UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION
`WASHINGTON, D.C.
`
`Before The Honorable - - - - - - -
`Administrative Law Judge
`
`In the Matter of
`
`)
`)
`)
`CERTAIN AUDIO PROCESSING
`HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE AND
`)
`PRODUCTS CONTAINING SAME
`)
`------------------------------)
`VERIFIED COMPLAINT UNDER SECTION 337
`OF THE TARIFF ACT OF 1930, AS AMENDED
`
`Investigation No. 337-TA-_
`
`COMPLAINANT:
`
`RESPONDENTS:
`
`Andrea Electronics Corp.
`65 Orville Drive, Suite One
`Bohemia, NY 11716
`U.S.A.
`Tel: 631-719-1800
`
`COUNSEL FOR COMPLAINANT:
`
`Goutam Patnaik
`Tuhin Ganguly
`David J. Shaw
`Kelly E. Rose
`Pepper Hamilton LLP
`Hamilton Square
`600 Fourteenth Street, N.W.
`Washington, DC 20005-2004
`Tel: 202-220-1200
`Fax: 202-220-1665
`
`William D. Belanger
`Frank D. Liu
`Suparna Datta
`Gwendolyn E. Tawresey
`Pepper Hamilton LLP
`19th Floor, High Street Tower
`125 High Street
`Boston, MA 02110-2736
`Tel: 617-204-5100
`Fax: 617-204-5150
`
`Acer Inc.
`8F, 88, Sec. 1, Xintai 5th Rd. Xixhi,
`New Taipei City 221, Taiwan
`Tel: 866-2-2696-1234
`
`Acer America Corp.
`333 West San Carlos Street, Suite 1500
`San Jose, CA 95110
`Tel: 508-533-7700
`
`ASUSTeK Computer Inc.
`No. 15, Li-Te Rd., Beitou District,
`Taipei 112, Taiwan
`Tel: 866-2-2894-3447
`
`ASUS Computer International
`800 Corporate Way
`Fremont, CA 94539
`Tel: 510-739-3777
`
`Dell Inc.
`One Dell Way
`Round Rock, TX 78682
`Tel: 512-338-4400
`
`Hewlett Packard Co.
`3000 Hanover Street
`Palo Alto, CA 94304-1185
`Tel: 650-857-1501
`
`RTL345-1_1015-0001
`
`

`
`Lenovo Group Ltd.
`Shangdi Information Industry Base
`No 6 Chuang Ye Road, Haidan District
`100085 Beijing, China
`Tel: 86-10-5886-8888
`
`Lenovo Holding Co., Inc.
`1009 Think Place
`Morrisville, NC 27650
`Tel: 855-253-6686
`
`Lenovo (United States) Inc.
`1009 Think Place
`Morrisville, NC 27650
`Tel: 855-253-6686
`
`Toshiba Corp.
`1-1, Shibaura l-chome,
`Toshiba Building,
`Minato-Ku,
`Tokyo 105-8001, Japan
`Tel: 81-3-3457-4511
`
`Toshiba America, Inc.
`1251 Avenue of the Americas
`Suite 4110
`New York, NY 10020
`Tel: 212-596-0600
`
`Toshiba America Information Systems, Inc.
`9740 Irvine Boulevard
`Irvine, CA 92618
`Tel: 949-461-4321
`
`Realtek Semiconductor Corp.
`No.2, Innovation Road II,
`Hsinchu Science Park,
`Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
`Tel: 886-3-578-0211
`
`RTL345-1_1015-0002
`
`

