`
`Are The Brains At ASML Hurting Investors With High And Ambitious R&D Costs? ASML Holding N.V. (NASDAQ:ASML) | Seeking Alpha
`
`Are The Brains At ASML Hurting Investors With High And
`Ambitious R&D Costs?
`
`Jul. 20, 2015 1:45 PM ET5 comments
`by: Robert Castellano
`
`Summary
`
`ASML owns the Semiconductor Lithography Market.
`
`ASML continues to stay ahead of the technology curve and competition.
`
`ASML’s research and development costs, as a percentage of revenue, are 810% higher than other first tier
`semiconductor equipment suppliers.
`
`ASML a Dominant Player
`
`Twenty years ago, ASML (NASDAQ:ASML) was in third place in the semiconductor lithography market with a 14.2% share
`behind Nikon (51.9%) and Canon (25.7%) based on total worldwide shipments of 1,067 units, according to The
`Information Network. Ten years later, in 2005, ASML took over second place with a 33.6% share on total shipments of only
`464 units. In 2014, according to The Information Network's report "Sub100 nm Lithography: Market Analysis and Strategic
`Issues," ASML led the market with a 71.6% share, well ahead of Nikon with a 21.0% share and Canon with a 7.4% share.
`
`These numbers don't tell the whole story. In 1995, the predominant lithography tool was an Iline stepper, which sells for
`about $5 million today. In 2005, the predominant tool was a 248nm DUV scanner, which sell today for $1012 million.
`When we look at market shares based on revenues, ASML held an 81.3% share, significantly ahead of Nikon with a 16.3%
`share and Canon with a 2.3% share. In other words, ASML sold significantly more highend DUV tools.
`
`In 2014, ASML improved to a 90% share based on revenues, again selling a mix of lithography tools geared toward the
`higher end. In 2014, the predominant tool was the 193nm immersion ((wet)) lithographic tool selling between $30 and $55
`million.
`
`The charts below show 2014 shares for 248nm DUV and 193nm DUV. ASML is the clear leader in 248nm and dominates
`193nm.
`
`DUV (Deep Ultra Violet)
`
`http://seekingalpha.com/article/3339435arethebrainsatasmlhurtinginvestorswithhighandambitiousranddcosts
`
`1/5
`
`Energetiq Ex. 2069, page 1 - IPR2015-01362
`
`
`
`2/10/2016
`
`Are The Brains At ASML Hurting Investors With High And Ambitious R&D Costs? ASML Holding N.V. (NASDAQ:ASML) | Seeking Alpha
`
`http://seekingalpha.com/article/3339435arethebrainsatasmlhurtinginvestorswithhighandambitiousranddcosts
`
`2/5
`
`Energetiq Ex. 2069, page 2 - IPR2015-01362
`
`
`
`Are The Brains At ASML Hurting Investors With High And Ambitious R&D Costs? ASML Holding N.V. (NASDAQ:ASML) | Seeking Alpha
`2/10/2016
`According to ASML's Q2 2015 Earnings Call Transcript, Wolfgang Nickl Chief Financial Officer noted:
`
`You see in our press release for instance, the tool, 1980 provides for a 30%
`improvement in overlay and holds a better throughput of 10% to 275. That significant
`value to the customer and as like we always do, we share that value and so you should
`assume that that tool has a higher ASP, a few million than the 1970.
`
`The 1980 he is referring to is the NXT:1980 immersion product which will begin shipping in 2015 (although CEO Peter
`Wennick refers to it as the NXE:1980 it may be a typo in the transcripts). A 10% increase in throughput means the previous
`193nm DUV version (NXT:1970) has a throughput of 250 wafers per hour.
`
`Nikon's NSRS630D ArF immersion scanner has a throughput of 250 wafers per hour. In 2014, Nikon sold 10 immersion
`scanners compared to 73 by ASML. Going back 2 years, Nikon sold 14 scanners while ASML sold 69.
`
`Technology moves forward and companies cannot stand still. Nikon introduced the NSRS630D in early 2014, so ASML is
`introducing its NXT:1980 in anticipation of Nikon's next immersion stepper. So, even while Nikon's NSRS630D generated
`sales in 2014, ASML continued to gain market share in the immersion scanner sector.
`
`ASML gave guidance of R&D spending of 275 million Euros in 2015. While much of this spend is toward EUV, clearly tens
`of millions of Euros were spent on R&D for its NXT:1980. Yet, the company, as noted above, plans to add a few million
`Euros above the price of the 1970.
`
`(SMO) of ≦ 2.0 nm and a MatchedMachine Overlay (MMO) of ≦ 3.5 nm. A 30% improvement means SMO: ≦ 1.4 nm,
`MMO: ≦ 1.5 nm for the NXT:1980. In comparison, Nikon's NSRS630D has a technical specification of SMO: ≦ 1.7 nm,
`MMO: ≦ 2.5 nm.
`
`The 30% improvement in overlay of the NXT:1980 is an important factor. ASML's NXT:1970 has a Single Machine Overlay
`
`Unfortunately, according to my arithmetic, increasing the throughput 10% means that 10% fewer tools could be sold. With
`73 scanners sold in 2014, that could equate to 7 scanners NOT sold. At a price of approximately $50 million, that means
`revenues of $350 million NOT made but instead "a few million" x 7 equals $20 million MADE.
