For Distn'bution Only With a New PC
`
`
`
`Page 1 of 290
`
`Verizon Exhibit 1003
`
`

`

`TCP/IP
`
`Microsofto Windows NT" Server
`
`Version 3.5
`
`Microsoft Corporation
`
`Page 2 of 290
`
`

`

`lnfonnation in this document is subject to change without notice. Companies, names, and data user
`examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted. No part of this document may be reproduced
`transmitted in any form or by any means. electronic or mechanical. for any purpose. without the
`express written permission of Microsoft Corporation.
`
`© 1985—1994 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
`
`Microsoft, MS, MS-DOS, MSX, and Win32 are registered trademarks and Windows and Window:
`are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the USA and other countries.
`
`Apple, AppleTalk, and Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.
`CompuServe is a registered trademark of CompuServe, Inc.
`Open VMS is a registered trademark and DEC and DECnet are trademarks of Digital Equipment
`Corporation.
`HP is a registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard Company.
`IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.
`Lotus and Lotus Notes are registered trademarks of Lotus Development Corporation.
`Novell and NetWare are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc.
`NT is a trademark of Northern Telecom Limited in the USA and other countries.
`
`PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc.
`Sun is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Incorporated.
`UNIX is a registered trademark of UNIX Systems laboratories.
`
`008.A6430.EN112
`
`Page 3 of 290
`
`

`

`
`
`Contents
`
`Welcome ........................................................... xi
`
`What’s New in This Release? .......................................... xii
`
`How to Use This Manual ............................................ xiii
`
`Documentation Conventions ........................................... xv
`
`Finding More Information ............................................ xv
`
`Chapter 1 Overview of Microsoft TCPIIP for Windows NT .................... 1
`What Is TCP/IP for Windows NT?....................................... 2
`
`What Does Microsoft TCP/IP Include? ................................... 3
`
`Windows NT Solutions in TCP/IP Intemetworks ........................... 7
`
`Using TCP/IP for Scalability in Windows Networks ...................... 7
`
`Using TCP/IP for Connectivity to the Internet ........................... 8
`
`TCP/IP for Heterogeneous Networking ............................... 10
`
`Using TCP/IP with Third-Party Software .............................. 11
`
`Chapter2 Installing and Configuring Microsoft
`TCPIIP and SNMP .................................................... 15
`
`Before Installing Microsoft TCP/IP ..................................... 16
`
`Installing TCP/IP .................................................... 17
`
`Configuring TCP/IP .................................................. 20
`
`Using DHCP .................................................... 20
`
`Configuring TCP/IP Manually ...................................... 21
`
`Configuring TCP/IP to Use DNS ....................................... 25
`
`Configuring Advanced TCP/IP Options .................................. 27
`
`Configuring SNMP .................................................. 30
`
`Configuring SNMP Security ........................................ 32
`
`Configuring SNMP Agent Information ................................ 34
`
`Removing TCP/IP Components ........................................ 35
`
`Configuring RAS for Use with TCP/IP ................................. ‘. 36
`
`Chapter 3 Networking Concepts for TCPIIP .............................. 37
`
`TCP/IP and Windows NT Networking................................... 38
`lntemet Protocol Suite ................................................ 39
`
`Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol .................... 39
`
`User Datagram Protocol ........................................... 40
`
`Address Resolution Protocol and Internet Control Message Protocol ........ 40
`
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`

