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`
`PROCEEDINGS
`
`BUNGIE - EXHIBIT 1018 - PART 1 OF 4
`
`BUNGIE - EXHIBIT 1018 - PART 1 OF 4
`
`

`
`
`
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`
`SIGGRAPH Executive Committee
`
`Chair
`Mary C. Whitton
`Sun Microsystems, Inc.
`2000 Aerial Center Parkway
`Morrisville, NC 27560
`(919) 469-8300
`Vice—Chair
`Sylvie J. Rueff
`229 Glenview Drive
`Lawrence, KS 66049
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`Adele Newton
`Newton Associates
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`The New Studio
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`Treasurer
`Steven M. Van Frank
`Lynxys, Inc.
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`Past Chair
`Judith R. Brown
`The University of Iowa
`Weeg Computing Center
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`Directorfor Education
`G. Scott Owen
`Dept. of Mathematics & Computer Science
`Georgia State University
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`Computer Science Department
`California State University Stanislaus
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`SIGGRAPH 93
`Anaheim, California
`August 1-6, 1993
`Co-chairs
`9 Robert L. Judd
`Los Alamos National Laboratory
`C6 Client Services and Marketing
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`Luna Imaging, Inc.
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`SIGGRAPH 94
`Orlando, Florida
`July 24-29, 1994
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`Conference Chair
`Dino Schweitzer
`Department of Computer Science
`U.S. Air Force Academy
`Colorado Springs, CO 80840
`(719) 472-3590
`SIGGRAPH 95
`Los Angeles, California
`August 6-11, 1995
`Co-chairs
`Brian Herzog
`SunSoft, Inc.
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`Mountain View, CA 94043
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`Peter Meechan
`
`Wavefront Technologies Inc.
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`ACM Transactions on Graphics
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`College of Computing
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`ISSN No. 1069-529X
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`
`
`

`
`Annual Conference Series
`
`1993
`
`SIGGRAPH 93
`Conference Proceedings
`August 1-6, 1993
`Papers Chair James T. Kajiya
`Panels Chair Donna Cox
`
`A publication of ACM SIGGFIAPH
`Production Editor Steve Cunningham
`
`Sponsored by the Association for
`Computing Machineryis Speciai
`interest Group on Computer Graphics
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`PROCEEDINGS
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`SIGGRAPH 93, Anaheim, California: 1-6 August 1993
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`3
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`
`
`

`
`COMPUTER GRAPHICS Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1993
`
`Contents
`
`Preface ............................................................................................................................................ .. 9
`
`Papers Sessions, Tuesday, 3 August 1993
`
`8:30-10:00
`
`SIGGRAPH 93 Keynote Address
`1993 ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics Achievement Award ............................................ .. 11
`1993 Coons Award .................................................................. .L ................................................... .. 13
`
`1:30-3:15
`
`Surfaces
`
`Chair: David F. Rogers
`
`2D Shape Blending: An Intrinsic Solution to the Vertex Path Problem ..................................... .. 15
`Thomas W. Sederberg, Peisheng Gao, Guojin Wang, Hong Mu
`
`Mesh Optimization ....................................................................................................................... .. 19
`Hugues Hoppe, Tony DeRose, Tom Duchamp, John McDonald, Werner Stuetzle
`
`Interactive Texture Mapping ........................................................................................................ .. 27
`Jerome Maillot, Hussein Yahia, Anne Verroust
`
`Efficient, Fair Interpolation using Catmull—Clark Surfaces .......................................................... .. 35
`Mark Halstead, Michael Kass, Tony DeRose
`
`3:30-5:00
`
`Hardware
`Chair: Ed Catmull
`
`Implementing Rotation Matrix Constraints in Analog VLSI ....................................................... .. 45
`David B. Kirk, Alan H. Barr
`
`Correcting for Short-Range Spatial Non-Linearities of CRT-based Output Devices .................. .. 53
`R. Victor Klassen, Krishna Bharat
`
`Autocalibration for Virtual Environments Tracking Hardware ................................................... .. 65
`Stefan Gottschalk, John F. Hughes
`‘
`
`
`
`
`
`«W F’F”:’
`
`
`
`

`
`SIGGRAPH 93, Anaheim, California‘, 1-6 August 1993
`
`Papers Sessions, Wednesday, 4 August 1993
`
`8:30-10:00
`
`Interaction
`
`Chair: Jock Mackinlay
`
`Pad: An Alternative Approach to the Computer Interface ........................................................... .. 57
`Ken Perlin, David Fox
`
`Toolglass and Magic Lenses: The See—Through Interface .......................................................... .. 73
`Eric A. Bier, Maureen C. Stone, Ken Pier, William Buxton, Tony DeRose
`
`An Interactive 3D Toolkit for Constructing 3D Widgets .......................................................