`
`I.
`
`II.
`
`III.
`
`IV.
`
`V.
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1
`
`THE PARTIES .................................................................................................................... 3
`A.
`Complainant ............................................................................................................ 3
`B.
`Respondents ............................................................................................................ 7
`1.
`Acer Inc ....................................................................................................... 7
`2.
`Acer America Corp ..................................................................................... 7
`3.
`ASUSTeK Computer Inc ............................................................................ 8
`4.
`ASUS Computer International .................................................................... 8
`5.
`Dell Inc ........................................................................................................ 8
`6.
`Hewlett Packard Co .................................................................................... 9
`7.
`Lenovo Group Ltd ....................................................................................... 9
`8.
`Lenovo Holding Co., Inc ............................................................................ 9
`9.
`Lenovo (United States) Inc ....................................................................... 10
`10.
`Toshiba Corp ............................................................................................. 10
`11.
`Toshiba America, Inc .................. , ............................................................. 11
`12.
`Toshiba America Information Systems, Inc ............................................. 11
`13.
`Realtek Semiconductor Corp .................................................................... 12
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`D.
`
`THE ASSERTED PATENTS ........................................................................................... 12
`A.
`The '898 Patent ..................................................................................................... 13
`1.
`Foreign Counterparts to the '898 Patent.. ................................................. 13
`The '923 Patent ..................................................................................................... 14
`1.
`Foreign Counterparts to the '923 Patent.. ................................................. 15
`The' 607 Patent ..................................................................................................... 15
`1.
`Foreign Counterparts to the '607 Patent.. ................................................. 16
`The '345 Patent ..................................................................................................... 17
`1.
`Foreign Counterparts to the' 345 Patent ................................................... 17
`The '637 Patent ..................................................................................................... 18
`1.
`Foreign Counterparts to the '637 Patent.. ................................................. 19
`Licensees to the Asserted Patents ......................................................................... 19
`
`E.
`
`F.
`
`NON-TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PATENTED TECHNOLOGY .............. 19
`A.
`The '898 and '923 Patents - System and Method for Adaptive Interference
`Cancelling ............................................................................................................. 20
`The '607 Patent - Interference Canceling Method and Apparatus ....................... 21
`The '345 Patent - System, Method and Apparatus for Cancelling Noise ............ 21
`The '637 Patent - Sub-Band Exponential Smoothing Noise Canceling
`System ................................................................................................................... 22
`
`B.
`C.
`D.
`
`UNF AIR ACTS OF THE RESPONDENTS .................................................................... 22
`A.
`Infringement .......................................................................................................... 23
`1.
`The' 898 Patent ......................................................................................... 23
`a.
`Acer ............................................................................................... 23
`b.
`Asus ............................................................................................... 26
`
`-1-
`
`RTL345-1_1015-0003
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`

`
`Dell ................................................................................................ 28
`c.
`HP ................................................................................................. 31
`d.
`Lenovo .................................................... ~ ..................................... 34
`e.
`Toshiba .......................................................................................... 36
`f.
`Realtek .......................................................................................... 39
`g.
`The '923 Patent ......................................................................................... 42
`a.
`Acer ..... : ......................................................................................... 42
`Asus ............................................................................................... 45
`b.
`c.
`Dell ................................................................................................ 47
`d.
`HP ................................................................................................. 50
`e.
`Lenovo .......................................................................................... 52
`f.
`Toshiba .......................................................................................... 55
`Realtek .......................................................................................... 58
`g.
`The '607 Patent ................................................................................ ~ ........ 61
`a.
`Acer ............................................................................................... 61
`b.
`Asus ............................................................................................... 63
`c.
`Dell ................................................................................................ 66
`d.
`HP ................................................................................................. 69
`e.
`Lenovo ...............................................................................•.......... 72
`f.
`Toshiba .......................................................................................... 74
`g.
`Realtek .......................................................................................... 77
`The '345 Patent ......................................................................................... 80
`a.
`Acer ............................................................................................... 80
`b.
`Asus ............................................................................................... 83
`c.
`Dell ................................................................................................ 85
`d.
`HP .................................................................................................. 88
`e.
`Lenovo .......................................................................................... 91
`f.
`Toshiba .......................................................................................... 94
`g.
`Realtek .......................................................................................... 96
`The '637Patent ......................................................................................... 99
`a.
`Acer ............................................................................................... 99
`Asus ............................................................................................. 1.02
`b.
`c.
`Dell .............................................................................................. 104
`d.
`HP ............................................................................................... ·107
`e.
`Lenovo ........................................................................................ 110
`f.
`Toshiba ........................................................................................ 113
`g.
`Realtek ........................................................................................ 115
`Specific Instance of Sale and Importation .......................................................... 118
`1.
`Acer ......................................................................................................... 118
`2.
`Asus ......................................................................................................... 118
`3.
`Dell. ......................................................................................................... 119
`4.
`HP ........................................................................................................... 119
`5.
`Lenovo .................................................................................................... 120
`6.
`Toshiba .................................................................................................... 120
`Realtek .................................................................................................... 121
`7.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`B.
`
`VI.
`
`HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE INFORMATION .................... , ....................... 121
`
`-ii-
`
`RTL345-1_1015-0004
`
`