`

`iv
`
`Contents
`
`[P Addressing ....................................................... 41
`[P Addresses ..................................................... 41
`
`Network [D and Host [D ........................................ 42
`
`Subnet Masks ................................................ 43
`
`Routing and [P Gateways........................................... 44
`
`Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ................................ 46
`
`Name Resolution for Windows Networking............................... 48
`NetBIOS over TCP/[P and Name Resolution ........................... 50
`
`B-Node ...................................................... 51
`
`P-Node ...................................................... 51
`
`M-Node ...................................................... 52
`
`H-Node ...................................................... 52
`
`B-Node with LMHOSTS and Combinations ........................ 52
`
`Windows [ntemet Name Service and Broadcast Name Resolution .......... 53
`
`WINS in a Routed Environment .................................. 53
`
`WINS Name Registration ....................................... 58
`WINS Name Release ........................................... 58
`
`WINS Name Renewal .......................................... 59
`
`[P Addressing for RAS............................................. 60
`Name Resolution with Host Files .................................... 61
`
`Domain Name System Addressing ................................... 62
`SNMP ............................................................. 65
`
`Chapter4 Installing and Configuring DHCP Sewers ....................... 67
`Overview of DHCP Clients and Servers ................................. 68
`
`Installing DHCP Servers .............................................. 69
`
`Using DHCP Manager ............................................... 70
`
`Defining DHCP Scopes ............................................... 72
`
`Creating Scopes .................................................. 73
`
`Changing Scope Properties ......................................... 75
`
`Removing a Scope ................................................ 75
`
`Configuring DHCP Options ........................................... 75
`
`Assigning DHCP Configuration Options .............................. 76
`
`Creating New DHCP Options ....................................... 78
`
`Changing DHCP Option Values ..................................... 80
`
`Defining Options for Reservations ................................... 81
`
`Predefined DHCP Client Configuration Options ........................ 82
`
`Administering DHCP Clients .......................................... 87
`
`Managing Client [eases ............................................ 88
`
`Managing Client Reservations....................................... 89
`
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`
`
` Contents v
`
`Managing the DHCP Database Files .................................... 91
`
`Troubleshooting DHCP ............................................... 92
`
`Restoring the DHCP Database ...................................... 93
`
`Backing up the DHCP Database onto Another Computer ................. 93
`
`Advanced Configuration Parameters for DHCP ........................... 94
`
`Registry Parameters DHCP Servers .................................. 95
`
`Registry Parameters for DHCP Clients ............................... 97
`
`Guidelines for Setting Local Policies .................................... 97
`
`Guidelines for Managing DHCP Addressing Policy ..................... 97
`
`Dynamic Allocation of IP Addresses............................... 97
`Manual Allocation of IP Addresses ................................ 99
`
`Guidelines for Lease Options ....................................... 99
`
`Guidelines for Partitioning the Address Pool .......................... 100
`
`Guidelines for Avoiding DNS Naming Conflicts ....................... 100
`
`Using DHCP with Diskless Workstations ............................ 101
`
`Planning a Strategy for DHCP ........................................ 101
`
`Planning a Small-Scale Strategy for DHCP Servers .................... 102
`
`Planning a large-Scale Strategy for DHCP Servers .................... 103
`
`Chapter 5 Installing and Configuring WINS Sewers ...................... 105
`WINS Benefits..................................................... 106
`
`Installing WINS Servers ............................................. 106
`
`Administering WINS Servers ......................................... 107
`
`Configuring WINS Servers and Replication Partners ...................... 112
`
`Configuring WINS Servers ........................................ 113
`
`Configuring Replication Partners ................................... 116
`
`Configuring Replication Partner Properties ........................ 118
`
`Triggering Replication Between Partners .......................... 120
`
`Managing Static Mappings ........................................... 120
`
`Adding Static Mappings .......................................... 122
`
`Editing Static Mappings .......................................... 124
`
`Filtering the Range of Mappings .................................... 125
`
`Managing Special Names ......................................... 126
`
`Normal Group Names ......................................... 126
`Multihomed Names ........................................... 126
`
`Internet Group Names ......................................... 126
`
`How WINS Handles Special Names .............................. 127
`
`Setting Preferences for WINS Manager ................................. 129
`
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`vl
`
`Contents
`
`Managing the WINS Database ........................................ 132
`
`Scavenging the Database .......................................... 132
`
`Viewing the WINS Database ...................................... 134
`
`Backing Up the Database .......................................... 136
`
`Troubleshooting WINS .............................................. 137
`
`Basic WINS Troubleshooting ...................................... 137
`
`Restoring or Moving the WINS Database ............................ 139
`
`Restoring a WINS Database .................................... 139
`
`Restarting and Rebuilding a Down WINS Server ................... 139
`
`Moving the WINS Database .................................... 140
`
`Advanced Configuration Parameters for WINS ........................... 141
`
`Registry Parameters for WINS Sewers .............................. 142
`
`Registry Parameters for Replication Partners .......................... 143
`Parameters for Push Partners .................................... 143
`
`Parameters for Pull Partners..................................... 144
`
`Planning a Strategy for WINS Servers .................................. 145
`
`Planning for Server Performance.................................... 145
`
`Planning Replication Partners and Proxies ............................ 145
`
`Planning Replication Frequency Between Hubs ........................ 146
`
`Chapter 6 Setting Up LMHOSTS ...................................... 147
`
`Editing the LMHOSTS File .......................................... 148
`Rules for LMHOSTS ............................................. 148
`
`Guidelines for LMHOSTS ......................................... 150
`
`Using LMHOSTS with Dynamic Name Resolution ....................... 151
`
`Specifying Remote Sewers in LMHOSTS ............................ 151
`
`Designating Domain Controllers Using #DOM ........................ 153
`
`Using Centralized LMHOSTS Files ................................. 155
`
`Chapter 7 Using the Microsoft FTP Sewer Service ....................... 157
`
`Installing the FTP Sewer Sewice ...................................... 158
`
`Configuring the FTP Sewer Sewice. .
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`: ....................... 159
`
`Administering the FTP Sewer Sewice .................................. 163
`
`Using FTP Commands at the Command Prompt........................ 164
`
`Managing Users ................................................. 164
`
`Controlling the FTP Sewer and User Access .......................... 165
`
`Annotating Directories ............................................ 165
`
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`

