driver sits
`when operating the equipped
`vehicle.
`
`- 10 -
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`[12.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 11, wherein
`said first distance is substantially
`the same as said second distance.
`
`Magna’s Constructive Reduction to Practice Claim Chart
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`IPR2015-01410
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,670,935
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`- 11 -
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`

`
`Magna’s Constructive Reduction to Practice Claim Chart
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`IPR2015-01410
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,670,935
`“Each of side image capture devices 14 has a field of view 22 and is aimed rearwardly with
`respect to the vehicle about an axis 24 which is at an angle, with respect to the vehicle, that is
`half of the horizontal field of view of the image capture device.” (C4:L14-18.)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`[14.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 1, wherein
`said at least three image capture
`devices have the principal axis of
`their respective field of view
`aimed along non-parallel axes.
`
`[15.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 1, wherein
`the image displayed by said
`display screen approximates a
`rearward-facing view from a single
`location exterior of the equipped
`vehicle.
`
`“The display combines the captured images into an image that would be achieved by a single
`rearward-looking camera having a view unobstructed by the vehicle.” (C2:L27-30.)
`
`“As will be set forth in more detail below, the images captured by image capture devices 14, 16
`are juxtaposed on display 20 by image processor 18 in a manner which approximates the view
`from a single virtual image capture device positioned forwardly of the vehicle at a location C
`and facing rearwardly of the vehicle, with the vehicle being transparent to the view of the virtual
`image capture device.” (C3:L66-C4:L5.)
`
`- 12 -
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`

`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`[17.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 1, wherein
`a fourth image capture device is
`disposed at a front portion of the
`equipped vehicle.
`
`Magna’s Constructive Reduction to Practice Claim Chart
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`IPR2015-01410
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,670,935
`“The invention additionally comprehends the use of more than three image capture devices.”
`(C12:L10-11.)
`
`“Composite image 42 provides a clear image, which avoids confusion and simplifies the task of
`extracting information from the multiple image portions 44-48. As also may be seen by
`reference to FIG. 3, display 20 may additionally include indicia such as the readout of a compass
`54, vehicle speed 56, turn signals 58, and the like as well as other graphical or video displays,
`such as a navigation display, a map display, and a forward-facing vision system. In this manner,
`rearview vision system 12 may be a compass vision system or an information vision system.”
`(C6:L4-12.)
`
`“For example, the invention may be applied to forward-facing night-vision systems, or other
`vision enhancement systems such as may be used in adverse weather or atmospheric conditions
`such as fog, applied to provide an enhanced display of a synthesized image, which approximates
`a forward-facing view from a single virtual camera located rearwardly of the driver, taking
`advantage of the perspective features of the image.” (C12:L31-38.)
`
`[19.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 1, wherein
`each of said at least three image
`capture devices comprises a
`CMOS imaging array.
`
`“In the illustrated embodiment, image capture devices 14, 16 are CMOS imaging arrays of the
`type manufactured by VLSI Vision Ltd. of Edinburgh, Scotland, which are described in more
`detail in… U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/023,918 filed Feb. 26, 1993, by Kenneth
`Schofield and Mark Larson for an AUTOMATIC REARVIEW MIRROR SYSTEM USING A
`PHOTOSENSOR ARRAY, [now U.S. Pat. No. 5,550,677,] the disclosure of which is hereby
`incorporated herein by reference.” (C7:L1-9.)
`
`[20.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 1, wherein
`the image displayed by said
`display screen comprises a graphic
`
`“According to another aspect of the invention, image enhancement means are provided for
`enhancing the displayed image. Such means may be in the form of graphic overlays
`superimposed on the displayed image. Such graphic overlap may include indicia of the
`anticipated path of travel of the vehicle which is useful in assisting the driver in guiding the
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`