`
`VII. RELATED LITIGATION .............................................................................................. 122
`
`VIII. DOMESTIC INDUSTRY RELATING TO THE ASSERTED PATENTS ................... 124
`A.
`Andrea's Significant Investment in Plant and Equipment.. ................................ 124
`B.
`Andrea's Significant Employment of Labor and Capital ................................... 125
`C.
`Andrea's Substantial Investment in the Exploitation of the Asserted
`Patents ................................................................................................................. 125
`Andrea's Practice of the Asserted Patents .......................................................... 125
`
`D.
`
`. IX.
`
`RELIEF ..................... ; ..................................................................................................... 126
`
`-iii-
`
`RTL345-1_1015-0005
`
`

`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`1.
`
`Complainant Andrea Electronics Corporation ("Andrea") files this complaint
`
`pursuant to Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, 19 U.S.C. § 1337 ("Section
`
`337"). Andrea respectfully requests that the United States International Trade Commission (the
`
`"Commission") institute an investigation relating to the unlawful importation into the United
`
`States, the sale for importation into the United States, and/or the sale within the United States
`
`after importation, of certain audio processing hardware and software and products containing the
`
`same.
`
`2.
`
`The Respondents are Acer Inc., Acer America Corp., ASUSTeK Computer Inc.,
`
`ASUS Computer International, Dell Inc., Hewlett Packard Co., Lenovo Group Ltd., Lenovo
`
`Holding Co., Inc., Lenovo (United States) Inc., Toshiba Corp., Toshiba America, Inc., Toshiba
`
`America Information Systems, Inc., and Realtek Semiconductor Corp. (collectively,
`
`"Respondents").
`
`3.
`
`Respondents have violated and continue to violate Section 337 through the
`
`importation, sale for importation, and/or the sale within the United States after importation of
`
`certain audio processing hardware and software and products containing the same that directly
`
`infringe, literally or under the doctrine of equivalents, Andrea's United States Patent No.
`
`5,825,898 (the '''898 Patent"), United States Patent No. 6,483,923 (the "'923 Patent"), United
`
`States Patent No. 6,049,607 (the "'607 Patent"), United States Patent No. 6,363,345 (the "'345
`
`Patent"), and United States Patent No. 6,377,637 (the "'637 Patent") (collectively, "Asserted
`
`Patents") to the detriment of Andrea's industry that exists in the United States relating to the
`
`Asserted Patents.
`
`4.
`
`In addition to their direct infringement, Respondents have also violated and
`
`continue to violate Section 337 through the importation, sale for importation, and/or the sale.
`
`RTL345-1_1015-0006
`
`

`
`within the United States after importation, of certain audio processing hardware and software and
`
`products containing the same that indirectly infringe, literally or under the doctrine of
`
`equivalents, by induced or contributory infringement, Andrea's Asserted Patents to the detriment
`
`of Andrea's industry that exists in the United States relating to the Asserted Patents.
`
`Respondents have knowledge of the Asserted Patents and infringement allegations at least as of
`
`the filing of Andrea's earlier-filed complaints against each Respondent in the United States
`
`District Court for the Eastern District of New York (see infra, Section VII. "Related Litigation")
`
`and have continued to provide their audio processing hardware and software and products
`
`containing the same to the marketplace in a manner that indirectly infringes Andrea's Asserted
`
`Patents.
`
`5.
`
`Andrea asserts that each Respondent infringes the following claims:
`
`'898
`
`'923
`
`'607
`
`'345
`
`'637
`
`1-28
`
`1-16
`
`1-12 and 25-37
`
`1-25,38-40, and 42-47
`
`1-14
`
`6.
`
`To remedy Respondents' continuing and unlawful violation of Section 337,
`
`Andrea seeks as permanent relief a limited exclusion order, pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1337(d),
`
`barring from entry into the United States all Respondents' audio processing hardware and
`
`software and products containing the same that infringe one or more of the claims of the
`
`Asserted Patents. Andrea also seeks cease and desist orders pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1337(f)
`
`prohibiting each domestic Respondent from engaging in the importation into the United States
`
`and/or the sale within the United States after importation of audio processing hardware and
`
`-2-
`
`RTL345-1_1015-0007
`
`