`
`EUV (Extreme Ultra Violet)
`
`As shown in the chart below, ASML owns the EUV market, generating revenues on 5 tools sold in 2014.
`
`http://seekingalpha.com/article/3339435arethebrainsatasmlhurtinginvestorswithhighandambitiousranddcosts
`
`3/5
`
`Energetiq Ex. 2069, page 3 - IPR2015-01362
`
`
`
`2/10/2016
`
`Are The Brains At ASML Hurting Investors With High And Ambitious R&D Costs? ASML Holding N.V. (NASDAQ:ASML) | Seeking Alpha
`
`Nikon makes no EUV tool and instead touts its NSRS630D immersion lithography equipment as superior to EUV systems
`for the 14nm, 7nm and future process nodes.
`
`Back in 2012, Intel (NASDAQ:INTC), Samsung, and TSMC (NYSE:TSM) joined ASML's Investment Program with a 15%,
`3%, and 5% stake in ASML. These companies will be the driving forces for EUV. When they get into production is a moving
`target with no production dates and technology nodes set in stone. Bear in mind that in 2000, Intel announced it expected
`EUV to debut at the 65nm node in 2004 or sooner! In fact, I remember in 1977, when I was working for Bell Labs, we had
`discussions about what technology would replace optical and we are still using optical.
`
`Nikon's approach is to use immersion along with a multiple patterning techniques. Double and quadruple patterning are
`being used to compensate for limitations in optical lithography, creating smaller features than would be possible from
`single patterning. A combination of lithography/etch/deposition steps are used to achieve the desired dimensions.
`
`When EUV enters production, it will have a negative impact on etch and deposition equipment suppliers, primarily Applied
`Materials (NASDAQ:AMAT), Lam Research (NASDAQ:LRCX), ASM International (NASDAQ:ASMI), and Tokyo Electron.
`
`High R&D
`
`ASML's R&D expenses increased from 15.5% of revenues in 2012 to 22.1% in 2013 to 25.3% in 2014.
`
`R&D costs increased mainly due to the acceleration of certain R&D programs, primarily EUV and nextgeneration
`immersion. In 2013, R&D spending mainly increased due the additional investments in EUV source development as a
`result of the acquisition of Cymer and further investments in our other strategic programs (Immersion and holistic
`lithography).
`
`By way of comparison, Applied Material's, which like ASML dominates the PVD (physical vapor deposition) had 2014 R&D
`expenses were 15.7%, down from 17.6% in 2013 and up from 14.2% in 2012.
`
`http://seekingalpha.com/article/3339435arethebrainsatasmlhurtinginvestorswithhighandambitiousranddcosts
`
`4/5
`
`Energetiq Ex. 2069, page 4 - IPR2015-01362
`
`
`
`Are The Brains At ASML Hurting Investors With High And Ambitious R&D Costs? ASML Holding N.V. (NASDAQ:ASML) | Seeking Alpha
`2/10/2016
`Also, KLATencor, dominant in the process control sector, had R&D expenses of 18%, 17%, and 14% in 2014, 2013, and
`2012, respectively.
`
`Lam Research, another dominant semiconductor equipment supplier spend 15.6%, 19.0%, and 16.7% in 2014, 2013, and
`2012, respectively. The company did note that the increase in R&D spending during fiscal year 2013 compared to fiscal
`year 2012 reflects a full year of combined operations with Novellus. Increased R&D expense included $111 million in
`salary and benefits mainly due to higher headcount, $46 million in supplies, $26 million in depreciation and amortization
`due to new product development.
`
`My Analysis
`
`Clearly hightech companies need to devote large sums of money for research and development. But R&D affects the
`bottom line, which impacts shareholders and investors. ASML is spending 810% as a percentage of revenue more than
`other 1st tier semiconductor companies. To make matters worse, in my opinion, ASML owns the market, particularly 193
`immersion DUV and EUV, and has no strong competitors. DUV will eventually run out of steam as new technology nodes
`are reached, demanding additional and more expensive multiple patterning techniques to compensate. Remember that
`when we speak of lithography tool usage, these highend products will be used in only critical mask sets, demanding the
`highest resolution. Scanners for noncritical mask sets will continue to be sold.
`
`On the DUV side, I'm sure ASML sales people would have wind of a new scanner coming from Nikon. But without
`personally knowing when, the enhancements to ASML's NXT:1980 over the 1970 are significantly greater than the Nikon's
`NSRS630D in throughput and MatchedMachine Overlay for a machine that was only introduced a little more than 1 year
`ago, particularly when the older NXT:1970 is already outselling the newest NSRS630D.
`
`Also, raising the selling price of the 1980 over the 1970 by a "few million Euros" could result in missed earnings of 350
`million Euros per year. The costs of R&D to develop the NXT:1980, as well as continued R&D costs for EUV are directly
`impacting ASML's profitability.
`
`Yes I can understand ASML's efforts to optimize EUV, particularly since they already sold many units and customers are
`waiting and they won't pay until they are up and running. But ASML's overkill in technology can be extended backward as
`well as forward. The company didn't need to initiate and accelerate the EUV program when it did.
`
`Disclosure: I/we have no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours.
`
`I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from
`Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.
`
`http://seekingalpha.com/article/3339435arethebrainsatasmlhurtinginvestorswithhighandambitiousranddcosts
`
`5/5
`
`Energetiq Ex. 2069, page 5 - IPR2015-01362