`Contents
`
`vil
`
`Changing Directory Listing Format ................................. 166
`
`Customizing Greeting and Exit Messages ............................ 166
`
`Logging FTP Connections ......................................... 166
`
`Advanced Configuration Parameters for FTP Server Service ................ 167
`
`Chapter 8 Using Pertormance Monitor with TCPIIP Services ............... 171
`
`Using Performance Monitor with TCP/IP .................. , ............ 172
`
`Monitoring TCP/IP Performance ...................................... 173
`ICMP Performance Counters....................................... 173
`
`IP Performance Counters .......................................... 175
`
`Network Interface Performance Counters for TCP/IP ................... 177
`
`TCP Performance Counters ........................................ 179
`
`UDP Performance Counters ....................................... 180
`
`Monitoring FTP Server Traffic ........................................ 180
`
`Monitoring WINS Server Performance ................................. 182
`
`Chapter 9 Intemetworir Printing with TCPIIP ............................ 183
`
`Overview of TCP/IP Printing ......................................... 184
`
`Setting Up Windows NT for TCP/IP Printing ............................ 185
`
`Creating a Printer for TCP/IP Printing .................................. 185
`
`Printing to Windows NT from UNIX Clients ............................ 189
`
`Chapter 10 Troubleshooting TCPIIP ................................... 191
`
`Troubleshooting 1P Configuration ..................................... 192
`
`Troubleshooting Name Resolution Problems .......................... 193
`Name Resolution Problems in HOSTS ..... . ...................... 193
`
`Name Resolution Problems in LMHOSTS ......................... 193
`
`Troubleshooting Other Connection Problems.......................... 193
`
`Troubleshooting Other Problems ...................................... 195
`
`Troubleshooting the FTP Server Service ............................. 195
`
`Troubleshooting Telnet ........................................... 196
`
`Troubleshooting Gateways ........................................ 196
`Troubleshooting TCP/IP Database Files ................................ 197
`
`Page 8 of 290
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`