`
`software and products containing the same that infringe one or more claims of the Asserted
`
`Patents. Further, Andrea requests that the Commission impose a bond upon Respondents'
`
`importation of infringing audio processing hardware and software and products containing the
`
`same during the 60-day Presidential review period, pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 13370), to prevent
`
`further injury to Andrea's domestic industry relating to the Asserted Patents.
`
`II.
`
`THE PARTIES
`
`A.
`
`7.
`
`Complainant
`
`Complainant Andrea is a publicly-held company with its corporate headquarters
`
`located in Bohemia, New York. Andrea engages in substantial research and development related
`
`to audio technology and has developed microphone hardware and software that provides
`
`solutions to current sound fidelity challenges.
`
`8.
`
`Andrea is a leading industry developer of product solutions which optimize the
`
`performance of voice user interfaces and has a decorated history. Its technology has been
`
`applied to products related to, among other things, VoIP telephony, VoIP teleconferencing, video
`
`conferencing, speech recognition, computer gaming, in-car computing, and 3D audio recording.
`
`9.
`
`The leadership of Andrea has spanned three familial generations over 80 years.
`
`Andrea's products are featured in the Henry Ford Museum and Smithsonian National Museum of
`
`American History.
`
`10.
`
`In the early 1900s, Frank Andrea, an Italian immigrant, started his business
`
`career. He began as an electroplater for LP. Frink manufacturing company and studied at night
`
`as a tool maker and machinist at the Mechanic's Institute in New York City. In 1913 he joined
`
`the Frederick Pierce Company and, after the outbreak of World War I, worked to design tools to
`
`manufacture parts for a new aircraft radio receiver that he had built. Mr. Andrea soon thereafter
`
`started his own company, FADA.
`
`-3-
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`RTL345-1_1015-0008
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`

`
`11.
`
`As founder ofFADA, Mr. Andrea employed his family members, including his
`
`16 year-old brother, John. F ADA picked up momentum when Mr. Andrea convinced Marconi,
`
`the predecessor of RCA, to place an order for radio parts. F ADA began manufacturing parts for
`
`crystal sets and "Do It Yourself' kits. F ADA also soon began manufacturing parts such as
`
`sockets and rheostats for tube type radios.
`
`12.
`
`After selling his controlling interest in FADA, Mr. Andrea founded the Andrea
`
`Radio Corporation ("Andrea Radio"). Andrea Radio's offerings evolved over time. In 1939,
`
`Andrea Radio developed and produced one of the first television sets, which was displayed at the
`
`World's Fair in Queens, New York. Andrea Radio sold TV kits and the first television console
`
`. models that also housed a radio and phonograph. In 1954, Andrea Radio began developing a
`
`color television and introduced a set in 1957.
`
`13.
`
`During the Second World War, the firm engaged in the production of military
`
`electronics. In 1942, Andrea Radio was presented with the prestigious high honors Navy E
`
`Award for manufacturing excellence and providing military audio communications equipment.
`
`In the early 1960s, Andrea Radio developed and produced several types of high reliability
`
`intercommunication systems for installation in various military and commercial aircraft. Indeed,
`
`Andrea Radio produced the audio intercom system for Project Mercury's first manned
`
`spacecraft.
`
`14. Mr. Andrea passed away in 1965, leaving his son, Frank Jr., to continue the
`
`Andrea business.
`
`15.
`
`In the 1970s and 1980s, Andrea Radio became a premier supplier of high
`
`performance avionic intercom equipment for defense industry manufacturers like Bell
`
`Helicopter, Boeing, Sikorsky, and Lockheed, prompting Andrea Radio to change its name to
`
`-4-
`
`RTL345-1_1015-0009
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`

