` IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
` BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`NVIDIA CORPORATION, §
` §
` Petitioner, §
` § Case IPR2015-01320
`VS. § Patent No. 6,287,902
` §
`SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS § Case IPR2015-1327
`COMPANY, LTD., § Patent No. 6,287,902
` §
` Patent Owner. §
`
` ORAL DEPOSITION OF
` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D.
` FEBRUARY 25, 2016
` VOLUME 1 OF 2
`
` ORAL DEPOSITION OF JACK CHUNG-YEUNG
` LEE, PH.D., produced as a witness at the instance
` of the Patent Owner fand duly sworn, was taken in
` the above styled and numbered cause on Thursday,
` February 25, 2016, from 9:16 a.m. to 5:25 p.m.,
` before Tamara Chapman, CSR, RPR, CCR (LA) in and
` for the State of Texas, reported by computerized
` stenotype machine, at the offices of Regus,
` 901 Mopac Expressway South, Building 1,
` Suite 300, Austin, Texas.
`
` Job No. 103798
`
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`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 2005
`NVIDIA v. SAMSUNG
`Trial IPR2015-01320
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`Page 2
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` A P P E A R A N C E S
` REPRESENTING PETITIONER:
` Mr. Eugene Chiu
` LATHAM & WATKINS
` 140 Scott Drive
` Menlo Park, California 94025
` -
` Mr. Clement Naples
` LATHAM & WATKINS
` 885 Third Avenue
` New York, New York 10022
` -
` Mr. Bob Steinberg
` LATHAM & WATKINS
` 355 South Grand Avenue
` Los Angeles, California 90071
`
` REPRESENTING PATENT OWNER:
` Mr. Naveen Modi
` Mr. Chetan Bansal
` PAUL HASTINGS
` 875 15th Street, N.W.
` Washington, D.C. 20005
`
` -
` Ms. Bo Moon
` O'MELVENY & MYERS
` 610 Newport Center Drive
` Newport Beach, California 92660
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` * * *
` EXAMINATION INDEX
`
` Page
` BY MR. MODI.................................. 4
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`Page 3
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` * * *
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` INDEX OF EXHIBITS
`
` Page
` Exhibit 2003................................. 105
` MOSIS Scalable CMOS Design Rules
` (Revision 7)
` (No Bates - 28 pages)
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` (All parties present have hereby
` waived the necessity of the reading of the
` statements by the deposition officer as required
` by Rule 30(b)(5).)
` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D.,
` having been first duly sworn, testified as
` follows:
` EXAMINATION
` BY MR. MODI:
` Q. Good morning, Dr. Lee.
` A. Good morning.
` Q. Can you please state your full name for
` the record?
` A. Yes. Jack Chung Yeung Lee, C-H-U-N-G,
` Y-E-U-N-G, Lee, yes.
` Q. Have you been deposed before?
` A. Yes.
` Q. How many times?
` A. I don't remember off the top of my head.
` Half a dozen times to ten times. I don't remember
` exactly.
` Q. What about -- have you testified in court?
` A. Yes.
` Q. How many times?
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` A. One time in ITC and one time in
` arbitration.
` Q. And the testimony in a deposition, at the
` ITC and the arbitration, are these all patent cases?
` A. Yes.
` Q. So you understand you're under oath today?
` A. Yes.
` Q. You understand we'll take breaks?
` A. Yes.
` Q. And your lawyer may object, but you have
` to answer anyways unless you're instructed not to
` answer. Do you understand that?
` A. Yes.
` Q. If the question is not clear, let me know
` and I'll rephrase it. If not, I'm going to assume
` you understand it.
` A. Okay.
` Q. Is that clear?
` A. Yes.
` Q. Any reason you cannot testify completely
` and accurately today?
` A. No.
` Q. Do you have any questions for me?
` A. Not at this point.
`
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` Q. Okay. Who retained you for this
` proceeding?
` And just for the record, we'll be dealing
` with IPR 2015-1327 today. So who retained you for
` this?
