r.
`
`
`
`Installing and Configuring WINS Servers
`Configuring WINS Servers and Replication
`Partners
`
`7of27
`
`Configuring Replication Partners
`
`WINS sen/ers communicate among themselves to fully replicate their databases, ensuring that a
`name registered with one WINS server is eventually replicated to all other WINS servers within the
`intemetwork. All mapping changes converge within the replication period for the entire WINS
`system, which is the maximum time for propagating changes to all WINS sewers. All released
`names are propagated to all WINS servers after they become extinct, based on the inten/al
`specified in WINS Manager.
`
`Replication is carried out among replication partners, rather than each sen/er replicating to all
`other servers. In the following illustration, Senrerl has only Server2 as a partner, but Server2 has
`three partners. So, for example, Server1 gets all replicated information from Server2, but Server2
`gets information from Server1, Server3, and Sen/er4.
`
`
`
`Replication Configuration Example for WINS Servers
`
`Ultimately, all replications are pulled from the other WINS sen/ers on an intemetwork, but triggers
`are sent by WINS sen/ers to indicate when a replication should be pulled. To achieve replication,
`each WINS sewer is a push partner or pull partner with at least one other WINS server. A pull
`partner is a WINS server that pulls in database replicas from its push partner by requesting and
`then accepting replicas of new database entries in order to synchronize its own database. A push
`partner is a WINS server that sends notification of changes and then sends replicas to its pull
`partner upon receiving a request. When the server's pull partner replicates the information, it pulls
`replicas by asking for all records with a higher version number than the last record stored from the
`last replication for that server.
`
`Choosing whether to configure another WINS server as a push partner or pull partner depends on
`several considerations, including the specific configuration of servers at your site, whether the
`partner is across a wide area network (WAN), and how important it is to propagate the changes.
`
`I
`
`I
`
`If Server2, for example, needs to perform pull replications with ServerB, make sure it is a push
`partner of Server3.
`
`If Server2 needs to push replications to Server3, it should be a pull partner ofW|NS ServerB.
`
`Replication is triggered when a WINS server polls another server to get a replica. This can begin at
`system startup and can also be at a specific time, and it can then repeat at the time interval
`specified for periodic replication. Replication is also triggered when a WINS server reaches a
`threshold set by the administrator, which is an update count for registrations and changes. In this
`case, the sewer notifies its pull partners that it has reached this threshold, and the other servers
`may then decide to pull replicas.
`
`Page 159 of 315
`
`Verizon Exhibit 1006
`
`

`
`I To add a replication partner for a WINS sewer
`
`1.
`
`From the Server menu, choose the Replication Partners command.
`
`This command is available only if you are logged on as a member of the Administrators group
`for the local server.
`
`
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`In the Replication Partners dialog box, choose the Add button.
`
`In the Add WINS Server dialog box, type the name or IP address of the WINS server that you
`want to add to the list, and then choose the OK button. If WINS Manager can find this server,
`it will add it to the WINS Sewer list in the Replication Partners dialog box.
`
`4. From the WINS Server list in the Replication Partners dialog box, select the server you want
`to configure, and then complete the actions described in "Configun'ng Replication Partner
`Properties" later in this chapter.
`
`5.
`
`If you want to limit which WINS servers are displayed in the Replication Partners dialog box,
`check or clear the options as follows:
`
`I Check Push Partners to display push partners for the current WINS server.
`
`I Check Pull Partners to display pull partners for the current WINS server.
`
`I Check Other to display the WINS servers that are neither push partners nor pull partners
`for the current WINS server.
`
`6. To specify replication triggers for the partners you add, follow the procedures described in
`"Tn'ggering Replication Between Partners" later in this chapter.
`
`7. When you finish adding replication partners, choose the OK button.
`
`I To delete replication partners
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`From the Server menu, choose the Replication Partners command.
`
`In the Replication Partners dialog box, select one or more servers in the WINS Sewer list, and
`then choose the Delete button, or press DEL.
`
`WINS Manager asks you to confirm the deletion if you checked the related confirmation option
`in the Preference dialog box, as described in "Setting Preferences for WINS Manager" later in
`this chapter.
`
`Page 160 of 315
`
`

