UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`_______________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`_______________
`
`REALTEK SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
`Petitioner
`
`v.
`
`ANDREA ELECTRONICS CORPORATION
`Patent Owner
`_______________
`
`Case: IPR2015-01395
`
`Patent 6,363,345
`_______________
`
`DECLARATION OF DAVID ANDERSON
`
`RTL345-2_1028-0001
`
`Realtek345-2 Ex. 1028
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`

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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`Page
`
`I.
`
`II.
`
`Introduction ..................................................................................................1
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`Qualifications And Compensation ................................................................1
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`III. Materials Considered ....................................................................................4
`
`IV. Level Of Ordinary Skill In The Art ...............................................................4
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`V. My Understanding Of Patent Law.................................................................4
`
`A.
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`D.
`
`Burden of Proof ..................................................................................5
`
`Anticipation ........................................................................................5
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`Obviousness ........................................................................................5
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`Claim Construction .............................................................................7
`
`VI. The ’345 Patent.............................................................................................7
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`VII. Prosecution History Of The ’345 Patent........................................................8
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`VIII. Prior Art Analysis ....................................................................................... 10
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`A. Diethorn ............................................................................................ 10
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`1. Claim 1 ......................................................................................11
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`2. Claim 2 ......................................................................................17
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`RTL345-2_1028-0002
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`i
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`3. Claim 3 ......................................................................................18
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`3. Claim 3 .................................................................................... ..18
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`4. Claim 12 ....................................................................................20
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`4. Claim 12 .................................................................................. ..20
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`5. Claim 21 ....................................................................................22
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`5. Claim 21 .................................................................................. ..22
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`6. Claim 23 ....................................................................................24
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`6. Claim 23 .................................................................................. ..24
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`7. Claim 24 ....................................................................................25
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`7. Claim 24 .................................................................................. ..25
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`B.
`
`B.
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`Diethorn In View Of Martin ............................................................. 26
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`Diethom In View Of Martin ........................................................... ..26
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`1. Claim 4 ......................................................................................32
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`1. Claim 4 .................................................................................... ..32
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`2. Claim 5 ......................................................................................37
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`2. Claim 5 .................................................................................... ..37
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`3. Claim 6 ......................................................................................40
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`3. Claim 6 .................................................................................... ..40
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`4. Claim 7 ......................................................................................40
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`4. Claim 7 .................................................................................... ..40
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`5. Claim 8 ......................................................................................42
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`5. Claim 8 .................................................................................... ..42
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`6. Claim 9 ......................................................................................44
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`6. Claim 9 .................................................................................... ..44
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`7. Claim 10 ....................................................................................47
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`7. Claim 10 .................................................................................. ..47
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`8. Claim 11 ....................................................................................48
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`8. Claim 11 .................................................................................. ..48
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`9. Claim 13 ....................................................................................48
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`9. Claim 13 .................................................................................. ..48
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`RTL345-2_1028-0003
`RTL345-2_1028-0003
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`ii
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`ii
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`

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`10. Claim 25 ....................................................................................49
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`10. Claim 25 .................................................................................. ..49
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`11. Claim 38 ....................................................................................49
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`11. Claim 38 .................................................................................. ..49
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`12. Claim 39 ....................................................................................50
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`12. Claim 39 .................................................................................. ..50
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`13. Claim 40 ....................................................................................50
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`13. Claim 40 .................................................................................. ..50
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`14. Claim 41 ....................................................................................51
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`14. Claim 41 .................................................................................. ..51
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`15. Claim 42 ....................................................................................51
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`15. Claim 42 .................................................................................. ..51
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`16. Claim 46 ....................................................................................52
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`16. Claim 46 .................................................................................. ..52
`
`C.
`
`C.
`
`Diethorn In View Of Boll ................................................................. 52
`
`Diethom In View Of Boll ............................................................... ..52
`
`1. Claim 13 ....................................................................................54
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`1. Claim 13 .................................................................................. ..54
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`2. Claim 14 ....................................................................................55
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`2. Claim 14 .................................................................................. ..55
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`3. Claim 15 ....................................................................................57
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`3. Claim 15 .................................................................................. ..57
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`4. Claim 16 ....................................................................................58
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`4. Claim 16 .................................................................................. ..58
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`5. Claim 17 ....................................................................................58
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`5. Claim 17 .................................................................................. ..58
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`6. Claim 18 ....................................................................................62
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`6. Claim 18 .................................................................................. ..62
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`7. Claim 19 ....................................................................................63
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`7. Claim 19 .................................................................................. ..63
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`RTL345-2_1028-0004
`RTL345-2_1028-0004
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`iii
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`iii
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`

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`8. Claim 20 ....................................................................................64
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`8. Claim 20 .................................................................................. ..64
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`9. Claim 38 ....................................................................................64
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`9. Claim 38 .................................................................................. ..64
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`10. Claim 47 ....................................................................................64
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`10. Claim 47 .................................................................................. ..64
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`D. Diethorn In View Of Uesugi And/Or Lindemann ............................. 64
`D.