` A. NVIDIA.
` Q. And when were you retained?
` A. I'll say early last year, 2015.
` Q. And you submitted a declaration in this
` proceeding?
` A. Yes.
` Q. How much time did you spend preparing your
` declaration?
` A. I don't recall. I really have to look
` back on my record, you know. I spent quite a bit of
` time preparing it.
` You mean both declarations or this
` particular one?
` Q. We can say both.
` A. Okay.
` Q. That's fine.
` A. I will say that including reading all the
` documents and prior art and drafting the declaration,
` discussion with the attorneys working in this case, I
`
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` would say at least approximately 40, 50 hours per
` declaration, I would say. That's a rough estimate.
` Q. How much money have you charged for your
` services in connection with these proceedings?
` A. For the IPR, these two patents or these
` two declarations? So -- so about 90 hours, let's
` say, times $475 an hour.
` Q. Other than NVIDIA, are you consulting with
` any other companies regarding patents that are at
` issue?
` A. These patent -- these --
` Q. I'm sorry. Let me rephrase it. Other
` than NVIDIA, are you currently consulting for any
` other companies in patent matters?
` A. Any patents? Not these particular ones?
` Q. (Nods.)
` A. There is one case -- a few cases, I would
` say. And some -- yeah, maybe a couple, two, three
` cases or so.
` Q. Have you submitted declarations in
` proceedings before the Patent Office before?
` A. You mean similar IPR declarations?
` Q. Yes.
` A. Yes.
`
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` Q. And when was that?
` A. Last year.
` Q. And what were the cases?
` A. Those are related to this case of NVIDIA
` versus Samsung.
` Q. So those are different than the --
` these -- the two proceedings we are here for today
` and tomorrow?
` A. That's right.
` Q. Okay. And -- and were the -- did the --
` what patents were at issue? Were they NVIDIA patents
` or Samsung patents in those cases?
` A. These are Samsung's patent, yes.
` Q. Other than the cases you just mentioned,
` have you provided declarations in any other cases
` before the Patent Office?
` A. No, I have not.
` Q. How many times have you been deposed in
` connection with proceedings before the Patent Office?
` A. Before the Patent Office, I don't
` understand that.
` Q. So you're being deposed today, right, for
` proceedings in front of the Patent Office, that are
` before the Patent Office?
`
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` A. Oh, I see. Okay. So related to IPR?
` Q. That's right.
` A. Once.
` Q. So once before?
` A. Once before, yes.
` Q. And that was the Samsung-NVIDIA IPR you
` were talking about?
` A. That's right.
` Q. Did you spend any time preparing for
` today's deposition?
` A. Yes.
` Q. When did you begin to prepare?
` A. Probably a couple weeks ago I started
` reviewing the documents and the prior art.
` Q. Approximately how much time do you think
` you spent preparing for your deposition today?
` A. Probably 20 hours or so. Maybe more. I
` don't know. I haven't looked at the records.
` Q. Did you prepare with anyone for this
` deposition?
` A. What do you mean by that?
` Q. Did you meet with the attorneys to prepare
` for this deposition?
` A. Yes.
`
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` Q. Who did you meet with?
` A. With -- with Eugene, Bob, and Clem here.
` Q. Anyone else?
` A. No, I don't think so.
` Q. And how long did you meet with the
` attorneys?
` A. We met the last couple days, Tuesday and
` Wednesday of this week.
` Q. Did you meet with them before Tuesday and
` Wednesday?
` A. Regarding what?
` Q. Preparing for the deposition.
` A. No, I -- I have not.
` Q. Did you review any documents to prepare
` for your deposition?
` A. Yes.
` Q. What did you review?
` A. All the declarations, the two declarations
` that I wrote, all the prior art, and the preliminary
` response, and -- and the PTAB decisions. I think
` that's -- there might be some -- some more documents
` that I prepared, but those are the main ones.
` Q. What else comes to mind?
` A. And the, I believe, two IPR petitions that
`
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` came to my mind at this point. And there is some --
` some other ones, but I can’t recall exactly.