`
`Andrea Electronics Corporation. Andrea produced microphone audio pre-amplifiers for Navy
`
`aviators' oxygen mask helmet systems. The experience gained from producing audio intercom
`
`systems for high noise environments paved the way for Andrea's emphasis on active noise
`
`cancellation.
`
`16.
`
`Product development continued in the 1990s with Andrea producing the first
`
`Active Noise Canceling C"ANC") boom microphone computer headset for deployment with
`
`computer speech recognition. Andrea shipped millions of headsets and microphone products to
`
`software OEMs. In 1998, Andrea developed and produced the first digital array microphone for
`
`commercial use, providing hands-free voice command and control functionality. In 1999,
`
`Andrea developed and produced the first USB headset as well as the first desktop digital array
`
`microphone.
`
`17.
`
`In the 2000s, Andrea broadened the application of its product offerings. In 2001,
`
`it developed and produced digital noise canceling array microphones for speech control systems
`
`in police cruisers. In 2002, Andrea revolutionized PC audio input-by introducing the first stereo
`
`array microphone interface for integrated audio codecs. By the late 2000s, Andrea had shipped
`
`over one million SuperBeam stereo array microphones, and millions ofDSDA stereo array
`
`microphone and EchoStop speakerphone products.
`
`18.
`
`Andrea has continued its innovation and offers microphone and earphone
`
`technologies designed to enhance sound quality. Andrea, now led by Frank Andrea's grandson,
`
`Douglas Andrea, successfully transformed itself from a manufacturer of industrial and military
`
`intercommunication systems into a creator of cutting-edge audio technologies. Andrea
`
`incorporates its new patented technologies to enable natural language interfaces and enhance the
`
`performance of voice-related applications. Today, Andrea offers a variety of products
`
`-5-
`
`RTL345-1_1015-0010
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`

`
`incorporating its technologies such as headsets and headphones, microphones, software
`
`algorithms, USB audio solutions and related accessories. Since its inception, Andrea has gone
`
`through a remarkable evolution as an audio technology leader, meeting the ever-changing needs
`
`of a demanding audio communications marketplace.
`
`19.
`
`As a result of the convergence between computers and communication devices, a
`
`new generation of connected mobile devices is becoming pervasive. Andrea has developed and
`
`continues developing new products incorporating its technologies to enhance the user experience
`
`of mainstream applications such as speech recognition, voice over internet protocol
`
`("VoIP")/video conferencing, distance learning, enterprise collaboration, game chat, and live
`
`digital audio recordings.
`
`20.
`
`In addition to its own significant engineering, research, and development into
`
`audio processing technologies, Andrea also worked extensively with Lamar Signal Processing
`
`("Lamar") in developing audio processing software in the mid-to-Iate 1990's. Andrea eventually
`
`acquired substantially all of the assets of Lamar in 1998.
`
`21.
`
`Andrea's and Lamar's efforts have resulted in seventeen (17) issued United States·
`
`patents currently owned by Andrea, including the Asserted Patents. Andrea's development
`
`efforts also include at least one (1) currently pending U.S. patent application directed to Andrea's
`
`audio processing technology.
`
`22.
`
`Andrea has made concerted efforts to deliver its patented technology and products
`
`to a number of customers and has made significant contributions towards developing its
`
`technology for use across a broad spectrum of industries. Andrea's continued success and
`
`investments in advancing its proprietary audio processing technology depends, in part, on its
`
`-6-
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`RTL345-1_1015-0011
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`

