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`ALL 2006
`APOTEX V. ALLERGAN
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`SAUNDERS
`ELSEVIER
`
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`DORLAND’S ILLUSTRATED MEDICAL DICTIONARY
`31st edition
`
`ISBN: 978-1-4160-2364-7 (Standard)
`978-1-4160-4998-2 (Deluxe)
`978-0-8089-23626 (International)
`
`Copyright © 2007, 2003, 2000, 1994, 1988, 1935, 1981, 1974, 1965, 1957, 1951, 1947,
`1944, 1941, 1938, 1935, 1932, 1929, 1927, 1923, 1921, 1919, 1917, 1915, 1913,1911,
`1909, 1906, 1903, 1901, 1900 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
`All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
`photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought
`directly from Elsevier’s Health Sciences Rights Department in Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone: (+1) 215 239 3804, fax: (+1) 215 239 3805, e—mail;
`healthpermissions@elsevier.com. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (hrtp://www.elscvier.corn), by selecting
`‘Customer Support’ and then ‘Obtaining Permissions’.
`Some of the words appearing in die Dictionary are proprietary names (trademarks) even though no reference to this fact is made in the text
`The appearance of any name without designation as a trademark is therefore not to be regarded as a representation by the editors or publisher that it is not
`:1 rrademark or is not the subject of proprietary rights.
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`Notice
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`Neither the Publisher nor the Editors assume any responsibility for any loss or injury and/01' damage
`to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book. It is
`the responsibility of the treating practitioner, relying on independent expertise and knowledge of the
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`patient, to determine the best treatment and method of application for the patient.
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in—Publieation Data
`Dorland’s illustrated medical dictionary.
`Philadephia: Saunders
`V.: ill.; 27 cm.
`
`Irregular.
`Began publication with 23rd ed.
`Description based on: 26th ed.
`Continues: American illustrated medical dictionary.
`
`1. Medicine—Dictionarics. I. Dorland, W.A. Newman (VVilliam Alexander Newman), 1864-1956.
`[DNLM: 1. Dictionaries, Medical. 2. Reference Books, Medical]
`RIZLD"/3
`610’.3’21—~dc19
`O—6383
`AACR 2 MARC—S
`
`[8607r85]rev6
`Library of Congress
`Listed here are the latest translated editions of this book together with the languages for the translations and the publishers:
`Chinese (28r/1 Editimz)—Xi’an VVorld Publishing Corp., Xi’an, China
`Indonesion (26xl2 Eziz'zirm)—E.G.C. Medical Publishers, Jakarta, Indonesia
`Italian (28211 Edition)—mEdi7,ioni Scientifiche lnternazionali (ESI), Niilan, Italy
`Japanese (28t}: Edirian)—-Hirokawa Publishing Company, Tokyo, Japan
`Portuguese (28:/:1 Edz'tz'n11)—-Editiora Manole Ltda., Sao Paulo, Brazil
`Spanish (5‘0t/J EtZiti01z)~ElseVier Espnfta, S.A., Madrid, Spain
`Ukrainian (302); edz'tia1z)—Nautilus Publishing House, Lviv, Ukraine
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`C/Jief Lexicagrzlp/Jar: Douglas M. Anderson, MA
`Senior Lexicogmplmrr Patricia D. Novak, PhD
`Lcxicogv-:1}:/in-r:]effe1son Keith, MA
`Arristrmt Lcxz'togrrzpbc1': Michelle A. Elliott, BA
`Pizblirbing Scrviccr 1M/nuzger: Linda Van Pelt
`pmjm Ma11age7‘:]oan Nikelsky
`Derigvz Direction: Gene Harris
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`
`T116013? Confinurzrl
`
`the theory that light, heat, and electricity are t‘i‘u11Smil‘ted
`wave t.
`through space in
`the form of waves.
`Weismann’s t.
`sec we/'.tm1z1m1'.rm.
`Woods-Fildes t.
`least some drugs (
`
`the antibacterial activity of at
`the theory that
`especially the s
`ulfonarnides) is a consequence of a
`
`the
`reactions of
`essential metabolic
`competitive
`inhibition of
`microorganism.
`Young-Helmholtz t.
`the doctrine that color vision depends on
`violet.
`three sets of retinal fibers, corresponding to the colors red, green, and
`
`theovtheraa-py (the
`t/Jco: god + tlmvzpy]
`”o-ther’a—pe) [Gr.
`ment of disease by prayer and r
`eligious exercises.
`junctional nest.
`theque (tek) [Fr. a “box or small chcst"]
`Thera-cys
`(ther’a-sis)
`tradem
`1156.
`ark for a preparation of live BCG (bacille
`CalmeLte—Guériu) for intravesical
`tics.
`
`the treat-
`
`therapeu
`
`(ther”sApu’sis)
`ther-a-pen-sis
`ther-a-peu-tic (ther"9
`—pu’t:ik)
`[Gr.
`r/Jarapenti/cor
`inclined to serve]
`2. curative.
`l. pertaining to therap
`eutics or to therapy.
`the
`ther-a-peu-tics (ther"a—pu’til<s)
`I.
`branch of medical
`concerned with the tre
`atment of disease.
`2 . therapy.
`Ther-a-pho-si-dae
`a
`(thei”9—fo’si—de)
`spiders (suborder Orth
`family of very large hairy
`ognatha) found in
`temperate and tropical areas.
`Sericopelma wmrmmit
`is the only species
`whose venom has a harmful
`effect on humans,
`but some are ca
`pable of inflicting painful bites.