`
`Configuring Replication Partner Properties
`When you designate replication partners, you need to specify parameters for when replication will
`begin.
`
`I To configure replication partners for a WINS server
`
`1.
`
`In the WINS Sewer list of the Replication Partners dialog box, select the server you want to
`configure.
`
`2. Check either Push Partner or Pull Partner or both to indicate the replication partnership you
`want, and then choose the related Configure button.
`
`3. Complete the entries in the appropriate Properties dialog box, as described in the following
`procedures.
`
`I To define pull partner properties
`
`1.
`
`In the Start Time box of the Pull Partner Properties dialog box, type a time to indicate when
`replication should begin.
`
`You can use any separator for hours, minutes, and seconds. You can type AM or PM, for
`example, only if these designators are part of your time setting, as defined using the
`International option in Control Panel.
`
`Ept Default Value:
`
`2.
`
`In the Replication Interval box, type a time in hours, minutes, and seconds to indicate how
`often replications will occur, or use the spin buttons to set the time you want.
`
`If you want to return to the values specified in the Preferences dialog box, choose the Set
`Default Values button.
`
`3. Choose the OK button to return to the Replication Partners dialog box.
`
`I To define push partner properties
`
`1.
`
`In the Update Count box of the Push Partner Properties dialog box, type a number for how
`many additions and updates made to records in the database will result in changes that need
`replication. (Replications that have been pulled in from partners do not count as insertions or
`updates in this context.)
`
`The minimum value for Update Count is 5.
`
`‘fie! Default Value ‘
`
`Page 161 of 315
`
`

`
`If you want to return to the value specified in the Preferences dialog box, choose the Set
`Default Values button.
`
`2. Choose the OK button to return to the Replication Partners dialog box.
`
`Triggering Replication Between Partners
`You can also replicate the database between the partners immediately, rather than waiting for the
`start time or replication interval specified in the Preference dialog box, as described in "Setting
`Preferences for WINS Manager" later in this chapter.
`
`You will probably want to begin replication immediately after you make a series of changes such
`as entering a range of static address mappings.
`I To send a replication trigger
`I In the Replication Partners dialog box, select the WINS servers to which you want to send a
`replication trigger, and then choose the Push or Pull button, depending on whether you want
`to send the trigger to push partners or pull partners.
`
`Optionally, you can check the Push With Propagation box if you want the selected WINS
`server to propagate the trigger to all its pull partners.
`
`If Push With Propagation is not checked, the selected WINS server will not propagate the
`trigger to its other partners.
`I If Push With Propagation is checked, the selected WINS server sends a propagate push
`trigger to its pull partners after it has pulled in the latest information from the source WINS
`server. If it does not need to pull in any replicas because it has the same or more
`up-to-date replicas than the source WINS server, it does not propagate the trigger to its
`pull partners.
`
`start replication immediately
`
`In the Replication Partners dialog box, choose the Replicate Now button.
`
`Page-«—5
`
`

`
`Installing and Configuring WINS Servers
`Managing Static Mappings
`
`8of27
`
`Static mappings are permanent lists of computer name-to-lP address mappings that cannot be
`challenged or removed, except when the administrator removes the specific mapping. You use the
`Static Mappings command in WINS Manager to add, edit, import, or delete static mappings for
`clients on the network that are not WINS enabled.
`
`Important
`If DHCP is also used on the network, a reserved (or static) IP address will override any WINS
`server settings. Static mappings should not be assigned to WINS-enabled computers.
`
`I To view static mappings
`
`1.
`
`From the Mappings menu, choose the Static Mappings command.
`
`Close
`
`Efll Filler...
`
`Elnar Fillul
`
`‘.I_‘ll_du;l.i_aI‘apni'nga.“..i
`
`7
`
`I1
`
`lgplrl Mappings...
`
`gdil llapping... _.
`
`Quinta flapping
`
`Caution
`
`You cannot cancel changes made to the WINS database while working in the Static
`Mappings dialog box. You must manually delete any entries that are added in error or
`manually add back any entries that you mistakenly delete. This is because all changes to the
`WINS database made in this dialog box take effect immediately.
`
`2.
`
`In the Static Mappings dialog box, select a Sort Order option, either by IP address or by
`oomputer name. This selection determines the order in which entries appear in the list of
`static mappings.
`
`3. To edit or add a mapping, follow the procedures described in "Adding Static Mappings" and
`"Editing Static Mappings" later in this chapter.
`
`4. To remove existing static mappings, select the mappings you want to delete from the list, and
`then choose the Delete Mapping button.
`
`Page 163 of 315
`
`