`Diethom In View Of Uesugi And/Or Lindemann ........................... ..64
`
`1. Claim 21 ....................................................................................69
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`1 . Claim 21 .................................................................................. ..69
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`2. Claim 22 ....................................................................................71
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`2. Claim 22 .................................................................................. ..71
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`3. Claim 23 ....................................................................................71
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`3. Claim 23 .................................................................................. ..71
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`4. Claim 24 ....................................................................................73
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`4. Claim 24 .................................................................................. ..73
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`E.
`
`E.
`
`Diethorn In View Of Martin And Boll .............................................. 76
`
`Diethom In View Of Martin And Boll ............................................ ..76
`
`1. Claim 43 ....................................................................................77
`
`1. Claim 43 .................................................................................. ..77
`
`F.
`F.
`
`Diethorn In View Of Martin And Uesugi .......................................... 77
`Diethom In View Of Martin And Uesugi ........................................ ..77
`
`1. Claim 44 ....................................................................................78
`
`1. Claim 44 .................................................................................. ..78
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`2. Claim 45 ....................................................................................78
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`2. Claim 45 .................................................................................. ..78
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`G. Martin ............................................................................................... 79
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`G. Martin ............................................................................................. ..79
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`1. Claim 1 ......................................................................................81
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`1. Claim 1 .................................................................................... ..81
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`RTL345-2_1028-0005
`RTL345-2_1028-0005
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`iv
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`iv
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`2. Claim 2 ......................................................................................86
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`2. Claim 2 .................................................................................... ..86
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`3. Claim 3 ......................................................................................87
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`3. Claim 3 .................................................................................... ..87
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`4. Claims 4-11 ...............................................................................88
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`4. Claims 4-11 ............................................................................. ..88
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`5. Claim 13 ....................................................................................88
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`5. Claim 13 .................................................................................. ..88
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`6. Claim 25 ....................................................................................90
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`6. Claim 25 .................................................................................. ..90
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`7. Claim 38 ....................................................................................90
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`7. Claim 38 .................................................................................. ..90
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`8. Claim 39 ....................................................................................90
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`8. Claim 39 .................................................................................. ..90
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`9. Claim 40 ....................................................................................90
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`9. Claim 40 .................................................................................. ..90
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`10. Claim 41 ....................................................................................90
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`10. Claim 41 .................................................................................. ..90
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`11. Claim 46 ....................................................................................90
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`11. Claim 46 .................................................................................. ..90
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`H. Martin In View Of Boll..................................................................... 90
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`H. Martin In View Of Boll ................................................................... ..90
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`1. Claim 12 ....................................................................................92
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`1. Claim 12 .................................................................................. ..92
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`2. Claims 14-20, 43, and 47 ...........................................................94
`2. Claims 14-20, 43, and 47 ......................................................... ..94
`
`3. Claim 42 ....................................................................................94
`
`3. Claim 42 .................................................................................. ..94
`
`I.
`1.
`
`Martin In View Of Uesugi ................................................................ 94
`Martin In View Of Uesugi .............................................................. ..94
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`RTL345-2_1028-0006
`RTL345-2_1028-0006
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`V
`
`v
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`

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`1. Claims 21, 22 and 23 .................................................................95
`1. Claims 21, 22 and 23 ............................................................... ..95
`
`2. Claims 44, and 45 ......................................................................96
`2. Claims 44, and 45 .................................................................... ..96
`
`J. Martin In View Of Uesugi, And Further In View Of Diethorn Or
`J.
`Martin In View Of Uesugi, And Further In View Of Diethorn Or
`
`Lindemann. ....................................................................................... 96
`Lindemann. ..................................................................................... ..96
`
`1. Claim 24 ....................................................................................97
`
`1. Claim 24 .................................................................................. ..97
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`IX. Conclusion .................................................................................................. 97
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`Conclusion ................................................................................................ ..97
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`IX.