`Robert C. Zeleznik, Kenneth P. Herndon, Daniel C. Robbins, Nate Huang,
`Tom Meyer, Noah Parker, John F. Hughes
`
`.... .. 81
`
`1:30-3:15
`
`Rendering Architectures
`Chair: Forest Baskett
`
`
`
`EXACT: Algorithm and Hardware Architecture for an Improved A-Buffer ............................... .. 85
`Andreas Schilling, Wolfgang Strajier
`
`Graphics Rendering Architecture for a High Performance Desktop Workstation ....................... .. 93
`Chandlee B. Harrell, Farhad Fouladi
`
`Leo: A System for Cost Effective 3D Shaded Graphics ........................................................... .. 101
`Michael F. Deering, Scott R. Nelson
`
`Rea1ityEngine Graphics .............................................................................................................. .. 109
`Kurt Akeley
`
`3:30-5:00
`
`Virtual Reality
`Chair: Andries van Dam
`
`VIEW -- An Exploratory Molecular Visualization System with User-Definable
`Interaction Sequences ................................................................................................................. .. 117
`Lawrence D. Bergman, Jane S. Richardson, David C. Richardson, Frederick P. Brooks Jr.
`
`The Nanomanipulator: A Vi1tual—Rea1ity Interface for a Scarming Tunnelling Microscope .... .. 127
`Russell M. Taylor II, Warren Robinett, Vernon L. Chi, Frederick P. Brooks Jr.,
`William V. Wrig\ht, R. Stanley Williams, Eric J. Snyder
`Surround—Screen\Projection—Based Virtual Reality: The Design and Implementation
`of the CAVE ............................................................................................................................... .. 135
`Carolina Cruz-Neira, Daniel J. Sandin, Thomas A. DeFanti
`
`

`
`COMPUTER GRAPHICS Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1993
`
`Papers Sessions, Thursday, 5 August 1993
`
`8:30-10:00
`
`Global Illumination
`Chair: Francois Sillion
`
`Painting with Light ..................................................................................................................... .. 143
`Chris Schoeneman, Julie Dorsey, Brian Smits, James Arvo, Donald Greenberg
`
`Radioptimization —- Goal-based Rendering ............................................................................... .. 147
`John K. Kawai, James S. Painter, Michael F. Cohen
`
`A Hierarchical Illumination Algorithm for Surfaces with Glossy Reflection ............................ .. 155
`Larry Aupperle, Pat Hanrahan
`On the Form Factor between Two Polygons .............................................................................. .. 163
`Peter Schroder, Pat Hanrahan
`
`10:15-12:00
`
`Light and Color
`Chair: Ken Torrance
`
`A
`
`‘
`
`Reflection from Layered Surfaces due to Subsurface Scattering ............................................... .. 165
`Pat Hanrahan, Wolfgang Krueger
`
`Display of the Earth Taking into Account Atmospheric Scattering ........................................... .. 175
`Tomoyuki Nishita, Takao Sirai, Katsumi Tadamura, Eihachiro Nakamae
`
`Smooth Transitions between Bump Rendering Algorithms ....................................................... .. 183
`Barry G. Becker, Nelson L. Max
`
`Linear Color Representations for Full Spectral Rendering ........................................................ .. 191
`Mark S. Peercy
`
`1:30-3:15
`
`Numerical Methods for Radiosity
`Chair: Paul Heckbert
`
`Combining Hierarchical Radiosity and Discontinuity Meshing ................................................ .. 199
`Dani Lischinski, Filippo Tampieri, Donald P. Greenberg
`
`Radiosity Algorithms Using Higher Order Finite Elements ...................................................... .. 209