`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`overlay.
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,670,935
`vehicle in reverse directions. Such graphic overlay may include a distance grid indicating
`distances behind the vehicle of objects juxtaposed with the grid.” (C3:L5-13.)
`
`Magna’s Constructive Reduction to Practice Claim Chart
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`IPR2015-01410
`
`“In order to further enhance the driver’s understanding of what is occurring in the area
`surrounding the vehicle, a rearview vision system 12’” includes a display 20’” having image
`enhancements (FIG. 6). In the illustrative embodiment, such image enhancements include
`graphic overlays 70a, 70b which are hash marks intended to illustrate to the driver the
`anticipated path of movement of vehicle 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the anticipated
`vehicle motion is a function of the vehicle direction of travel as well as the rate of turn of the
`vehicle.” (C10:L29-L38.)
`
`[21.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 20, wherein
`said graphic overlay comprises
`indicia of the anticipated path of
`travel of the equipped vehicle.
`
`“According to another aspect of the invention, image enhancement means are provided for
`enhancing the displayed image. Such means may be in the form of graphic overlays
`superimposed on the displayed image. Such graphic overlap may include indicia of the
`anticipated path of travel of the vehicle which is useful in assisting the driver in guiding the
`vehicle in reverse directions. Such graphic overlay may include a distance grid indicating
`distances behind the vehicle of objects juxtaposed with the grid.” (C3:L5-13.)
`
`“In order to further enhance the driver’s understanding of what is occurring in the area
`surrounding the vehicle, a rearview vision system 12’” includes a display 20’” having image
`enhancements (FIG. 6). In the illustrative embodiment, such image enhancements include
`graphic overlays 70a, 70b which are hash marks intended to illustrate to the driver the
`anticipated path of movement of vehicle 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the anticipated
`vehicle motion is a function of the vehicle direction of travel as well as the rate of turn of the
`vehicle.” (C10:L29-L38.)
`
`- 14 -
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`

`
`Magna’s Constructive Reduction to Practice Claim Chart
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`IPR2015-01410
`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`[22.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 20, wherein
`said graphic overlay comprises
`indicia indicating distance to
`objects exterior the equipped
`vehicle.
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,670,935
`“According to another aspect of the invention, image enhancement means are provided for
`enhancing the displayed image. Such means may be in the form of graphic overlays
`superimposed on the displayed image. Such graphic overlap may include indicia of the
`anticipated path of travel of the vehicle which is useful in assisting the driver in guiding the
`vehicle in reverse directions. Such graphic overlay may include a distance grid indicating
`distances behind the vehicle of objects juxtaposed with the grid.” (C3:L5-13.)
`
`“Horizontal grid markings on the display may be provided to indicate distances behind the
`vehicle at particular markings. Such grid would allow the driver to judge the relative position of
`vehicles behind the equipped vehicle. In one embodiment, short horizontal lines are
`superimposed on the displayed image at regular rearward intervals in horizontal positions which
`correspond to the boundaries of the lane in which the vehicle is travelling.” (C10:L57-64.)
`
`“Another image enhancement is to alter the appearance of an object in a particular zone
`surrounding the vehicle in order to provide an indication, such as a warning, to the driver. As an
`example, a vehicle that is too close to the equipped vehicle for safe-lane change, may be
`displayed in a particular color, such as red, may flash, or otherwise be distinguishable from other
`images on the display.” (C11:L7-13.)
`
`[23.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 1, wherein
`the image displayed by said
`display screen comprises
`enhancements that assist visually
`distinguishing objects close to the
`equipped vehicle.
`
`[24.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 1, wherein
`the image displayed by said
`display screen comprises indicia
`and wherein said indicia responds
`to at least one of the vehicle's
`steering system, the vehicle’s
`differential system and a compass.
`
`“In order to further enhance the driver’s understanding of what is occurring in the area
`surrounding the vehicle, a rearview vision system 12’” includes a display 20’” having image
`enhancements (FIG. 6). In the illustrative embodiment, such image enhancements include
`graphic overlays 70a, 70b which are hash marks intended to illustrate to the driver the
`anticipated path of movement of vehicle 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the anticipated
`vehicle motion is a function of the vehicle direction of travel as well as the rate of turn of the
`vehicle. The forward or rearward direction of vehicle travel is determined in response to the
`operator placing the gear selection device (not shown) in the reverse gear position. The degree of
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`