` Q. When you say "some other ones," what are
` you referring to, petitions?
` A. No, the -- the two IPR petitions I already
` mentioned. Nothing specific came to my mind at this
` point, but I think there might be something that
` I'm -- that I reviewed, but that didn't come to my
` mind at this point.
` Q. Can you recall anything -- let me withdraw
` that.
` Did you review anything other than the
` things you mentioned and what was submitted with your
` declaration?
` A. Like I said, I think I have, but I don't
` recall exactly what.
` Q. Did you bring anything to help you testify
` today?
` A. My -- my laptop has a lot of -- all the
` documents in there, so during a break I might look
` through it. I don't know.
` Q. And when you said your laptop has a lot of
` documents, what documents are you referring to?
` A. The ones that I mentioned.
`
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` Q. Dr. Lee, you mentioned you looked at the
` two IPR petitions earlier.
` A. Yes.
` Q. When was the first time you saw those
` petitions?
` A. I don't recall.
` Q. Was it before today?
` A. Oh, yeah.
` Q. Did you see them in connection with
` preparation of your declaration?
` A. You mean during the last couple days?
` Q. When you were engaged -- let's say when --
` or let me withdraw that.
` Did you see the petition when you were
` preparing your declaration for this case?
` A. I saw them, but I already focused on my
` declarations.
` Q. And why were you looking at them when you
` were working on your declarations?
` A. Well, those are one of the documents that
` was in folder that was given to me.
` Q. The petitions?
` A. Yes.
` Q. And what were you -- why were you engaged
`
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` for this proceeding?
` A. I don't understand the question.
` Q. What were you asked to do for this
` proceeding?
` A. You mean today proceedings?
` Q. For these IPRs.
` A. For the IPRs. Well, I was asked to
` provide technical assistance and my expert opinion on
` the related matters to the IPR.
` Q. And you looked at some -- I think you
` mentioned prior art references in connection with
` your declaration. Right?
` A. Yes.
` Q. And those are discussed in your
` declarations?
` A. Yes.
` Q. How did you select the references you
` ended up using in your declaration?
` A. Well, as you know, there is an ongoing
` case in the Eastern District of Virginia. So during
` that case we look -- also looked at prior arts, and
` these set of prior arts that is included in the -- in
` these two declaration we felt that -- I felt that
` it's -- those are very strong prior arts, and so,
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` therefore, we used them in the IPR.
` Q. How did you locate the prior art?
` A. I don't understand the question.
` Q. How did you -- how did you find this prior
` art that you used?
` A. Well, I worked with the attorneys in this
` case and we search the -- you know, on the web and --
` and also, you know, we searched for prior arts and we
` found these.
` Q. And how -- what did you do to search for
` the prior art?
` A. I myself obviously using, for example,
` patent -- Google Patents search on Google, and the
` attorney also searched in parallel and -- and we
` found these set of prior arts.
` Q. Which one did you find?
` A. I don't recall. I mean, we exchanged so
` many of them. We e-mail each other things that we
` found. So I don't recall exactly which ones I found
` and which ones they found.
` Q. And so the prior art that you searched
` for, you only did searching online?
` A. I mean, we exchanged so many documents, so
` many references. Some I basically look at my
`
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` collection of books and journal papers on my
` bookshelves, and sometimes I make copies of that and
` scan it, and so I -- I don't -- I mean, there are
` more ways to find prior arts than just search on the
` web.
` Q. Did you continue to look for prior art
` after your declaration was submitted in this case?
` A. I don't recall.
` Q. So would you say you're familiar with
` patents?
` A. These particular patents?
` Q. Patents in general.
` A. I don't understand the question. What do
` you mean, "familiar with patents"?
` Q. Would you say you're well-versed in
` patents generally?
` A. I mean, I work with patent cases, so I
` would think that I have some understanding and good
` understanding of what patents are, and I followed a
` number of patents and issued a number of patents.
` Q. Would you say you have a good
` understanding of patent law?