`

`viii
`
`Contents
`
`Appendixes
`
`Chapter 11 UtIIities Reterenee........................................ 199
`
`arp ............................................................... 200
`
`finger ............................................................ 201
`
`ftp ............................................................... 201
`hostnarne.......................................................... 204
`
`ipoonfig........................................................... 205
`
`lpq ............................................................... 206
`
`lpr ............................................................... 206
`nbtstat ............................................................ 207
`
`netstat ............................................................ 209
`
`ping .............................................................. 210
`
`rcp ............................................................... 212
`rexec ............................................................. 215
`
`route ............................................................. 216
`
`rsh ............................................................... 217
`
`telnet ............................................................. 218
`
`tftp............................................................... 219
`tracert ............................................................ 220
`
`Appendix A MIB Object Types for Windows NT .......................... 223
`
`LAN Manager MIB H for Windows NT Objects ........................ 224
`
`Common Group ................................................. 224
`
`Sewer Group ................................................... 225
`
`Workstation Group............................................... 228
`
`Domain Group .................................................. 228
`
`Microsoft DHCP Objects ............................................ 229
`DHCP MIB Parameters ........................................... 229
`
`DHCP Scope Group .............................................. 229
`
`Microsoft WINS Objects............................................. 230
`WINS Parameters................................................ 230
`
`WINS Datafiles Group ........................................... 232
`
`WINS Pull Group ................................................ 232
`
`WINS Push Group ............................................... 233
`
`WINS Cmd Group ............................................... 234
`
`Page 9 of 290
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`

`

`Contents
`
`ix
`
`Appendix B Windows Sockets Applications ............................ 237
`Vendors ..................................................... 237
`
`Internet Sources for Applications ................................ 241
`
`Glossary............................................................................ 245
`
`Index.......... I..................................................................... 253
`
`Page 10 of 290
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`Page 11 of 290
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`

`

`Welcome
`
`xi
`
`Welcome to Microsofto TCP/IP for Windows NT".
`
`Transmission Control Protocol/Intemet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a networking protocol
`that provides communication across interconnected networks. This manual,
`Microsoft Windows NT Server TCP/IP, describes how to install, configure, and
`troubleshoot Microsoft TCP/IP on a computer running the Microsoft Windows NT
`Workstation or Windows NT Server operating system. It also provides a reference
`for the TCP/IP utilities and information about how to install and use the other
`
`TCP/IP services such as the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Server service, TCP/lP
`printing, and Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), plus the software to
`support new dynamic configuration and name resolution services.
`
`This manual assumes that you are familiar with the Microsoft Windows NT
`operating system. If you are not familiar with this product, refer to your
`Microsoft Windows NT documentation set.
`
`This introduction provides the following basic information:
`
`I What’s new in this release
`
`I How to use this manual
`
`I Document conventions
`
`I Finding more information
`
`Page 12 of 290
`
`

`

`xii
`
`TCPIIP
`
`What’s New in This Release?
`
`In this new version of Windows NT, TCP/IP capabilities have been expanded to
`include automatic TCP/IP configuration and powerful name resolution capabilities
`through the addition of new protocols and supporting administrative tools. New
`TCP/IP utilities plus the addition of performance counters for TCP/IP and related
`services will also help make administrative tasks easier. New elements include the
`following:
`
`Enhanced speed and performance
`
`Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
`
`Microsoft TCP/IP supports automatic TCP/IP configuration through the new
`DHCP service. When DHCP servers are installed on the network, users can take
`
`advantage of dynamic IP address allocation and management.
`
`Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)
`
`Microsoft TCP/IP provides a powerful, new name resolution service for easy,
`centralized management of computer name-to-IP address resolution in medium
`and large intemetworks.
`
`New TCP/IP utilities and commands
`
`This version includes a new Windows-based Telnet accessory for connecting to
`remote systems. The utilities provided with Microsoft TCP/lP have been
`expanded to include ipconfig for displaying current TCP/IP network
`configuration values, tracert for determining the route taken to a destination,
`lpq for showing print queue status for TCP/IP printing, and lpr for printing a
`file in TCP/IP printing.
`
`Performance counters
`
`You can use Performance Monitor to track performance of the IP protocols, FTP
`Server service traffic, and WINS servers. You can also use SNMP to monitor
`
`and manage WINS and DHCP servers.
`
`Multiple default gateways
`
`You can configure multiple default gateways for Windows NT computers. This
`ensures maximum reliability in networks that offer redundant routes.
`
`TCPIIP printing
`
`With TCP/IP printing installed on a single Windows NT computer on the
`network, other Windows networking computers can print to a direct-connect
`TCP/IP printer or a UNIXo-connected printer, without any special client
`software.
`
`Page 13 of 290
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`