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`RTL345-2_1028-0007
`RTL345-2_1 028-0007
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`vi
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`Vi
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`Appendix 1 – Curriculum Vitae of David Anderson
`
`Appendix 2 – List of Documents Considered
`
`Appendix A – Ground 1 - Claim Chart For U.S. Patent 6,363, 345: Claims 1-3, 12,
`21, 23, And 24 Are Unpatentable Under 35 U.S.C. § 102(b) As Being
`Anticipated By U.S. Patent No. 6,035,048 Diethorn
`
`Appendix B – Ground 2 - Claim Chart For U.S. Patent 6,363, 345: Claims 4-11,
`13, 25, 38-42 And 46 Are Unpatentable Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) As Being
`Obvious Over Diethorn In View Of Martin
`
`Appendix C – Ground 3 - Claim Chart For U.S. Patent 6,363, 345: Claims 13-20,
`38, And 47 are Unpatentable Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) As Being Obvious Over
`Diethorn In View Of Boll
`
`Appendix D – Ground 4 - Claim Chart For U.S. Patent 6,363, 345: Claims 21-24
`Are Unpatentable Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) As Being Obvious Over Diethorn
`In View Of Uesugi And/Or Lindemann
`
`Appendix E – Ground 5 - Claim Chart For U.S. Patent 6,363, 345: Claims 43 Is
`Unpatentable Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) As Being Obvious Over Diethorn And
`Martin, And Further In View Of Boll
`
`Appendix F – Ground 6 - Claim Chart For U.S. Patent 6,363, 345: Claims 44 And
`45 Are Unpatentable Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) As Being Obvious Over
`Diethorn And Martin, And Further In View Of Uesugi
`
`Appendix G – Ground 7 - Claim Chart For U.S. Patent 6,363, 345: Claims 1-11,
`13, 25, 38-41 And 46 Are Unpatentable Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) As Being
`Obvious Over Martin
`
`Appendix H – Ground 8 - Claim Chart For U.S. Patent 6,363, 345: Claims 12, 14-
`20, 42, 43, and 47 Are Unpatentable Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) As Being
`Obvious Over Martin In View Of Boll
`
`Appendix I – Ground 9 - Claim Chart For U.S. Patent 6,363, 345: Claims 21,
`22,23, 44, And 45 are Unpatentable Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) As Being
`Obvious Over Martin In View Of Uesugi
`
`RTL345-2_1028-0008
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`vii
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`

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`Appendix J – Ground 10 - Claim Chart For U.S. Patent 6,363, 345: Claim 24 Is
`Unpatentable Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) As Being Obvious Over Martin And
`Uesugi, And Further In View Of Diethorn Or Lindemann
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`RTL345-2_1028-0009
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`viii
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`

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`I, David Anderson, hereby declare, affirm and state the following:
`
`I.
`
`1.
`
`Introduction
`
`The facts set forth below are known to me personally, and I have firsthand
`
`knowledge of them.
`
`2.
`
`I make this Declaration in support of a Petition for inter partes review of
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,363,345 (“the ’345 Patent”).
`
`3.
`
`I have been retained by Steptoe & Johnson LLP on behalf of Realtek
`
`Semiconductor Corporation.
`
`4.
`
`I have been asked to provide my technical review, analysis, insights, and
`
`opinions on the materials I have reviewed in this case related to the ’345 Patent,
`
`including the references that form the basis for the grounds of rejection set forth in
`
`the Petition No. IPR2015-01395 for Inter Partes Review of the ’345 Patent
`
`(“Petition”), and the scientific and technical knowledge regarding the same subject
`
`matter at the time of the alleged inventions disclosed in the ’345 Patent.
`
`II. Qualifications And Compensation
`
`5.
`
`6.
`
`I am over the age of eighteen and I am a citizen of the United States.
`
`I have summarized in this section my educational background, career
`
`history, and other relevant qualifications. My curriculum vitae, including my
`
`qualifications, a list of the publications that I have authored during my technical
`
`career, and a list of the cases in which, during the previous four years, I have
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`RTL345-2_1028-0010
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`1
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`testified as an expert at trial or by deposition, is attached to this declaration as
`
`Appendix 1.
`
`7.