` A. Probably not as much as you do. But some
` understanding.
`
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` Q. Are you offering any legal opinions here?
` A. Well, based on my analysis, I found that
` those patents -- I mean, that particular -- the '902
` patent invalid, and -- and obviously that's a legal
` opinion.
` Q. Earlier you said you had searched for
` prior art for the patent here that's at issue. Is
` that right?
` A. Yes, I've done some searching.
` Q. What words did you use to search?
` A. What what?
` Q. What were some of the words you used to
` search for the patent in question?
` A. Well, there's so many -- so many words
` that I used. The '902 patent talk about etching,
` talk about contact, semiconductors, and so there's so
` many that one can use. I don't -- I don't have the
` complete list for you.
` Q. What comes to mind sitting here today?
` A. Well, like I said, there's semiconductor,
` contact etch, borderless contact, insulator, etch
` selectivity, planarizations, and so on and so forth.
` There's DRAM. D-R-A-M, yes.
` Q. Do you understand what anticipation is?
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` A. As I detail in my declaration, I have a
` section talk about what is anticipation and that the
` prior art basically anticipate the claims and the
` elements in the -- in the patent.
` Q. What do you mean, "prior art anticipate
` the claims"?
` MR. CHIU: Doctor, do you want to
` have your declaration?
` THE WITNESS: Yeah.
` A. May I have my declaration?
` MR. MODI: Counsel, no speaking
` objections.
` A. I'm obviously not an attorney, so I want
` to make sure that I use the right terms in these --
` in these answer when related to legal matters. Is
` that okay?
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) That's fine.
` Dr. Lee, your attorney just handed you
` something. Can I see what that is, sir?
` A. (Hands document to Mr. Modi.)
` Q. Dr. Lee, can you identify for me what was
` just handed to you by your attorney?
` A. This is Exhibit 1116.
` Q. And what is it?
`
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` A. It's Declaration of Dr. Jack Lee in
` Support of Petitions No. 2 for Inter Partes Review of
` U.S. Patent No. 6,287,902.
` Q. Do you agree this is one of the two
` declarations that we've been discussing today?
` A. Are we discussing both declaration today
` or --
` Q. Well, we've been mentioning both
` declarations. We're going to focus on 1327 today,
` but I think some of the preliminary questioning went
` to both.
` A. Yes, this is one of the two declarations
` that we mentioned today.
` Q. I'm going to note for the record the
` witness has been looking at the LiveNote feed when
` answering the questions.
` So I was asking you earlier --
` A. Am I not allowed?
` MR. NAPLES: You can look at that.
` THE WITNESS: Oh, okay.
` A. Am I not allowed to look at the live feed?
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) Dr. Lee, I'm asking the
` questions.
` A. No, I --
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` Q. So if you could answer my questions, I
` would appreciate it.
` MR. CHIU: You can look at the
` live feed.
` THE WITNESS: Okay. Thank you.
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) So, Dr. Lee, I asked you
` about anticipation earlier?
` A. Yes.
` Q. Would you tell me what is your
` understanding of anticipation, sir?
` A. "I understand that anticipation of a claim
` requires that every limitation" -- "every element of
` a claim is disclosed expressly or inherently in a
` single prior art reference, arranged as in the
` claim."
` Q. Where are you reading from, Dr. Lee?
` A. This is on Page 4 of the declaration.
` Q. What does it mean to disclose inherently?
` A. It means that it might not be expressly
` disclosed but is inherent, that a person of ordinary
` skill in the art understand that in this prior art
` reference, that the claim element and each and every
` claim element is expressly or inherently disclosed,
` and so certain claims might not be expressly
`
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` disclosed, but it is inherent.
` Q. So what does "inherent" mean?
` MR. CHIU: Objection; calls for a
` legal conclusion.
` MR. MODI: Counsel, no speaking
` objections, please.
` A. "Inherent" means that it is implicitly
` disclosed in this -- in the prior art. The claim
` element is implicitly disclosed, is there.
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) What do you mean,
` "implicitly"?