`Roy Troutman, Nelson L. Max
`
`Galerkin Radiosity: A Higher Order Solution Method for Global Illumination ....................... .. 213
`Harold R. Zatz
`
`Wavelet Radiosity ...................................................................................................................... .. 221
`Steven J. Gortler, Peter Schroder, Michael F. Cohen, Pat Hanrahan
`
`3:30-5:00
`
`Visibility
`Chair: Frank Crow
`
`Hierarchical Z-Buffer Visibility ................................................................................................. .. 231
`Ned Greene, Michael Kass, Gavin Miller
`
`Global Visibility Algorithms for Illumination Computations .................................................... .. 239
`Seth Teller, Pat Hanrahan
`
`Adaptive Display Algorithm for Interactive Frame Rates During Visualization of
`Complex Virtual Environments .................................................................................................. .. 247
`Thomas A. Funkhouser, Carlo H. Sequin
`
`
`
`

`
`SIGGRAPH 93, Anaheim, California‘, 1-6 August 1993
`
`Paper Sessions, Friday, 6 August 1993
`
`8:30-10:00
`
`Visualization
`Chair: Mike Keeler
`
`Discrete Groups and Visualization of Three—Dimensional Manifolds ....................................... .. 255
`Charlie Gunn
`L
`
`Imaging Vector Fields Using Line Integral Convolution ........................................................... .. 263
`Brian Cabral, Leith (Casey) Leedom
`
`Frequency Domain Volume Rendering ...................................................................................... .. 271
`Takashi Totsuka, Marc Levoy
`
`10:15-12:00
`
`Processing Synthetic Images
`Chair: Don Mitchell
`
`View Interpolation for Image Synthesis ..................................................................................... .. 279
`Shenchang Eric Chen, Lance Williams
`
`Spatial Anti-aliasing for Animation Sequences with Spatio-temporal Filtering ........................ .. 289
`Mikio Shinya
`
`Motion Compensated Compression of Computer Animation Frames ....................................... .. 297
`Brian K. Guenter, Hee Cheol Yun, Russell M. Mersereau
`
`Space Diffusion: An Improved Parallel Halftoning Technique Using Space—filling Curves ..... .. 305
`Yuefeng Zhang, Robert E. Webber
`
`1:30-3:15
`
`Techniques for Animation
`Chair: Andrew Glassner
`
`An Implicit Formulation for Precise Contact Modeling between Flexible Solids ..................... .. 313 .
`Marie-Paule Gascuel
`
`Interval Method for Multi-Point Collisions between Time-Dependent Curved Surfaces .......... .. 321
`John M. Snyder, Adam R. Woodbury, Kurt Fleischer, Bena Currin, Alan H. Barr
`
`Sensor—Actuator Networks ......................................................................................................... .. 335
`
`Michiel van de Panne, Eugene Fiume
`
`Spacetime Constraints Revisited ................................................................................................ .. 343
`J. Thomas Ngo, Joe Marks
`
`3:30-5:00
`
`Natural Phenomena
`
`Chair: Darwyn Peachey
`
`Animation of Plant Development ............................................................................................... .. 351
`Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz, Mark S. Hammel, Eric Mjolsness
`
`Modeling Soil: Realtime Dynamic Models for Soil Slippage and Manipulation ...................... .. 361
`Xin Li, J. Michael Moshell
`
`Turbulent Wind Fields for Gaseous Phenomena ........................................................................ .. 369
`Jos Stam, Eugene Fiume
`
`Mae?