`
`5. To limit the range of mappings displayed in the list of static mappings, choose the Set Filter
`button and follow the procedure in "Filtering the Range of Mappings" later in this chapter. To
`turn off filtering, choose the Clear Filter button.
`
`6. When you finish viewing or changing the static mappings, choose the Close button.
`
`
`
`Page—I3I6
`
`

`
`Installing and Configuring WINS Servers
`Managing Static Mappings
`
`Adding Static Mappings
`
`9of2T
`
`You can add static mappings to the WINS database for specific IP addresses using two methods:
`
`I
`
`I
`
`Type static mappings in a dialog box
`
`Import files that contain static mappings
`
`I To add static mappings to the WINS database by typing entries
`
`1.
`
`In the Static Mappings dialog box, choose the Add Mappings button.
`
`
`
`2.
`
`In the Name box of the Add Static Mappings dialog box, type the computer name of the
`system for which you are adding a static mapping. (If you want, you do not need to type two
`backslashes, because WINS Manager will add these for you.)
`
`3.
`
`In the IP Address box, type the address for the computer.
`
`If Internet Group or Multihomed is selected as the Type option, the dialog box shows
`additional controls for adding multiple addresses. Use the down-arrow button to move the
`address you type into the list of addresses for the group. Use the up-arrow button to change
`the order of a selected address in the list.
`
`4. Select a Type option to indicate whether this entry is a unique name or a kind of group with a
`special name, as described in the following list.
`
`Type option
`
`Meaning
`
`Unique
`
`Group
`
`Internet group
`
`Unique name in the database, with one address per
`name.
`
`Normal group, where addresses of individual members
`are not stored. The client broadcasts name packets to
`normal groups.
`
`Groups with NetB|OS names that have 0x1C as the
`16th byte. An intemet group stores up to 25 addresses
`for members. The maximum number of addresses is
`
`25. For registrations after the 25th address, WINS
`overwrites a replica address or, if none is present, it
`overwrites the oldest registration.
`
`Page 165 of 315
`
`

`
`Multihomed
`
`Unique name that can have more than one address
`(multihomed computers). The maximum number of
`addresses is 25, For registrations afler the 25th
`address, WINS overwrites a replica address or, if none
`is present, it overwrites the oldest registration.
`
` group names defined in this dialog box (that is, added statically), make sure that
`
`the primary domain controller (PDC) for that domain is defined in the group if the PDC is
`running Windows NT Advanced Server version 3.1.
`
`For more information, see "Managing Special Names" later in this chapter.
`
`5. Choose the Add button.
`
`The mapping is immediately added to the database for that entry, and then the boxes are
`cleared so that you can add another entry.
`
`6. Repeat this process for each static mapping you want to add to the database, and then
`choose the Close button.
`
` h static mapping is added to the database when you choose the Add button, you
`
`cannot cancel work in this dialog box. if you make a mistake in entering a name or address
`for a mapping, you must return to the Static Mappings dialog box and delete the mapping
`there.
`
`You can also import entries for static mappings for unique and special group names from any file
`that has the same format as the LMHOSTS file (as described in Chapter 6, "Setting Up
`LMHOSTS"). Scope names and keywords other than #DOM are ignored. However, normal group
`and multihomed names can be added only by typing entries in the Add Static Mappings dialog
`box.
`
`. To import a file containing static mapping entries
`1.
`In the Static Mappings dialog box, choose the Import Mappings button.
`
`2.
`
`In the Select Static Mapping File dialog box, which is similarto the standard Windows NT
`Open dialog box, specify a filename for a static mappings file by typing its name in the box, or
`select one or more filenames in the list, and then choose the OK button to import the tile.
`
`The specified file is read, and a static mapping is created for each computer name and address. If
`the #DOM keyword is included for any record, an internet group is created (if it is not already
`present), and the address is added to that group.
`
`
`
`Page—l3I5
`
`

`
`Installing and Configuring WINS Servers
`
`10 of27
`
`Managing Static Mappings
`
`Editing Static Mappings
`
`You can change the IP addresses in static mappings owned by the WINS server you are currently
`administering.
`
`I To edit a static mapping entry
`
`1.
`
`in the Static Mappings dialog box, select the mapping you want to change and choose the
`Edit Mapping button, or double-click the mapping entry in the list.
`
`
`
`You can view, but not edit, the Computer Name and Mapping Type option for the mapping in
`the Edit Static Mappings dialog box.
`
`2.
`
`In the IP Address box, type a new address for the computer, and then choose the OK button.
`
`The change is made in the WINS database immediately.
`
`Note
`
`If you want to change the computer name or group type related to a specific IP address, you must
`delete the entry and redefine it in the Add Static Mappings dialog box.
`
`
`
`Page 167 of 315
`
`