`
`ability to establish, maintain, and protect its proprietary technology through enforcement of its
`
`patent rights.
`
`B.
`
`Respondents
`
`23. With regard to the Respondents, Andrea alleges the following upon information
`
`and belief:
`
`1.
`
`Acer Inc.
`
`24.
`
`Acer Inc. is a foreign corporation organized and existing under the laws of
`
`Taiwan, with its principal place of business at 8F, 88, Sec. 1, Xintai 5th Rd. Xixhi, New Taipei'
`
`City 221, Taiwan. Acer Inc. is in the business of developing, making, offering for sale, selling,
`
`importing, and supporting products containing audio processing hardware and software
`
`including, without limitation, desktops, notebooks, laptops, all-in-ones, Chromebooks, and
`
`computer tablets, that are manufactured outside of the United States. Acer Inc.,is the parent
`
`corporation of Respondent Acer America Corp.
`
`2.
`
`Acer America Corp.
`
`25.
`
`Acer America Crop. is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the
`
`state of California, with its principal place of business located at 333 West San Carlos Street,
`
`Suite 1500, San Jose, California 95) 10. Acer America Corp. is a subsidiary of or otherwise
`
`controlled by Acer Inc. Acer America Corp. is in the business of developing, making, offering
`
`for sale, selling, importing, and supporting products containing audio processing hardware and
`
`software including, without limitation, desktops, notebooks, laptops, all-in-ones, Chromebooks,
`
`and computer tablets in the United States, that are manufactured outside of the United States.
`
`Acer America Corp. is responsible for all of Acer Inc.' s activities taking place in the United
`
`States, including the importation of goods into the United States from foreign countries. Acer
`
`Inc. and Acer America Corp. are referred to collectively as "Acer."
`
`-7-
`
`RTL345-1_1015-0012
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`

`
`3.
`
`ASUSTeK Computer Inc.
`
`26.
`
`ASUSTeK Computer, Inc. is a foreign corporation organized and existing under
`
`the laws of Taiwan, with its principal place of business at No. 15, Li-Te Rd., Beitou District,
`
`Taipei 112, Taiwan. ASUSTeK Computer, Inc. is in the business of developing, making,
`
`offering for sale, selling, importing, and supporting products-containing audio processing
`
`hardware and software including, without limitation, desktops, notebooks, laptops, all-in-ones,
`
`Chrome books, and computer tablets, that are manufactured outside of the United States.
`
`ASUSTeK Computer, Inc. is the parent corporation of Respondent ASUS Computer
`
`International.
`
`4.
`
`ASUS Computer International
`
`27.
`
`ASUS Computer International is a corporation organized and existing under the
`
`laws of the state of California, with its principal place of business located at 800 Corporate Way,
`
`Fremont, California 94539. Respondent ASUS Computer International is a subsidiary of or
`
`otherwise controlled by Respondent ASUSTeK Computer Inc. ASUS Computer International is
`
`in the business of developing, making, offering for sale, selling, importing, and supporting
`
`products containing audio processing hardware and software including, without limitation,
`
`desktops, notebooks, laptops, all-in-ones, Chromebooks, and computer tablets in the United
`
`States, that are manufactured outside of the United States. ASUS Computer International
`
`manages the North American operations, which includes operations within the United States, of
`
`Respondent ASUSTeK Computer Inc. ASUSTeK Computer Inc. and ASUS Computer
`
`International are referred to collectively as "ASUS."
`
`5.
`
`Dell Inc.
`
`28.
`
`Dell Inc. is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the state of
`
`Delaware, with its principal place of business located at One Dell Way, Round Rock, Texas
`
`-8-
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`RTL345-1_1015-0013
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`