`
`

`
`
`
`COMPUTER GRAPHICS Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1993
`
`Panel Sessions, Tuesday, 3 August 1993
`
`1:30-3:15
`
`3:30-5:00
`
`Real Virtuality: Stereo Lithography - Rapid Prototyping in 3D ....................................... .. 377
`Chair: Jack Bresenham
`Panelists: Paul Jacobs, Lewis Sadler, Peter Stucki
`
`Visual Thinkers in an Age of Computer Visualization: Problems and Possibilities .......... .. 379
`Chair: Kenneth R. 0’Connell
`
`Panelists: Vincent Argiro, John Andrew Berton Jr., Craig Hickman, Thomas G. West
`
`Panel Sessions, Wednesday, 4 August 1993
`
`8:30-10:00
`
`8:30-10:00
`
`1:30-3:15
`
`Updating Computer Animation: An Interdisciplinary Approach ...................................... .. 381
`Chair: Jane Veeder
`Panelists: Charlie Gunn, Scott Liedtka, William Moritz, Tina Price
`
`Facilitating Learning with Computer Graphics and Multimedia ....................................... .. 383
`Chair: G. Scott Owen
`
`Panelists: Robert V. Blystone, Valerie A. Miller, Barbara Manes-Hattal, Jacki Morie
`
`Visualizing Environmental Data Sets ..................................................................................... .. 385
`Chair: Theresa Marie Rhyne
`Panelists: Kevin J. Hussey, Jim McLeod, Brian Orland, Mike Stephens, Lloyd A. Treinish
`
`3:30-5:00
`
`How to Lie and Confuse with Visualization ........................................................................... .. 387
`Chair: Nahum D. Gershon
`
`Panelists: James M. Coggins, Paul R. Edholm, Al Globus, Vilayanur S. Ramachandran
`
`3:30-5:00
`
`The Applications of Evolutionary and Biological Processes to
`Computer Art and Animation ................................................................................................. .. 389
`Chair: George Joblove
`Panelists: William Latham, Karl Sims, Stephen Todd, Michael Tolson
`
`
`
`

`
`SIGGRAPH 93, Anaheim, California‘, 1-6 August 1993
`
`Panel Sessions, Thursday, 5 August 1993
`
`8:30-10:00
`
`8:30-10:00
`
`10:15-12:00
`
`1:30-3:15
`
`Urban Tech-Gap: How Museum/University Liaisons Propose to Create
`a Learning Ladder for Visual Literacy .................................................................................. .. 391
`Chair: Richard Navin
`
`Panelists: Lynn Holder, Edward Wagner, Robert Carlson, Michael McGetrick
`
`Virtual Reality and Computer Graphics Programming ....................................................... .. 392
`Chair: Bob C. Liang
`Panelists: William Bricken, Peter Cornwell, Bryan Lewis, Ken Pimental, Michael J. Zyda
`
`Ubiquitous Computing and Augmented Reality ................................................................... .. 393
`Chair: Rich Gold
`Panelists.‘ Bill Buxton, Steve Feiner, Chris Schmandt, Mark Weiser, Pierre Wellner
`
`Merging 3D Graphics and Imaging -—Applications and Issues ........................................... .. 395
`Chair: William R. Pickering
`Panelists: Paul Douglas, Kevin Hussey, Michael Natkin
`
`1:30-3:15
`
`Nan-0-sex and Virtual Seduction ............................................................................................ .. 396
`
`Co-Chairs: Joan I. Staveley, David Steiling
`Panelists: Paul Brown, Michael Heim, Jill Hunt, Chitra Shriram
`
`3:30-5:00
`
`Critical Art/Interactive Art/Virtual Art: Rethinking Computer Art .................................. .. 398
`Chair: Timothy Druckrey
`Panelists: Regina Cornwell, Kit Galloway, Sherrie Rabinowitz, Simon Penny, Richard Wright
`
`Panel Sessions, Friday, 6 August 1993
`
`8:30-10:00
`
`10:15-12:00
`
`1:30-3:15
`
`1:30-3:15
`
`3:30-5:00
`
`Digital Dlusion: Theme Park Visualization - Part One ......................................................... .. 400
`Chair: Clark Dodsworth
`
`Panelists: Kevin Biles, Richard Edlund, Michael Harris, Phil Hettema, Mario Kamberg,
`Brenda Laurel, Sherry McKenna, Allen Yamashita
`
`Digital Illusion: Theme Park Visualization - Part Two
`Continuation ofpanel described above.
`
`Man vs. Mouse .......................................................................................................................... .. 401
`Chair: Jonathan Luskin
`
`Panelists: Terri Hansford, Robert E. Markison, Joan Stigliani
`
`Multimedia and Interactivity in the Antipodes ..................................................................... .. 401
`Chair: Lynne Roberts-Goodwin
`Panelists: Chris Caines, Paula Dawson, Adam Lucas, Cameron McDonald—Stuart
`
`The Integrative Use of Computer Graphics in a Medical University .................................. .. 403
`Chair: Dave Warner
`
`Panelists: A. Douglas Will, Jodi Reed
`
`Cumulative Index of SIGGRAPH Proceedings, 1984-1993 ..................................................... .. 405
`Stephen Spencer
`
`Conference Committee ............................................................................................................... .. 419
`Exhibitors ................................................................................................................................... .. 423
`Author Index ............................................................................................................................... .. 425
`Cover Image Credits ................................................................................................................... .. 427
`
`---V
`
`i,.-a.;..,“w,w;:_,,,.».,»,,Wu.,.,,,N
`
`.