`
`l‘
`
`Installing and Configuring WINS Servers 11 of27
`
`Managing Static Mappings
`
`Filtering the Range of Mappings
`
`You may want to limit the range of IP addresses or computer names displayed in the Static
`Mappings or Show Database dialog boxes.
`
`You can specify a portion of the computer name or IP address or both when filtering the list of
`mappings.
`
`I To filter mappings by address or name
`
`1.
`
`In the dialog box for Static Mappings or Show Database, choose the Set Filter button.
`
`
`
`2.
`
`In the Set Filter dialog box, type portions of the computer name, address, or both in the
`Computer Name or IP Address boxes.
`
`You can use the asterisk (*) wildcard for poltions of the name or address or both. For
`example, you could type \\acct* to filter all computers with names that begin with acct.
`However, for the address, a wildcard can be used only for a complete octet. That is, you can
`type 11.101.*.*, but you cannot enter 11.1*.1.1 in these boxes.
`
`3. Choose the OK button.
`
`The selected range is displayed in the Static Mappings or Show Database dialog box. The
`filtered range will remain until you clear the filter.
`
`A message will tell you if no mappings are found to match the range you specified, and the
`list of mappings will be empty.
`
`If a filter is in effect for the range of mappings, the Clear Filter button is available for restoring the
`entire list.
`
`I To clear the filtered range of mappings
`
`I
`
`In the Static Mappings or Show Database dialog box, choose the Clear Filter button.
`
`The list now shows all mappings found in the database.
`
`Page 168 of 315
`
`

`
`
`
`Page‘ ('3!
`
`

`
`
`
` anaging tatlc Mappings
`Managing Special Names
`
`WINS recognizes special names for several types of groups, including a normal group,
`multihomed, and internet group. This section describes these groups and presents some
`background details to help you understand how WINS manages these groups.
`
`Normal Group Names
`A group name does not have an address associated with it. It can be valid on any subnet and can
`be registered with more than one WINS server. A group's timestamp shows the last time for any
`change received for the group. If the WINS server receives a query for the group name, it returns
`FFFFFFFF (the limited broadcast address). The client then broadcasts on the subnet. The group
`name is renewed when any member of the group renews the group name.
`
`Multihomed Names
`
`A multihomed name is a single, unique name storing multiple addresses. A multihomed device is
`a computer with multiple network cards and/or multiple IP addresses bound to NetB|OS over
`TCP/IP. A multihomed device with multiple IP addresses can register one or more addresses by
`sending one address at a time in a special name registration packet. A multihomed name in a
`WINS database can have one or more addresses. The timestamp for the record reflects any
`changes made for any members of the name.
`
`Each multihomed group name can contain a maximum of 25 IP addresses.
`
`When you configure TCP/IP manually on a Windows NT computer, you use the Advanced
`Microsoft TCP/IP dialog box to specify the IP address and other information for each adapter on a
`multihomed computer.
`
`Internet Group Names
`The internet group name is read as configuration data. When dynamic name registrations for
`internet groups are received, the actual address (rather than the subnet broadcast address) is
`stored in the group with a timestamp and the owner ID, which indicates the WINS server
`registering that address.
`
`The internet group name (which has a 16th byte ending in 0x1C reserved for domain names, as
`described in the following section) can contain a maximum of 25 IP addresses for primary and
`backup domain controllers in a domain. Dynamically registered names are added if the list is not
`static and has fewer than 25 members. If the list has 25 members, WINS removes a replica
`member (that is, a member registered by another WINS server) and adds the new member. If all
`members are owned by this WINS server, the oldest member is replaced by the new one.
`
`WINS gives precedence over remote members to members in an internet group name that
`registered with it. This preference means that the group name always contains the geographically
`closest Windows NT Server computers. To establish the preference of members of internet groups
`registered with other WINS servers under the \Partners\Pu|| key in the Registry, a precedence is
`assigned for each WINS partner as a value of the MemberPrec Registry parameter. Preference
`should be given to WINS servers near the WINS server you are configuring. For more information
`about the value of this parameter, see its entry in "Advanced Configuration Parameters for WINS"
`later in this chapter.
`
`The internet group name is handled specially by WINS, which returns the 24 closest Windows NT
`Server computers in the domain, plus the domain controller. The name ending in 1C is also used
`to discover a Windows NT Server computer in a domain when a computer running Windows NT
`Workstation or Windows NT Server needs a server for pass-through authentication.
`
`Page—l3I5
`
`

