The
`Atnerican
`Heritage® Dictionary
`of the English Language
`
`FOURTH EDITION
`
`~~ HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
`· ., ~ Boston New York
`
`•
`
`Energetiq Ex. 2025, page 1 - IPR2015-01277
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`

`
`Words are included in this Dictionary on the basis of their usage.
`Words that are known to have current trademark rcgislnltions are
`shown with an initial capital and are also identified as trademarks. No
`investigation has been made of common-lnw trademark rights in any
`word, because such investigation is impracticable. The inclusion of any
`word in this Dictionary is not, however, an expression of the
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`affecting the validity of any trademark.
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`lSBN- 13: 978-0-618-70172-8
`ISBN-JO: 0-618-70172-9
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`Library of Congress Caraloging-iu-Publicllrwn Data
`
`The American Heritage didionary of the English language.-4th ed.
`P·
`em.
`ISBN 0-395-82517-2 (hardcover) -ISBN 0-618-08230-1
`(hardcover with CD ROM)
`l. English language-Oidionaries
`PE1628 .A623 2000
`42>-<lal
`
`00-025369
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`~.
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`
`susp ender
`pair of suspenders
`
`suspension
`Fugue No. 4 from J.S. BaGh's
`Well-Tempertd Clnvier, Book I
`
`suspended animation I suture
`port or keep from falling without apparent attachment, as by buoyancy:
`suspend o11eself itrthe water. -i11rr. 1. To cease for a period; delay. 2. To
`fail to make payments or meet obligations. [Middle English suspenden,
`from Old French suspendre, from Latin suspetrdere: Stlb-, from below; see
`SUB- + pendere, to hang; see (s)pen- in Appendix 1.]
`sus•pend•ed a nimation (s;~-sp~n'did) n. A temporary state of
`interrupted breathing and loss of consciousness resembling death, caused
`especially by asphyxia.
`sus•pend•er (s;~-spen'd3r) n. 1. One, such as a hook, that suspends
`something else. 2. An often elastic strap worn over the shoulders to sup(cid:173)
`port trousers. Often used in the plural. 3. Chiefly Britislt A garter.
`sus•pense (sJ·spens') "· 1. The condition of being ph~ically sus(cid:173)
`pended. 2a. The state or quality of being undecided, uncertain, or
`doubtful. b. Pleasumble excitement and anticipation regarding an out(cid:173)
`come, such as the ending of a mystery novel. 3. Anxiety or apprehension
`resulting from an uncertain, undecided, or m~terious situation. [Middle
`English, from Old French suspeus, from latin suspiusus, past participle
`of suspendere, to suspend. See SUSPEND.) -sus• pense'ful ndj.
`suspense account n. A temporary account in which entries of
`credits or charges are made until their proper disposition can be deter(cid:173)
`mined.
`sus•pen•sion (s:~-spen'sh~n) n. 1. The act of suspending or the
`condition of being suspended, especially: a . A temporary abrogation or
`cessation, as of a law or rule. b. A temporary debarment, as from school
`or a privilege, especially as a punishment. c. A postponement, as of a
`judgment, opinion, or decision. See synonyms at pause. 2. Music a. Tbe
`prolongation of one or more tones of a chord into a following chord to
`create a temporary dissonance. b. The tone so prolonged. 3. A device
`from which a mechanical part is suspended.. 4. The system of springs
`and other devices that insulates the chassis of a vehicle from shocks trans(cid:173)
`mitted through the wheels. 5. Chemistry A system in which microscop(cid:173)
`ically visible particles are dispersed throughout a less dense liquid or gas
`[rom which they a.re easily filtered but not easily settled because of system
`viscocity or molecular interactions.
`s u spcms ion bridge n. A bridge having the roadway &uspended
`from cables that are anchored at either end and usually supported at in(cid:173)
`tervals by towers.
`suspension point "· One of a series of dots, usually three, used to
`indicate an incomplete statement or the omission of a word or words
`from a written text.
`s u s•pen•sive {s:~-sp~n'slv) adj. 1. Serving or tending to suspend or
`temporarily stop something. 2. Charactcri1.cd by or causing suspense.