`
`

`
`COMPUTER GRAPHICS Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1993
`
`Preface
`
`You hold in your hands a distillation of the work of hundreds of _
`people representing over a hundred thousand hours of collective
`brain work: the technical program of the 20th armual SIGGRAPH
`conference held in Anaheim, California.
`Each year the technical program is modified in many small and
`hopefully better ways. This year you will notice that there are more
`papers than SIGGRAPH has accepted in many years, that we have
`expanded the number of sessions, and that the number of days
`during which papers are presented has grown.
`But some things we’ve modified do not show up in the papers
`themselves. This year the composition of the selection committee
`is considerably different than in previous years. The SIGGRAPH
`conference planning committee mandated “term limits” for
`members of the selection committee. This year, no one was a
`senior reviewer if they served on the committee for the previous
`two years.
`Also new this year is the establishment of reviewer ethics
`guidelines which sought to achieve a uniform level of protection
`for the information contained within SIGGRAPH submissions.
`
`The prospective author’s kit also contained a look into how papers
`were processed, judged, and accepted or rejected. This information
`was intended to give people an insight into the paper review and
`selection mechanism. Since so much of this process deals with
`specific papers and people’s opinions of the significance of
`someone’s ideas, the record and discussion that occurs during this
`process is of necessity secret. However, everyone should know
`what happens in general.
`We received 225 submissions this year, a new record, and
`accepted 46 papers, the most since 1978. Andrew Glassner and I
`read and discussed every submission and—within the constraints
`of load balancing——attempted to assign each submission with the
`best senior reviewer for that submission. The review process and
`the selection meeting were very much as in previous years.
`Everyone on the committee strove to include quality papers over as
`wide a range of topics as was feasible. The individual merits of
`papers were extensively discussed and judged by those members of
`the committee allowed to attend. As in previous years, those who
`had a connection with the institutions or authors represented in a
`particular paper were asked to leave the discussion. We tried to be
`as fair and objective as could be possible.
`
`I wish to congratulate the committee on their display of wisdom
`and insight during the selection meeting. The discussion that
`occurred in March impressed me with its high professional level
`and sensitive consideration given to every possible conflict of
`interest.
`Of course, as many well know, the SIGGRAPH review process
`is far from perfect: I may have sent a submission to the wrong
`person, reviewers may misunderstand the ideas in a paper, or some
`critical piece of information may not have reached the author. If
`you had a paper rejected unfairly by SIGGRAPH 93, I apologize
`for our mistakes. If you have ideas on how we may improve future
`cycles of reviewing, SIGGRAPH is eager to hear them. I urge you
`please to contact me or Andrew Glassner, the program chair for
`SIGGRAPH 94.
`
`Even though we accepted more papers than ever before, the
`publication budget for this proceedings was fixed by the severe
`financial constraints that SIGGRAPH has been forced to adopt.
`We have thus had to be very careful on issues that impact the
`ultimate cost of this proceedings. Most of the authors of the papers
`in this document have struggled valiantly to accomplish the
`difficult task of meeting the hard page limits given to them. The
`committee considered the content of each paper and carefully set
`length and color restrictions. Steve Cunningham and I were given
`the unhappy task of enforcing these restrictions and denying many
`authors’ desperate pleas for more space.
`Those who know me personally know that I am, to put it
`delicately, organizationally challenged. Without the crucial
`support and help of of a number of people, SIGGRAPH 93 would
`probably not have had a technical program this year. These people
`have my deep thanks and gratitude: Debbie Buuck, Steve
`Cunningham, Mary Kate Haley, Kevin Luster, and Pey Jen Wu. I
`also wish to thank the SIGGRAPH 93 cochairs, Bob Judd and
`Mark Resch, for establishing an exciting and creative atmosphere
`that allowed us to take part in shaping the conference, its content,
`and its future.