`
`I earned my Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from
`
`Brigham Young University in 1993. In 1994 I earned my Master of Science
`
`degree in Electrical Engineering, also from Brigham Young University. I earned
`
`my Doctorate of Philosophy in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Georgia
`
`Institute of Technology in 1999, with my dissertation on “Audio Signal
`
`Enhancement Using Multi-resolution Sinusoidal Modeling.”
`
`8.
`
`After obtaining my Doctorate of Philosophy degree, I worked as an
`
`Education Specialist at Texas Instruments, Inc. from April 1999 through
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`September of 1999. In this position, I developed a self-paced course on signal
`
`processing fundamentals and implementation for practicing engineers.
`
`9.
`
`In September of 1999, I joined the faculty of Georgia Institute of
`
`Technology as an Assistant Professor in the School of Electrical and Computer
`
`Engineering. While on this faculty, I taught courses in signal processing and
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`computer architecture and performed research in signal processing and low-power
`
`implementation of signal processing systems.
`
`10.
`
`In June of 2005, I was promoted to the rank of Associate Professor, and in
`
`March of 2012, I became a full Professor, where I continued teaching and research
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`in signal processing and signal processing systems with an emphasis in low-power
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`RTL345-2_1028-0011
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`systems, signal enhancement, and signal processing related to human audio
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`perception.
`
`11.
`
`I have three patents related to the field of audio signal enhancement, U.S.
`
`Patent no. 6,351,731; U.S. Patent no. 6,453,285; and U.S. Patent no. 7,034,603.
`
`Additionally, I have many scholarly publications on enhancing speech signals and
`
`removing noise that are included in my CV including J. M. Hurtado and D. V.
`
`Anderson “FFT-based block processing in speech enhancement: potential artifacts
`
`and solutions,” IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing,
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`19(8):2527-2537, Nov. 2011.
`
`12.
`
`I have authored and co-authored approximately 200 journal publications,
`
`conference proceedings, technical articles, technical papers, book chapters, and
`
`technical presentations, in a broad array of signal processing technology. I have
`
`also developed and taught many courses related to digital signal processing and
`
`signal processing systems. These courses have included introductory as well as
`
`more advanced courses.
`
`13.
`
`I am being compensated for my time at the rate of $350 per hour for my
`
`work in connection with this matter. The compensation is not dependent in any
`
`way on the contents of this Declaration, the substance of any further opinions or
`
`testimony that I may provide, or the ultimate outcome of this matter.
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`RTL345-2_1028-0012
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`3
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`III. Materials Considered
`
`14.
`
`I have carefully reviewed the ’345 Patent and its file history. I have also
`
`reviewed several prior art references.
`
`15.
`
`For convenience, all of the sources that I considered in preparing this
`
`declaration are listed in Appendix 2.
`
`IV. Level Of Ordinary Skill In The Art
`
`16.
`
`I have been informed that my analysis of the interpretation of the asserted
`
`claims of the ’345 patent must be undertaken from the perspective of a person
`
`possessing ordinary skill in the art of the ’345 patent. In my opinion, a person of
`
`ordinary skill in the art at the time of the ’345 patent would have been an
`
`individual with at least a Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering with a specialty
`
`in digital signal processing. In the alternative, this person would have a Bachelor’s
`
`degree in Electrical Engineering with at least two years of training in signal
`
`processing specializing in adaptive signal processing, and at least two years of
`
`experience with microphone array processing algorithm development and
`
`implementation. I possess these qualifications, and I have considered the issues
`
`herein from the perspective of a person of ordinary skill in the art.
`
`V. My Understanding Of Patent Law
`
`17.
`
`I am not an attorney but I have had the concept of patentability explained to
`
`me. I understand that a patent claim can be unpatentable under the United States
`
`patent laws for various reasons, including, for example, anticipation or obviousness
`4
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`RTL345-2_1028-0013
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`in light of the prior art. In arriving at my opinions, I have applied the following
`
`legal standards and analyses regarding patentability.
`
`A.
`
`Burden of Proof
`
`18.
`
`I understand that Petitioner has the burden to prove a proposition of
`
`unpatentability by a preponderance of the evidence. I also understand that this is a
`
`lower standard than the clear and convincing evidence standard that is required to
`
`prove unpatentability in patent litigation before a district court.
`
`B.
`
`Anticipation
`
`19.