`
`If your network still has domain controllers running Windows NT Advanced Server version 3.1 to be
`included in the Internet group name, you must add these to the group manually using WINS
`Manager. When you manually add such a computer to the internet group name, the list becomes
`static and no longer accepts dynamic updates from WINS-enabled computers.
`
`For information about related issues in LMHOSTS for #DOM entries, see "Designating Domain
`Controllers Using #DOM" in Chapter 6, "Setting Up LMHOSTS."
`
`How WINS Handles Special Names
`Special names are indicated by a 16th byte appended to the computer name or domain name.
`The following table shows some special names that can be defined for static entries in the Add
`Static Mappings dialog box.
`
`Special Names for Static Mappings
`Name
`Usage
`ending
`
`How WINS handles queries
`
`WINS always returns the limited
`broadcast address (FFFFFFFF).
`
`0x1E
`
`0x1D
`
`A normal group. Browsers
`broadcast to this name and
`listen on it to elect a master
`browser. The broadcast is
`done on the local subnet and
`should not cross routers.
`
`Clients resolve this name to WINS always returns a negative
`access the master browser
`response. If the node is h-node or
`for server lists. There is one
`m-node, the client broadcasts a
`master browser on a subnet.
`name query to resolve the name.
`For registrations, WINS returns a
`positive response even though the
`names are not put into the
`database.
`
`0x1C
`
`The internet group name,
`which contains a list of the
`
`specific addresses of
`systems that have registered
`the name. The domain
`
`controller registers this name.
`
`WINS treats this as an internet
`group, where each member of the
`group must renew its name
`individually or be released. The
`internet group is limited to 25
`names. (Note, however, that there
`is no limit for #DOM entries in
`LMHOSTS.)
`
`WINS returns a positive response
`for a dynamic registration of a static
`1C name, but the address is not
`added to the list. When a static 1C
`
`name is replicated that clashes
`with a dynamic 1C name on
`another WINS server, a union of the
`members is added, and the record
`is marked as static.
`
`The following illustrates a sample NetBlOS name table for a Windows NT Server domain controller,
`such as the list that appears if you type nbtstat -n at the command prompt. This table shows the
`16th byte for special names, plus the type (unique or group).
`NetBIOS Local Name Table
`
`Name
`<OC29870B>
`
`ANNIEP5
`
`ANNIEP5
`
`<Z0>
`
`<00>
`
`ANNIEPDOM <00>
`
`ANNIEPDOM <I(>
`
`Type
`UNIQUE
`
`UNIQUE
`
`UNIQUE
`
`GROUP
`
`GROUP
`
`Status
`Registered
`
`Rcgistcrcd
`
`Registered
`
`Registered
`
`Registered
`
`Page—I3I5
`
`

`
`ANNIEPDOM <1B>
`
`ANNIEP5
`
`ANNLEP5
`
`ANNLEP5
`
`<O3>
`
`<1 E>
`
`<1 D>
`
`.._MSBROWSE<O l>
`
`UNIQUE
`
`UNIQUE
`
`GROUP
`
`UNIQUE
`
`GROUP
`
`Registered
`
`Registered
`
`Registered
`
`Registered
`
`Registered
`
`Example NetBlOS Name Table for a Windows NT Domain Controller
`
`As shown in this example, several special names are identified for both the computer and the
`domain. These special names include the following:
`
`0x0 (shown as <0O> in the example), the redirector name, which is used with net view.
`
`0x3, the Messenger service name for sending messages.
`
`_MSBROWSE_, the name master browsers broadcast to on the local subnet to announce
`their domains to other master browsers. WINS handles this name by returning the broadcast
`address FFFFFFFF.
`I Ox1B, the domain master browser name, which clients and browsers use to Contact the
`domain master browser. A domain master browser gets the names of all domain master
`browsers. When WINS is queried for the domain master browser name, it handles the query
`like any other name query and returns its address.
`
`WINS assumes that the computer that registers a domain name with the 1B character is the
`domain controller. This name is registered by the browser running on the domain controller.
`This ensures that the domain controller is in the internet group name list that is returned when
`a 1C name is queried, for which WINS always returns the address of the 1B name along with
`the members of a 1C name.
`
`
`
`Page—<I3I5
`
`