`
`James T. Kajiya
`SIGGRAPH 93 Papers Chair
`
`
`
`

`
`
`
`COMPUTER GRAPHICS Proceedings, Annual Conference__Series, 1993
`
`1993 ACM SIGGRAPH Awards
`
`Steven A. Coons Award
`
`Outstanding Creative Contributions
`
`for
`
`to Computer Graphics
`
`Ed Catmull
`
`This year ACM SIGGRAPH has selected Dr. Edwin E. Catmull to
`receive the Steven A. Coons Award for Outstanding Creative
`Contributions to Computer Graphics. Over the past twenty years, Ed
`Catmull has made many and noteworthy advances in computer
`graphics as an individual researcher, as an inspiring leader in the
`field, as a director of organizations, and as a mentor for many.
`Ed has made important direct contributions to the field of
`computer graphics. With his doctoral dissertation at the University
`of Utah, he introduced the notion of subdivision to pixel level as a
`display method, added a fast adaptive subdivision method for bi—
`cubic surface patches, and provided the first published description of
`the ubiquitous z—buffer visibility algorithm. He also developed the
`Catmull—Rom interpolating spline and an early system for generating
`animated articulated figures. At the New York Institute ofTechnology,
`he wrote the first spline inbetweening animation program. At
`Lucasfilm, with Alvy Ray Smith, he invented a two—pass image
`warping algorithm.
`In addition to his own research contributions, Ed has founded and
`led three important and influential centers of computer graphics
`research and development: the Computer Graphics Laboratory at
`New York Institute of Technology (NYIT), the Lucasfilm Computer
`Division, and Pixar. In each of these organizations, he attracted and
`developed some of the best talent in the computer graphics business.
`These organizations rose quickly to become leading centers of
`research in our field. The common ingredient in these three
`organizations is Catmull and the talented people he attracts and
`develops; wherever Catmull goes, exciting things seem to happen.
`Engineers at NYIT developed the first RGB painting program,
`were pioneers in the use of computer—control1ed video equipment,
`invented mip—maps, and wrote the Tween and Bop animation
`programs. People working for Ed at Lucasfilm/Pixar made many
`contributions to image rendering, including particle systems, the
`first shading language, distributed ray tracing, stochastic sampling,
`and the Reyes/RenderMan software. They also developed volume
`rendering software, digital compositing, the Computer Animation
`Production System (CAPS) developed with Walt Disney Pictures,
`the Pixar Image Computer, laser input/output scanning, and video
`and audio editing systems. The group produced a number of special
`effects such as the “Genesis” effect in “Star Trek II: The Wrath of
`Khan” and the stained glass man in “The Young Sherlock Holmes,”
`Short animated films as exemplified by “Andre and Wally B.,”
`
`“Red’s Dream,” “Luxo Jr.,” and “Tin Toy,” and numerous
`commercials.
`Four of SIGGRAPH’s first five Achievement Award winners
`(and six of eleven overall) have worked for Ed at one time or another.
`“Luxo Jr.” was one of the earliest computer animated films to be
`nominated for an Academy Award and “Tin Toy” was the first to win
`one. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences last year
`awarded a Scientific and Technical Academy Award for the
`development of CAPS to Disney employees and Pixar employees
`who reported to Catmull. This year the Academy gave a Scientific
`and Technical Academy Award for the RenderMan software to
`Catmull and his collaboratorsl.
`
`Ed Catmull earned the BS in Physics and the BS in Computer
`Science (1969) and then the Ph.D. in Computer Science (1974), all
`from the University of Utah. We note that his doctoral dissertation
`committee included Steve Coons and Ivan Sutherland, the first
`recipient of the Coons Award. As noted above, his career spans three
`positions as Director of the Computer Graphics Laboratory at the
`New York Institute of Technology (1974-79), Vice President and
`Managing Director of the Computer Division of Lucasfilm, Ltd.
`(1979-1986), and now as President of Pixar.
`It is impossible to know how many of us have aimed higher and
`worked harder because Ed encouraged us by collaboration or by
`being an important figure in the field. It is impossible to know how
`many of us have taken our research a little further out on the fringe
`because we thought it was something that Ed might do. His influence
`at the person—to—person level is magical, and though difficult to
`describe in words, it continues to affect the practice of computer
`graphics in subtle and important ways.
`
`References
`
`Catmull, Edwin E., “A System for Computer Generated Movies,”
`Proceedings of ACM Annual Conference, August 1972.
`Catmull, Edwin E., “Computer Display of Curved Surfaces,”
`Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Graphics,
`Pattern Recognit