`

`How to Use This Manual
`
`Welcome
`
`xill
`
`This manual contains the following chapters and appendix:
`
`Chapter 1, “Overview of Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows NT”
`Describes the elements that make up Microsoft TCP/IP and provides an
`overview of how you can use Microsoft TCP/IP to support various networking
`solutions.
`
`Chapter 2, “Installing and Configuring Microsoft TCP/IP and SNMP”
`Describes the process for installing and configuring Microsoft TCP/IP, SNMP,
`and Remote Access Service (RAS) with TCP/IP on a computer running
`Windows NT.
`
`Chapter 3, “Networking Concepts for TCP/IP”
`Presents key TCP/IP networking concepts for network administrators interested
`in a technical discussion of the elements that make up Microsoft TCP/IP.
`
`Chapter 4, “Installing and Configuring DHCP Sewers”
`Presents the procedures and strategies for setting up servers to support the
`Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for Windows networks.
`
`Chapter 5, “Installing and Configuring WINS Servers”
`Presents the procedures and strategies for setting up Windows Internet Name
`Service servers.
`
`Chapter 6, “Setting Up LMHOSTS”
`Provides guidelines and tips for using LMHOSTS files for name resolution on
`networks.
`
`Chapter 7, “Using the Microsoft FTP Server Service”
`Describes how to install, configure, and administer the Microsoft FTP Server
`service.
`
`Chapter 8, “Using Performance Monitor with TCP/IP Services”
`Describes how to use the performance counters for TCP/IP, FTP Sewer service,
`DHCP sewers, and WINS sewers.
`
`Chapter 9, “Internetwork Printing and TCP/IP”
`Describes how to install TCP/IP printing and create TCP/IP printers on
`Windows NT computers with Microsoft TCP/IP.
`
`Chapter 10, “Troubleshooting TCP/IP”
`Describes how to troubleshoot IP connections and use the diagnostic utilities to
`get information that will help solve networking problems.
`
`Page 14 of 290
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`

`

`xiv
`
`TCPIIP
`
`Chapter 11, “Utilities Reference”
`Describes the TCP/IP utilities and provides syntax and notes.
`
`Appendix A, “LAN Manager MlB ll for Windows NT Objects”
`Describes the LAN Manager MIB ll objects provided when you install SNMP
`with Windows NT.
`
`Appendix B, “Windows Sockets Application Vendors”
`Lists third-party vendors who have created software based on the Windows
`Sockets standard to provide utilities and applications that run in heterogeneous
`networks that use TCP/IP. This appendix also lists lntemet sources for public-
`domain software based on Windows Sockets.
`
`The Glossary provides definitions of TCP/IP and networking technical terms used
`in this manual.
`
`You can get online Help by pressing F1 in all dialog boxes for installing and
`configuring TCP/lP and related components. You can also get online Help about the
`Microsoft TCP/IP networking solutions and for the TCP/IP utilities.
`
`To get help on Microsofi TCP/IP networking solutions
`
`0
`
`In File Manager, double-click TCPIP.HLP in \systemr00t\SYSTEM32 (this
`could be C:\WINNT35\SYSTEM32, or wherever you installed the Windows
`NT system files).
`
`To get help on TCP/IP utilities
`
`0 At the command prompt, type a TCP/IP command name followed by the -?
`switch. For example, type ping -? and press ENTER to get help on the ping
`command.
`
`-01'...
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`In the Program Manager Main group, double-click the Windows NT Help icon.
`
`In the Windows NT Help window, click the Command Reference Help button.
`
`In the Commands window, click a command name.
`
`_O[_
`
`In the Command Reference window, choose the Search button, and then type a
`command name in the box or select a command name from the list.
`
`Page 15 of 290
`
`