`
`.1‘.
`
`Installing and Configuring WINS Servers 13 of27
`
`Setting Preferences for WINS Manager
`
`You can configure several options for administration of WINS servers. The commands for
`controlling preferences are on the Options menu.
`
`I To display the status bar for help on commands
`I
`From the Options menu, choose the Status Bar command.
`
`When this command is active, its name is checked on the menu, and the status bar at the
`bottom of the WINS Manager window displays descriptions of commands as they are
`highlighted in the menu bar.
`
`I To set preferences for WINS Manager
`
`1.
`
`From the Options menu, choose the Preferences command.
`
`2. To see all the available preferences, choose the Partners button in the Preferences dialog box.
`
`1
`
`3. Select an Address Display option to indicate how you want address information to be
`displayed throughout WINS Manager-as computer name, IP address, or an ordered
`combination of both.
`
`Note
`
`Remember that the kind of address display affects how a connection is made to the WINS
`server - for IP addresses, the connection is made via TCP/IP; for computer names, the
`connection is made via named pipes.
`
`4. Check Auto Refresh if you want the statistics in the WINS Manager window to be refreshed
`automatically. Then enter a number in the Interval box to specify the number of seconds
`
`Page 173 of 315
`
`

`
`between refresh actions.
`
`WINS Manager also refreshes the statistical display automatically each time an action is
`initiated while you are working in WINS Manager.
`
`5. Check the LAN Manager-Compatible check box if you want computer names to adhere to the
`LAN Manager naming convention.
`
`LAN Manager computer names are limited to 15 characters, as opposed to 16-character
`NetB|OS names used by some other sources, such as Lotus Notes®. In LAN Manager
`names, the 16th byte is used to indicate whether the device is a server, workstation,
`messenger, and so on. When this option is checked, WINS adds and imports static
`mappings with 0, 0x03, and 0x20 as the 16th byte.
`
`All Windows networking, including Windows NT, follows the LAN Manager convention. So this
`box should be checked unless your network accepts NetB|OS name from other sources.
`
`6. Check Vaiidate Cache Of Known WINS Servers At Startup Time if you want the system to
`query the list of servers each time the system starts to find out if each server is available.
`
`7.
`
`8.
`
`9.
`
`If you want a warning message to appear each time you delete a static mapping or the
`cached name of a WINS server, check the Confirm Deletion Of Static Mappings And Cached
`WINS Servers option.
`
`In the Start Time box, type a time to specify the default for replication start time for new pull
`partners. Then specify values for the Replication interval to indicate how often data replicas will
`be exchanged between the partners.
`
`The minimum value for the Replication Interval is 40 minutes.
`
`In the Update Count box, type a number to specify a default for how many registrations and
`changes can occur locally before a replication trigger is sent by this server when it is a push
`partner. The minimum value is 5.
`
`10. When all options are set for your preferences, choose the OK button.
`
`
`
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`
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`
` Managing the WINS Database
`
`The following files are stored in the \systemroot\SYSTEM32\W|NS directory that is created when
`you set up a WINS server:
`I JET.LOG is a log of all transactions done with the database. This file is used by WINS to
`recover data if necessary.
`
`SYSTEM.MDB is used by WINS for holding information about the structure of its database.
`W|NS.MDB is the WINS database file.
`
`WINSTMP.MDB is a temporary file that WINS creates. This file may remain in the \WlNS
`directory after a crash.
`
`You should back up these files when you back up other files on the WINS server.
`
`“e
`
`I .|:OG. SYSTEM.MDB, WINSMDB, and W|NSTMP.MDB files should not be removed or
`
`tampered with in any manner.
`
`Like any database, the WINS database of address mappings needs to be cleaned and backed up
`periodically. WINS Manager provides the tools you need for maintaining the database. This
`section describes how to scavenge (clean), view, and back up the database. For information on
`restoring and moving the WINS database, see "Troubleshooting WINS" later in this chapter.
`
`
`
`Pagel <I3I5
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`