`
`78682. Dell Inc. is in the business of developing, making, offering for sale, selling, importing,
`
`and supporting products containing audio processing hardware and software including, without
`
`limitation, desktops, notebooks, laptops, all-in-ones, Chromebooks, and computer tablets in the
`
`United States, that are manufactured outside of the United States. Dell Inc. is referred to as
`
`"Dell."
`
`6.
`
`Hewlett Packard Co.
`
`29.
`
`Hewlett Packard Co. is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the
`
`state of Delaware, with its principal place of business located at 3000 Hanover Street, Palo Alto,
`
`California 94304-1185. Hewlett Packard Co. is in the business of developing, making, offering
`
`for sale, selling, importing, and supporting products containing audio processing hardware and
`
`software including, without limitation, desktops, notebooks, laptops, all-in-ones, Chromebooks,
`
`and computer tablets in the United States, that are manufactured outside of the United States.
`
`Hewlett Packard Co. is referred to as "HP."
`
`7.
`
`Lenovo Group Ltd.
`
`30.
`
`Lenovo Group Ltd. is a foreign corporation organized and existing under the laws
`
`of China, with its principal place of business at Shangdi Information Industry Base, No 6 Chuang
`
`Ye Road, Haidan District, 100085 Beijing, China. Lenovo Group Ltd. is in the business of
`
`developing, making, offering for sale, selling, importing, and supporting products containing
`
`audio processing hardware and software including, without limitation, desktops, notebooks,
`
`laptops, all-in-ones, Chromebooks, and computer tablets, that are manufactured outside of the
`
`United States. Lenovo Group Ltd. is the parent corporation of Respondent Lenovo Holding Co.,
`
`Inc.
`
`8.
`
`Lenovo Holding Co., Inc.
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`-9-
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`RTL345-1_1015-0014
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`

`
`31.
`
`Lenovo Holding Co., Inc. is a corporation organized and existing under the laws
`
`of the state of Delaware, with its principal place of business at 1009 Think Place, Morrisville,
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`North Carolina 27650. Respondent Lenovo Holding Co., Inc. is a subsidiary of or otherwise
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`controlled by Respondent Lenovo Group Ltd. Lenovo Holding Co., Inc. is in the business of
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`developing, making, offering for sale, selling, importing, and supporting products containing
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`audio processing hardware and software including, without limitation, desktops, notebooks,
`
`laptops, all-in-ones, Chromebooks, and computer tablets in the United States, that are
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`manufactured outside of the United States. Lenovo Holding Co., Inc. is the parent corporation of
`
`Respondent Lenovo (United States) Inc.
`
`9.
`
`Lenovo (United States) Inc.
`
`32.
`
`Lenovo (United States) Inc. is a corporation organized and existing under the laws
`
`of the state of Delaware, with its principal place of business located at 1009 Think Place,
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`Morrisville, North Carolina 27650. Respondent Lenovo (United States) Inc. is a subsidiary of or
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`otherwise controlled by Respondent Lenovo Holding Co., Inc. Lenovo (United States) Inc. is in
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`the business of developing, making, offering for sale, selling, importing, and supporting products
`
`containing audio processing hardware and software including, without limitation, desktops,
`
`notebooks, laptops, all-in-ones, Chromebooks, and computer tablets in the United States, that are
`
`manufactured outside of the United States. Lenovo Group Ltd., Lenovo Holding Co., Inc., and
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`Lenovo (United States) Inc. are referred to collectively as "Lenovo."
`
`10.
`
`Toshiba Corp.
`
`33.
`
`Toshiba Corp. is a foreign corporation organized and existing under the laws of
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`Japan, with its principal place of business at 1-1-1 Shibaura, Toshiba Building, 105-0023
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`Minato-Ku, 105-0023 Tokyo, Japan. Toshiba Corp. is in the business of developing, making,
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`offering for sale, selling, importing, and supporting products containing audio processing
`
`-10-
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`RTL345-1_1015-0015
`
`

`
`hardware and software including, without limitation, desktops, notebooks, laptops, all-in-ones,
`
`Chromebooks, and computer tablets, that are manufactured outside of the United States. Toshiba
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`Corp. is the parent corporation of Respondents Toshiba America, Inc. and Toshiba America
`
`Information Systems, Inc.
`
`11.
`
`Toshiba America, Inc.
`
`34.
`
`Toshiba America, Inc. is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of
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`the state of Delaware with its principal place of business at 1251 Avenue of the Americas,Suite
`
`4110, New York, NY 10020. Respondent Toshiba America, Inc. is a subsidiary of or otherwise
`
`controlled by Respondent Toshiba Corp. Toshiba America, Inc. describes itself as the holding
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`company for one of the nation's leading group of high technology companies and oversees
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`several operating companies that together span a diversified range of modem electronics, some
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`conducting research and development, manufacturing, sales and service in its field of expertise.