`

`Documentation Conventions
`
`Welcome
`
`xv
`
`This manual uses several type styles and special characters, described in the
`following list:
`
`Convention
`
`Use
`
`bold
`
`italic
`
`ALL UPPERCASE
`
`SMALL CAPITALS
`
`[brackets]
`
`Represents commands, command options, and file entries. Type
`bold words exactly as they appear (for example, net use).
`
`Introduces new terms and represents variables. For example, the
`variable computer name indicates that you type the name of a
`workstation or a server.
`
`Represents filenames and paths. (You can, however, type such
`entries in uppercase or lowercase letters, or a combination of the
`two.)
`
`Represents keyboard names (for example, Ci‘RL, ENTER, and F2).
`
`Encloses optional items in syntax statements. For example,
`[password] indicates that you can choose to type a password with
`the command. Type only the information within the brackets, not
`the brackets themselves.
`
`...(ellipsis)
`
`Indicates a command element may be repeated.
`
`Indicates a procedure.
`
`Refers to operating system and networking functionality that is
`available in both Windows NT Server and Windows NT
`Workstation.
`
`Refers to the Windows NT system tree. This can be \WINNT,
`\WINNT35, \WINDOWS, or whatever other directory name you
`specified when installing Windows NT.
`
`D W
`
`indows NT
`
`\WINNT or
`
`\systemroot
`
`Finding More Information
`In addition to the standard ways for receiving technical support from Microsoft (as
`described in the Windows NT Server Installation Guide), you can get support for
`Windows NT via the Internet.
`
`Note Your computer must be connected to the Internet to take advantage of this
`service.
`
`b To get Windows NT support via the Internet
`
`0 Start ftp and connect to ftp.microsoft.com
`
`This support service uses anonymous FTP under Windows NT to provide
`documentation, utilities, updated drivers, and other information for many
`Microsoft systems products.
`
`Page 16 of 290
`
`

`

`xvl
`
`TCPlIP
`
`For a more technical discussion of the topics mentioned in this manual, refer to the
`following texts and articles:
`
`Allard, J. “DHCP—TCP/IP Network Configuration Made Easy,” ConneXions,
`Volume 7, No. 8, August 1993.
`
`Allard, l., K. Moore, and D. Treadwell. “Plug into Serious Network Programming
`with the Windows Sockets API,” Microsoft Systems Journal, July: 35—40, 1993.
`
`Comer, D. Internetworking with TCP/IP Volume I: Principles, Protocols, and
`Architecture. Second edition. Englewood Cliffs,le Prentice Hall, 1991.
`
`Comer, D. and D. Stevens. Internetworking with TCP/IP Volume II: Design,
`Implementation, and Internals. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991.
`
`Comer, D. and D. Stevens. Internetworking with TCP/IP Volume III: CIientServer
`Programming and Applications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991.
`
`Hall, M., et al. Windows Sockets: An Open Interface for Network Programming
`Under Microsoft Windows, Version 1.1, Revision A, 1993.
`
`Krol, E. The Whole Internet User ’s Guide and Catalog. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly
`and Associates, 1992.
`
`Rose, MT. The Simple Book. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991.
`
`Page 17 of 290
`
`

`

`
`
`CHAPTER
`
`1
`
`Overview
`
`for Windows NT
`
`of Microsoft TCPIIP
`
`Transmission Control Protocol/Intemet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a networking protocol
`that provides communication across interconnected networks made up of computers
`with diverse hardware architectures and various operating systems. TCP/IP can be
`used to communicate with Windows NT systems, with devices that use other
`Microsoft networking products, and with non—Microsoft systems, such as UNIX.
`
`This chapter introduces Microsoft TCPIIP for Windows NT. The topics in this
`chapter include the following:
`
`- What is TCP/IP for Windows NT?
`
`I What does Microsoft TCP/IP include?
`
`I Windows NT solutions in TCPIIP intemetworks
`
`For more detailed information on TCP/IP and its integration with Microsoft
`Windows NT and other networking products, see Chapter 3, “Networking Concepts
`for TCPIIP.”
`
`Page 18 of 290
`
`