`
` Managing the WINS Database
`
`Scavenging the Database
`
`The local WINS database should periodically be cleared of released entries and old entries that
`were registered at another WINS server but did not get removed from this WINS database for
`some reason. This process, called scavenging, is done automatically over intervals defined by the
`relationship between the Renewal and Extinct intervals defined in the Configuration dialog box.
`You can also clean the database manually.
`
`For example, if you want to verify old replicas immediately instead of waiting the time interval
`specified for verification, you can manually scavenge the database.
`
`scavenge the WINS database
`
`From the Mappings menu, choose the Initiate Scavenging command.
`
`The database is cleaned, with the results as shown in the following table.
`
`State before scavenging
`Owned active names for which
`
`State after scavenging
`Marked released
`
`the Renewal interval has expired
`Owned released name for which
`
`the Extinct interval has expired
`Owned extinct names for which
`
`the Extinct timeout has expired
`
`Replicas of extinct names for which
`the Extinct timeout has expired
`
`Marked extinct
`
`Deleted
`
`Deleted
`
`Replicas of active names for which
`the Verify interval has expired
`Replicas of extinct or deleted names Deleted
`For information about the intervals and timeouts that govern database scavenging, see
`"Configuring WINS Servers" earlier in this chapter.
`
`Revalidated
`
`After WINS has been running for a while, the database may need to be compacted to improve
`WINS performance.
`
`. To compact the WINS database
`
`1. At the WINS server, stop the Windows Internet Name Service using the Control Panel
`Services option or by typing net stop wins at the command prompt.
`
`2. Run COMPACT.EXE (which is found in the \systemroot\SYSTEM32 directory).
`
`3. Restart the Windows Internet Name Service on the WINS server.
`
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`Page -3!
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`r
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`
`Installing and Configuring WINS Servers
`Managing the WINS Database
`
`16of27
`
`Viewing the WINS Database
`
`You can view the actual active and static mappings stored in the WINS database, based on the
`WINS server that owns the entries.
`
`I To view the WINS database
`
`1.
`
`From the Mappings menu, choose the Show Database command.
`
`-IllHI-
`
`‘I
`
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`
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`Ur-mer
`
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`'5}§'Show
`Mappings
`'-
`.
`Select Qwnet
`
`Filter: None
`
`Mgppings
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`Vi‘ \\A-ANNIEP2[00h]
`11.103.41.12
`\'IA—ANN|EP2[03h]
`11.103.41.12
`
`\\.A-ANNIEP2[20h]
`
`11.103.41.12
`
`. VIA-A.NN|EPDt]H[00h|
`\'t.A-ANNlEPI)l]H[1Bh]
`guui-ANN|EPDUH[1Ch]
`‘@,\\.A-ANNIEPI)0H[1Eh]
`
`11.103.41.12
`11.103.41.12
`11.10141 12
`11.103.41.12
`
`Sort Order
`
`‘
`
`C) Sort by l_P Address
`(Q So“ by Compute! Name—
`0 Sort by limestamp
`
`0 Sort by ‘iersion ID
`C) Sort by Type
`
`S Timestamp
`5I20l84 4:14:49 PM
`5/20/94 4:14:50 PM
`5/20/94 4:14:49 PM
`5120/94 4:14:50 PM
`5/20/94 4:14:49 PM
`5l20!S4 4:14:49 PM
`5!20!S4 4:14:49 PM
`5a'20!El4 4:14:49 PM
`
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`
`Version ID
`
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`
`2.
`
`In the Show Database dialog box, to view the mappings in the database for a specific WINS
`server, select Show Only Mappings From Specific Owner, and then from the Select Owner
`list, select the WINS server whose database you want to view.
`
`By default, the Show Database dialog box shows all mappings for the WINS database on the
`currently selected WINS server.
`
`3. Select a Sort Order option to sort by IP address, computer name, timestamp for the mapping,
`version ID, or type. (For information about types, see "Adding Static Mappings" earlier in this
`chapter.)
`
`4.
`
`If you want to view only a range of mappings, choose the Set Filter button and follow the
`procedures described in "Filtering the Range of Mappings" earlier in this chapter. To turn off
`filtering, choose the Clear Filter button.
`
`5. Use the scroll bars in the Mappings box to view entries in the database. Then choose the
`
`Page 178 of 315
`
`

`
`Close button when you are finished viewing.
`
`As shown in the Mappings list, each registration record in the WINS database includes these
`elements:
`
`Item
`
`Meaning
`
`Unique
`
`Group, intemet group, or multihomed
`
`Computer name The NetBIOS computer name.
`IP address
`The assigned lnternet Protocol address.
`
`A or 3
`
`Timestamp
`
`Version ID
`
`Whether the mapping is