` A. That means if it -- by not explicitly or
` expressly, but it is disclosed.
` Q. But then what's the difference?
` A. The difference that is one is expressly,
` one is not expressly.
` Q. Can you give me an example?
` MR. CHIU: Objection; legal
` conclusion and beyond the scope.
` A. (Reviewing document.)
` Are you asking an example in this
` declaration or just a general example? I wasn't --
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) Well, you just spent the
` last few minutes looking at your declaration. Did
`
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` you find any example in your declaration, sir?
` A. I just -- I -- I don't think so. I
` haven't seen any, so -- there might be, but, you
` know, I haven't looked at it too carefully. But let
` me give you perhaps a -- a general example. Is that
` what you like, what is inherent, inherently
` expressed?
` Q. Sure.
` A. So --
` MR. CHIU: Again, this is beyond
` the scope of this deposition.
` A. For example, if the claim, let's say --
` say that the substrate is silicon and the prior art
` says the substrate is semiconductor, and when it's
` thermally grown in oxygen and silicon dioxide is
` formed, even though it does not specifically
` expressly say that the semiconductor substrate is
` silicon, when it's thermally grown in oxygen to form
` SiO2, silicon dioxide, I believe that's an example
` that the claim limitation or claim element of the
` substrate being silicon is inherently expressed.
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) And what is the inherent
` disclosure there?
` MR. CHIU: Objection; legal
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` conclusion, beyond the scope.
` A. That the substrate is silicon. That is
` expressly -- inherently disclosed in this example.
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) So in your example, what
` was in the claim, sir?
` MR. CHIU: Objection; legal
` conclusion, beyond the scope of what's in
` Dr. Lee's declaration.
` A. Well, I think, if you read it back, it
` says if the claim says the substrate is silicon.
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) So the claim would say the
` substrate is silicon?
` MR. CHIU: Same objection.
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) Is that right?
` MR. CHIU: Same objection.
` A. That's -- that's the example that I have,
` yes.
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) Okay. And what did you say
` was in the prior art?
` MR. CHIU: Objection; outside the
` scope of Dr. Lee's deposition.
` A. The prior art says the substrate is
` semiconductor, and when it's thermally exposed in
` oxygen, silicon dioxide is formed.
`
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) And that, in your view, is
` an inherent disclosure of the substrate being
` silicon?
` MR. CHIU: Calls for a legal
` conclusion, outside the scope of Dr. Lee's
` declaration.
` A. That's my understanding, that even though
` it does not expressly discloses that the substrate is
` silicon, but it's inherently disclosed.
` MR. STEINBERG: Counsel, at
` 8 o'clock [sic] I want to take a break. I'm
` going to switch out for a call, and I don't want
` to disrupt you. I need to talk to these two
` guys.
` THE WITNESS: May I?
` MR. MODI: Can we finish this line
` of questioning?
` MR. STEINBERG: Sure.
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) So can you not deposit
` silicon on top of nonsilicon, and thermally grow
` silicon oxide from the deposited silicon?
` MR. CHIU: Objection; calls for a
` legal conclusion, outside the scope of Dr. Lee's
` deposition.
`
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` A. Can you repeat? Because this doesn't make
` sense.
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) Can you not deposit silicon
` on top of nonsilicon and thermally grow silicon oxide
` from the deposited silicon?
` MR. CHIU: Objection; vague,
` outside the scope of Dr. Lee's declaration.
` (Discussion off the record.)
` A. In this example of the prior art, the
` semiconductor wafer does not have a layer of silicon
` deposit on top.
` MR. MODI: Why don't we take a
` break.
` THE WITNESS: Thank you.
` (Break.)
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) Dr. Lee?
` A. Yes.
` Q. During the break did you talk to your
` attorneys?
` A. Yes. But when I walked in that office
` there, they told me that we cannot talk anything --
` anything substance, so I left the room. I said,
` "Well, let me leave the room."
` And they just said, "You're doing fine.
`
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` Fine. Relax." That's it. Nothing else.