`
`I understand that a claim is anticipated by a prior art reference, item, or
`
`device if the prior art reference, item, or device discloses every element in the
`
`claim. Such a disclosure can be express (it says or shows it), or it can be inherent
`
`(the element must necessarily be there even if the prior art does not say it or show
`
`it). If the claim is anticipated, the claim is unpatentable.
`
`20.
`
`I understand that the first step in an anticipation analysis is to construe the
`
`claim, and the second step is to compare the construed claim to the prior art
`
`reference.
`
`C.
`
`Obviousness
`
`21.
`
`I understand that a patent claim may be unpatentable for obviousness even if
`
`it is not anticipated by the prior art. I understand that a patent claim is obvious if
`
`the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the
`
`subject matter of the claimed invention, as a whole, would have been obvious to
`5
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`RTL345-2_1028-0014
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`one of ordinary skill in the art at the time the invention was made. If the claim is
`
`obvious, the claim is unpatentable.
`
`22.
`
`I understand that before an obviousness determination is made, the level of
`
`ordinary skill in the art must be considered, and the scope and content of the prior
`
`art must be considered, as well. I understand that to determine the scope and
`
`content of prior art, one must determine what prior art is reasonably pertinent to the
`
`particular problem the inventor faced. I understand that prior art is reasonably
`
`pertinent if it is in the same field as the claimed invention, or is from another field
`
`that a person of ordinary skill in the art would look to in trying to solve the
`
`problem.
`
`23.
`
`I understand that a patent claim maybe be obvious if the prior art would have
`
`suggested to, motivated, or provided a reason to one of ordinary skill in the art to
`
`combine certain prior art references to arrive at the elements of the claim. I also
`
`understand that one can look at interrelated teachings of multiple patents, the
`
`effects of demands known to the design community or present in the marketplace,
`
`and the background knowledge possessed by a person having ordinary skill in the
`
`art—all in order to determine whether there was an apparent reason to combine the
`
`known elements in the fashion claimed by the patent at issue. I further understand
`
`that a person of ordinary skill is a person of ordinary creativity, not an automaton.
`
`This person of ordinary creativity works in the contexts of a community of
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`RTL345-2_1028-0015
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`6
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`inventors and of the marketplace. The obviousness inquiry needs to reflect these
`
`realities within which inventions and patents function. In order to arrive at a
`
`conclusion that an invention is obvious, it can be helpful to identify a reason that
`
`would have prompted a person of ordinary skill in the relevant field to combine the
`
`elements in the way the claimed invention does.
`
`D.
`
`Claim Construction
`
`24.
`
`For the purposes of my opinions related to the issue of patentability of the
`
`’345 Patent, I have been informed that the claims of the ’345 Patent are to be given
`
`their broadest reasonable interpretation in view of the specification from the
`
`perspective of one skilled in the art. In comparing the claims of the ’345 Patent to
`
`the known prior art, I have carefully considered the ’345 Patent and the ’345 Patent
`
`prosecution history based upon my experience and knowledge in the relevant field.
`
`25.
`
`For the reasons explained below, claims 1-25 and 38-47 of the ’345 patent
`
`are unpatentable as being obvious by the prior art discussed below. I reserve the
`
`right to amend and/or supplement this declaration in light of additional relevant
`
`evidence, arguments, or testimony presented, for example, during discovery for
`
`this IPR.
`
`VI. The ’345 Patent
`
`26.
`
`The ’345 patent is directed to a digital signal processing system for
`
`cancelling noise. The system uses a threshold detector to detect the position of
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`RTL345-2_1028-0016
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`7
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`noise elements in a signal containing speech and noise, in which the threshold is
`
`set according to current and future minimum values of the frequency spectrum
`
`elements of the signal.
`
`27.
`
`The system further employs two-dimensional smoothing on the estimated
`
`signal using neighboring frequency bins and an exponential average over time.
`
`Subtraction of an estimated noise signal is performed by a filter multiplication, and
`
`residual noise reduction is employed to further reduce noise after subtracting an
`
`estimated noise signal.
`
`VII. Prosecution History Of The ’345 Patent
`
`28. U.S. Patent Application No. 09/252,874 that led to the ’345 patent, entitled
`
`“System, Method and Apparatus for Cancelling Noise,” was filed on February 18,
`
`1999, and issued on March 26, 2002.1 The ’345 patent lists its inventors as Joseph
`
`Marash and Baruch Berdugo. Ex. 1020 at RTL345-2_1020-0007.
`
`29.