`
`science
`
`a
`trends to the sick]
`ombincd with a term
`
`The members of this family are sometimes improperly called tarantulas.
`See also bird Ipider.
`‘liter-a-pist
`(ther’9—pist)[
`person skilled in tl
`indicating the speci
`type of treatment rendered (as p/J_yrir/ll t.).
`physical t.
`a person skilled in the techniques of physical therapy and
`qualified to administer treannents prescribed by a physician and under his
`supervision; called also pbgwiotérevnpirt.
`respiratory t.
`a person who has graduated from an approved respira-
`tory therapist program or
`is
`registered by the National Board for
`Respiratory Care and is qualified to provide respiratory care under the
`supervision of a physician.
`speech t.
`a person specially trained to assist patients in overcoming
`speech and language disorders. Cf. SPEEE/J p/ttbu/ogin.’.
`ther-a-py (ther’9-pe) [Gr. t/yerzzpei/1 service done to the sick]
`the treat-
`ment of disease; called also t/Jmzpeuzicr.
`
`See also under 2.‘1"E/{f71iE7’/2.‘.
`
`the destruction of small
`ablation t.
`areas of myocardial tissue, usually
`by application of electrical or chemical energy, in the treatment ofsome
`
`surgical resection in the treatment o
`aerosol t.
`inhala
`tion thera
`py using an aerosol.
`androge"n
`androgen ablation L,
`deprivation.
`androgen
`deprivation t.
`anticoagulant 1.
`the use of anticoagulants such as heparin, warfarin,
`or dicumarol to dis
`courage
`bosis.
`the use of platelet inhibitors such
`as aspirin, dipy-
`ridamole, sulfinpyrazone, or ticlopidine hydrochloride
`to inhibit platelet
`adhesion or aggregation and so
`prevent thrombosis, alter the course of
`atherosclerosis,
`patency.
`or prolong vascular graft
`art t.
`the use ofart media and images, the creative process, and patient
`response to the
`roducts created for the treatment of psychiatric and
`ons, often as an
`psychologic con ili
`rehabilitation.
`adjunct to psychotherapy, and for
`autolymphocyte t.
`
`autophercsis.
`
`own blood serum.
`aversion t., aversiv
`gun
`conditioning, pairin
`stimulation in order to r
`The term is sometimes
`used synonymousl
`beam 1:.
`external
`beam radiotherapy.
`behavior t.
`a th
`erapeutic approach i
`n which the focus is on the
`'
`’
`rvable
`behavior, rather than on conflicts and unconscious
`processes presumed t
`accoin lished throu
`0 Luiderlie his maladaptive behavior. This is
`gh systematic manipulation of the environmental
`avioral variables related to the sp
`ecific behavior to be modified;
`operant conditioning,
`systematic desensitization,
`token economy, aver-
`sive control, flooding,
`and implosion at
`may be used in beh
`e examples of techniques that
`avior therapy. Called also be/Jzwinr madzfimtian and
`czmdz'tiom'ng t.
`behavioral marital
`t. (BMT)
`a form
`of marital therapy usin prin-
`from behavior
`ciples and techniques
`therapy; it attempts to aleviate
`marital distress by
`increasing positive,
`pleasant interactions between
`the members of a c
`ouple.
`
`bile acid t., bile acid replacement 1%.
`administration of bile acids
`for treatment of hyperliposis.
`biological t.
`treatment of disease by injection ofsubstances that pro-
`duce a biological reaction in the organism, such as scra, antitoxins,
`vaccines, and nonspecific proteins.
`as sodium
`buffer t.
`intravenous injection of buffer substances, such
`Ce['1iI€ltlOn.
`ion con-
`bicarbonate, with the object of lowering the hydrogen
`cardiac resynchronization t.
`cardiac pacing in which a lead is used
`to deliver current directly to the left ventricle,
`in addition to those
`used to deliver current to the right atrium and ventricle, so that the
`’
`pump in synchrony. Called also I/1'1/item]
`ptlrmg.
`x—ray therapy with a short source»to~tissue distance and low
`Chaoul t.
`voltage; see also C/Mtml tube, under IZIIJL’.
`chelation t.
`the use of a chelating agent to remove toxic metals from
`the body, used in the treatment of heavy metal poisoning. ln comple-
`mentary mcdicine, also used for the treatment of atherosclerosis and
`other disorders.
`ciient-centered t.
`a form of psychotherapy in which the emphasis is
`on the padent’s self-discovery, interpretation, conflict resolution, and
`reorganization of values and life approach, which are enabled by the
`warm, nondirective, unconditionally accepting support of the therapist,
`who reflects and clarifies the patient’s discoveries.
`cognitive t., cognitive behavior ‘L
`a directive form of psychother-
`apy based on the theory that emotional problems result from distorted
`attitudes and ways of thinking that can bc corrected. Using techniques
`drawn in part from behavior therapy,
`the therapist actively seeks to
`guide the patient in altering or revising negative or erroneous percep-
`tions and attitudes.
`collapse t.
`a treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis, formerly widely
`used, in which the diseased lung was collapsed in order to immobilize it
`and allow it to rest. Common methods were oleothorax, plombage,
`pneutnonolysis,
`artificial pneutnothorax, and thoracoplasty. Pneu-
`monolysis and thoracoplasty are still sometimes done to collapse :1
`lung and allow access during thoracic surgery.
`color 1:.
`the therapeutic use of light of specific colors. It encompasses
`a number of methods used in complementary medicine, including the
`direction of light of specific colors at the chakras associated with the
`
`3