` Q. What is your understanding of obviousness?
` MR. CHIU: Calls for a legal
` conclusion.
` A. Well, as I stated in Paragraph 15, that
` "Obviousness of a claim requires that the claim be
` obvious from the perspective of a person of ordinary
` skill in the art, in the relevant art, at the time
` the invention was made."
` So in analyzing obviousness, my
` understanding is that it is important to understand
` the scope of the claim and the level of the skills in
` the relevant art, and the scope and the content of
` the prior art, and the differences between the prior
` art and the claims, and any secondary considerations.
` So "understand that if a technique can be
` used to improve one device and a person of ordinary
` skill in the art would recognize that, that it would
` improve similar devices in the same way, using the
` technique is obvious unless the actual application is
` beyond his or her skill."
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) Dr. Lee, let me just stop
` you --
` A. Yes.
`
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` Q. -- for a minute. I obviously have read
` your declaration, sir.
` A. Right.
` Q. I want to know what is your understanding
` of obviousness.
` A. That is my --
` MR. CHIU: Calls for a legal
` conclusion.
` A. That is my understanding.
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) What is stated in
` Paragraph 15 of your declaration?
` A. That's right.
` Q. Okay. You mentioned secondary
` considerations. What is your understanding of
` secondary considerations, sir?
` MR. CHIU: Calls for a legal
` conclusion. Outside the scope of Dr. Lee's
` declaration.
` A. (Reviewing document.)
` I was told secondary consideration, what
` they are, and -- but since I'm not a lawyer and --
` and I just don't recall right at this moment. And --
` yeah, it's -- it's -- my mind is kind of -- have not
` focused on this particular issues of secondary
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` consideration, but hold on one second.
` (Reviewing document.)
` No, I just don't recall the definitions of
` "secondary considerations" at this moment. I'm
` really a technical person.
` Q. But your declaration uses the word
` "secondary considerations." Right?
` A. Right.
` Q. And you told me earlier that those should
` be considered in an obviousness analysis. Right?
` A. Right.
` Q. But you're not able to tell me what
` secondary considerations are?
` A. I can tell you the legal definition of
` what is secondary considerations.
` Q. I'm just asking for your understanding
` as -- what understanding of secondary considerations
` did you apply in forming your opinions?
` MR. CHIU: Calls for a legal
` conclusion. Outside the scope of Dr. Lee's
` declaration.
` A. I'm not -- I don't think I've used
` "secondary considerations." I'm not sure. I don't
` think I have used "secondary considerations" in this
`
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` declaration.
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) So you have not considered
` any secondary considerations in your obviousness
` analysis? Would it be fair to say that, that you
` have not considered any secondary considerations in
` your obviousness analysis? Fair?
` MR. CHIU: Outside the scope of
` Dr. Lee's declaration.
` A. (Reviewing document.)
` In this declaration I don't think I've
` used secondary considerations. I think that -- that
` was not considered at this point, if I recall
` correctly.
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) What is the difference in
` anticipation and obviousness?
` MR. CHIU: Objection; calls for
` legal conclusion, outside the scope of Dr. Lee's
` declaration.
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) Actually, let me withdraw
` that, Dr. Lee.
` What is your understanding of the
` difference between anticipation and obviousness as
` you have applied it to your declaration?
` MR. CHIU: Objection; calls for a
`
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` JACK CHUNG-YEUNG LEE, Ph.D. - 2/25/16
` legal conclusion, outside the scope of Dr. Lee's
` declaration.
` A. Well, anticipation is that -- when every
` element of the claim is disclosed expressly or
` inherently in the prior art, in a single prior art
` reference; and when it is not expressly or inherently
` disclosed, that the claim can still be invalid by
` obviousness.
` Q. (BY MR. MODI) Are you finished?
` A. Yes. So when -- when it is not expressly
` or inherently disclosed -- when the element is not
` disclosed expressly or inherently, it can still be
` disclosed by obviousness.
` Q. Can I have you turn to Page 38 of
` Exhibit 1116, which