`
`In an information disclosure statement (IDS) of May 23, 2000, the Applicant
`
`disclosed the article Steven F. Boll, Suppression of Acoustic Noise in Speech
`
`Using Spectral Subtraction, IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal
`
`1 Additionally, PCT/US00/03538 was filed on February 11, 2000 which is
`
`published claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application 09/252,874. Ex. 1021.
`
`RTL345-2_1028-0017
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`8
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`

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`Processing, Vol. ASSP-27, No. 2, April 1979 (“Boll”). Id. at RTL345-2_1020-
`
`0099.
`
`30. On November 1, 2000, the Examiner issued a Non-Final Rejection requiring
`
`a legible copy of the Information Disclosure Statement (“IDS”) of May 23, 2000,
`
`and provisionally rejected all claims for non-statutory obviousness-type double
`
`patenting over then co-pending Application 09/385,966. Id. at RTL345-2_1020-
`
`0100-103.
`
`31. On March 16, 2001, the Applicant filed a duplicate copy of the previously
`
`filed IDS and a request for reconsideration. Id. at RTL345-2_1020-0110.
`
`32. On May 29, 2001, the Examiner issued a Final Rejection based on the prior
`
`untraversed double patenting rejection. Id. at RTL345-2_1020-0128-132.
`
`33. On June 7, 2001, the Applicant filed an Amendment traversing the double
`
`patenting rejection by noting that Application 09/385,966 had been abandoned. Id.
`
`at RTL345-2_1020-0136.
`
`34.
`
`The Examiner then issued a further Non-Final Rejection on June 28, 2001,
`
`rejecting all claims under 35 U.S.C. § 112, first and second paragraphs, as being
`
`indefinite or non-enabled. Id. at RTL345-2_1020-0138-142.
`
`35. On September 28, 2001, the Applicant filed an Amendment to overcome this
`
`rejection, which was accepted, and the Examiner issued a Notice of Allowance on
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`RTL345-2_1028-0018
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`9
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`October 9, 2001. Id. at RTL345-2_1020-0144-158, 159-161. None of the
`
`Examiner’s rejections or comments relied upon the Boll reference.
`
`VIII. Prior Art Analysis
`
`36.
`
`I now turn to the references applied in the grounds for rejections discussed in
`
`the Petition for Inter Partes Review. In my analysis, I will specifically address the
`
`following references:
`
`No.
`
`1022
`
`Reference
`Rainer Martin, An Efficient Algorithm to Estimate the
`Instantaneous SNR of Speech Signals, Proc.
`Eurospeech, pp. 1093-96, 1993
`Steven F. Boll, Suppression of Acoustic Noise in
`Speech Using Spectral Subtraction, IEEE Transactions
`on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol.
`ASSP-27, No. 2, April 1979
`1024 U.S. Patent No. 5,459,683
`1025 U.S. Patent No. 6,035,048
`1026 U.S. Patent No. 5,651,071
`
`1023
`
`Referred To As
`
`Martin ’93
`
`Boll
`
`Uesugi
`Diethorn
`Lindemann
`
`37.
`
` Attached hereto as Appendices A-J are claim charts addressing each of the
`
`above references, alone or in combination with other references. I have reviewed
`
`the charts in detail and incorporate the charts herein by reference.
`
`A.
`
`Diethorn
`
`38. U.S. Patent No. 6,035,048 (“Diethorn”), attached to the Petition as Exhibit
`
`1025, anticipates or renders obvious (in view of the ordinary skill in the art or with
`
`other prior art references) at least claims 1-3, 12, 21, 23, and 24 of the ’345 Patent.
`
`RTL345-2_1028-0019
`
`10
`
`

`
`39. Diethorn describes a system for enhancing an audio signal corrupted with
`
`noise. Ex. 1025 at 3:49-52; 4:25-29. The Diethorn system divides input noisy
`
`speech into subbands, estimates and smoothes the signal and noise in each
`
`subband, and uses the smoothed signal and noise values to determine a gain that is
`
`applied to each subband prior to recombination. Ex. 1025, Abstract; Figure 2.
`
`1.
`
`Claim 1
`
`1. An apparatus for canceling noise, comprising:
`[a] an input for inputting an audio signal which includes
`a noise signal;
`[b] a frequency spectrum generator for generating the
`frequency spectrum of said audio signal thereby
`generating frequency bins of said audio signal; and
`[c] a threshold detector for setting a threshold for each
`frequency bin using a noise estimation process a