`

`2
`
`TCPIIP
`
`What Is TCPIIP for Windows NT?
`
`The TCP/IP protocol family is a standard set of networking protocols, or rules, that
`govern how data is passed betWeen computers on a network. TCP/lP is used to
`connect the lntemet, the worldwide intemetwork connecting over two million
`universities, research labs, US. defense installations, and corporations. (By
`convention, “lntemet” is capitalized when referring to the worldwide intemetwork.)
`These same protocols can be used in private intemetworks that connect several
`local area networks.
`
`Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows NT enables enterprise networking and connectivity
`on Windows NT computers. Adding TCP/IP to a Windows NT configuration offers
`the following advantages:
`
`I A standard, routable enterprise networking protocol that is the most complete
`and accepted protocol available. All modern operating systems offer TCP/IP
`support, and most large networks rely on TCP/IP for much of their network
`traffic.
`
`A technology for connecting dissimilar systems. Many standard connectivity
`utilities are available to access and transfer data between dissimilar systems,
`including File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Terminal Emulation Protocol
`(Telnet). Several of these standard utilities are included with Windows NT.
`
`A robust, scalable, cross-platform client-server framework. Microsoft TCP/lP
`supports the Windows Sockets 1.1 interface, which is ideal for developing
`client-server applications that can run with Windows Sockets-compliant stacks
`from other vendors. Many public-domain lntemet tools are also written to the
`Windows Sockets standard. Windows Sockets applications can also take
`advantage of other networking protocols such as Microsoft NWLink, the
`Microsoft implementation of the lPX/SPX protocols used in Novello NetWareo
`networks.
`
`I The enabling technology necessary to connect Windows NT to the global
`lntemet. TCPIIP, Point to Point Protocol (PPP), and Windows Sockets 1.1
`provide the foundation needed to c0nnect and use lntemet services.
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`Chapter 1 Overview of Microsoft TCPIIP for Windows NT
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`3
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`What Does Microsoft TCPIIP Include?
`
`Microsoft TCP/IP provides all the elements necessary to implement these protocols
`for networking. Microsoft TCP/IP includes the following:
`
`Core TCP/IP protocols, including the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP),
`Internet Protocol (1P), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Address Resolution
`Protocol (ARP), and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). This suite of
`Internet protocols provides a set of standards for how computers communicate
`and how networks are interconnected. Support is also provided for PPP and
`Serial-Line IP (SLIP), which are protocols used for dial-up access to TCP/IP
`networks, including the Internet.
`
`Support for application interfaces, including Windows Sockets 1.1 for network
`programming, remote procedure call (RPC) for communicating between
`systems, NetBIOS for establishing logical names and sessions on the network,
`and network dynamic data exchange (Network DDE) for sharing information
`embedded in documents across the network.
`
`Basic TCP/IP connectivity utilities, including finger, ftp, lpr, rcp, rexec, rsh,
`telnet, and tftp. These utilities allow Windows NT users to interact with and
`use resources on non-Microsoft hosts, such as UNIX workstations.
`
`TCP/IP diagnostic tools, including arp, hostname, ipconfig, lpq, nbtstat,
`netstat, ping, route, and tracert. These utilities can be used to detect and
`resolve TCP/IP networking problems.
`
`Services and related administrative tools, including the FTP Server service for
`transferring files between remote computers, Windows Intemet Name Service
`(WINS) for dynamically registering and querying computer names on an
`intemetwork, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) service for
`automatically configuring TCP/IP on Windows NT computers, and TCP/IP
`printing for accessing printers connected to a UNIX computer or connected
`directly to the network via TCPIIP.
`
`Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent. This component allows a
`Windows NT computer to be administered remotely using management tools
`such as Suno Net Manager or HP® Open View. SNMP can also be use to
`monitor and manage DHCP servers and WINS servers.
`
`The client software for simple network protocols, including Character
`Generator, Daytime, Discard, Echo, and Quote of the Day. These protocols
`allow a Windows NT computer to respond to requests from other systems that
`support these protocols. When these protocols are installed, a sample QUOTES
`files is also installed in the \systemroot\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC directory.
`
`Path MTU Discovery, which provides the ability to determine the datagram size
`for all routers between Windows NT computers and any other systems on the
`WAN. Microsoft TCP/IP also supports the Internet Gateway Multicast Protocol
`(lGMP), which is used by new workgroup software products.
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