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`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
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`Magna’s Constructive Reduction to Practice Claim Chart
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`IPR2015-01410
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,670,935
`turn of the vehicle may be determined by monitoring the movement of the vehicle steering
`system, monitoring the output of an electronic compass, or monitoring the vehicle differential
`drive system. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6, the configuration of graphic overlays 70a,
`70b indicates that the vehicle is in reverse gear and that the wheels are turned in a manner that
`will cause the vehicle to travel toward the driver's side of the vehicle. If the wheels were turned
`in the opposite direction, graphic overlays 70a, 70b would curve clockwise toward the right as
`viewed in FIG. 6. If the vehicle's wheels were straight, graphic overlays 70a, 70b would be
`substantially straight converging lines. If the vehicle is not in reverse gear position, graphic
`overlays 70a, 70b are not presented. Other types of graphic overlays of the displayed image are
`comprehended by the invention.” (C10:L29-56.)
`
`[25.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 1, wherein
`at least one of color and flashing is
`used to draw the driver's attention
`to a potential hazard present in the
`image displayed by said display
`screen.
`
`“Another image enhancement is to alter the appearance of an object in a particular zone
`surrounding the vehicle in order to provide an indication, such as a warning, to the driver. As an
`example, a vehicle that is too close to the equipped vehicle for safe-lane change, may be
`displayed in a particular color, such as red, may flash, or otherwise be distinguishable from other
`images on the display.” (C11:L7-13.)
`
`[26.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 1, wherein
`the image displayed by said
`display screen comprises a graphic
`overlay that includes indicia of the
`anticipated path of travel of the
`equipped vehicle and wherein said
`graphic overlay is disabled when
`the vehicle’s gear actuator is not in
`
`“In order to further enhance the driver’s understanding of what is occurring in the area
`surrounding the vehicle, a rearview vision system 12’” includes a display 20’” having image
`enhancements (FIG. 6). In the illustrative embodiment, such image enhancements include
`graphic overlays 70a, 70b which are hash marks intended to illustrate to the driver the
`anticipated path of movement of vehicle 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the anticipated
`vehicle motion is a function of the vehicle direction of travel as well as the rate of turn of the
`vehicle. The forward or rearward direction of vehicle travel is determined in response to the
`operator placing the gear selection device (not shown) in the reverse gear position. The degree of
`turn of the vehicle may be determined by monitoring the movement of the vehicle steering
`
`- 16 -
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`reverse gear.
`
`Magna’s Constructive Reduction to Practice Claim Chart
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`IPR2015-01410
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,670,935
`system, monitoring the output of an electronic compass, or monitoring the vehicle differential
`drive system. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6, the configuration of graphic overlays 70a,
`70b indicates that the vehicle is in reverse gear and that the wheels are turned in a manner that
`will cause the vehicle to travel toward the driver's side of the vehicle. If the wheels were turned
`in the opposite direction, graphic overlays 70a, 70b would curve clockwise toward the right as
`viewed in FIG. 6. If the vehicle's wheels were straight, graphic overlays 70a, 70b would be
`substantially straight converging lines. If the vehicle is not in reverse gear position, graphic
`overlays 70a, 70b are not presented. Other types of graphic overlays of the displayed image are
`comprehended by the invention.” (C10:L29-56.)
`
`[27.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 1, wherein
`the display luminance of said
`display screen of said
`reconfigurable display device is
`variable responsive to a sensing of
`an ambient light level.
`
`“Various other forms of image processing may be utilized with rearview vision system 12-12’’’.
`Luminant and chrominant blending may be applied to the images captured by image capture
`devices 14, 16 in order to produce equality of the image data whereby the image portions appear
`as if they were produced by one image capture device. The dynamic range of the image capture
`devices may be extended in order to provide high quality images under all lighting conditions.
`Furthermore, individual pixel groups may be controlled in order to selectively compensate for
`bright or dark spots. For example, anti-blooming techniques may be applied for bright spots.
`Multiple exposure techniques may be applied to highlight dark areas. Image morphing and
`warping compensation techniques may additionally be applied. Resolution of the image capture
`devices and display may be selected in order to provide sufficient image quality for the particular
`application.” (C11:L34-51.)
`
`[33.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 1, wherein
`said reconfigurable display device
`comprises a flat-panel display
`device.
`
`“Display 20, in the illustrated embodiment, is a flat panel display, such as a back-lit liquid
`crystal display, a plasma display, a field emission display, or a cathode ray tube.” (C6:L40-42.)
`
`- 17 -
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,670,935
`
`Magna’s Constructive Reduction to Practice Claim Chart
`U.S. Patent No. 8,643,724
`IPR2015-01410
`
`[34.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 33, wherein
`said flat-panel display device
`comprises a back-lit liquid crystal
`display device.
`
`[36.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 33, wherein
`said flat-panel display device
`comprises a plasma display device.
`
`[37.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 33, wherein
`said flat-panel display device is
`mounted at a dashboard of the
`equipped vehicle.
`
`[38.] The vehicular multi-camera
`vision system of claim 33, wherein
`said flat-panel display device is
`mounted at a facia of the equipped
`vehicle.
`
`“Display 20, in the illustrated embodiment, is a flat panel display, such as a back-lit liquid
`crystal display, a plasma display, a field emission display, or a cathode ray tube.” (C6:L40-42.)
`
`“Display 20, in the illustrated embodiment, is a flat panel display, such as a back-lit liquid
`crystal display, a plasma display, a field emission display, or a cathode ray tube.” (C6:L40-42.)
`
`“The display may be mounted/attached to the dashboard, facia or header, or to the windshield at
`a position conventionally occupied by an interi