`-sus•pen' sive•ly ndv. - sus•penlsive•ness n
`sus•pen•sor (lhl-spen's;~r) "· 1. Buta11yA multicellubr filamentou~
`structure developed from a zygote in seed-bearing plants and connecting
`the embryo to the endosperm. 2- An athletic supporter. [New Latin sus(cid:173)
`pensor, one that suspends, from Latin suspeti5U5, past participle of st1Spen(cid:173)
`d"'· to suspend_ See SUSPEND.]
`sus•pen•so•ry {~sp~n'S3-rc!) adj. 1. Supporting or suspending: a
`suspensory bandage. 2. Delaying completion. ·!• n., pl. -ries 1. A support
`o.r truss. 2. An athletic supporter.
`suspensory ligament 11. A ligament that supports an organ or
`body part. especially a fibrous membrane that holds the lens of the eye
`in place.
`sus•pi•cion (s:~-spishl~n) "· 1. The act of suspecting something, es(cid:173)
`pecially something wrong, on little evidence or without proof. 2. The
`condition of being suspected, especially of wrongdoing. 3. A state of un(cid:173)
`certainty; doubt. See synonyms at uncertainty. 4. A minute amount or
`slight indication; a trace. ·:· tr.v. -<ioned, -cio n•ing, -cions Nunstan-
`' dnrd To suspect. [Middle English, alteration (influenced by Old French
`nupiciou) of susp~ciotm, from Anglo-Norman, variant of Old fortncb sos"
`pefo,, from Latin suspecti~, suspection-, from suspectus, past participle of
`suspicere, to watch. See SUSP£cr.) -sus•pilcion•al adj.
`sus•pi•cious (s;,-splsh'•s) adj. 1. Arousing or apt to arouse suspi(cid:173)
`cion; questionable: suspicious behavior. 2. Tending to suspect; distrustful:
`a suspicious nature. 3. Exl?ressing suspicion: a suspicious look. - s us•
`pi'cious•ly adv. -sus•pt'cious•ness n.
`sus•pire (s:~-spir') mtr.v. -pired, -pir•ing, -pires 1. To breathe:
`'\o\nd from that one i11take of fire/All creatures sri// warmly suspire" (Robert
`Prost). 2. To sigh. (Middle English suspiren, to sigh, from Old French,
`from Latin so1Spirilre: sub-, from below; see SUB-+ spiriire, to breathe.)
`-sus'pi• ra't ion (slis1p3-riilsh3n) n.
`Sus•que•han•na (sus'kw~-hw'~) 11., pl. Susquehanna or -nas
`Sec Susque ha nnock (sense 1).
`Susqu ehanna Rive r A river of the northeast United States rising
`in central New York and flowing about 714 krn (444 mi) south through
`eastern Pennsylvania and northeast Maryland to Chesapeake Bay.
`Sus•que•han•nock (slis'kw:~-b~n'•k) ~~.pl. Susquehannock or
`-nocks 1 a. A Native American people formerly located along the Sus(cid:173)
`quehanna River in New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. The Susque(cid:173)
`hannodc \vere extinct by 1763. b. A member of this people. Also called
`Conestoga, Susqueltannn. 2. The lroquoian language of this people.
`suss {siis} tr.v. sussed, suss•ing, suss•es Slang 1. To ;nfer or dis(cid:173)
`cover; figure out: "I think I'm good at sussing out what's going on" (Ry
`Cooder)- 2. To size up; study: HSuss out tlte desig~rers i11 whum you are
`interested" {Lucia van der Post). (Probably short for SUSPECI'-)
`Sus•sex (st1s1lks) An Anglo..Saxoo kingdom of southern England bor(cid:173)
`dering on the English Channel. Founded in the fifth century A.D., it was
`captured by the kingdom of Wessex in 825.
`Sussex spaniel 11. A strong stocky dog of a breed developed in Sus(cid:173)
`sex, a county of southeast England, having long ears, short legs, and a
`sUky golden-brown coat.
`
`suspension bridge
`San FrancisaK>akland Bay
`Bridge
`
`1744
`
`sus•tain {53-stan'} rr.v. -tained, -tain•ing, -tains 1. To kee .
`istence; maintain. 2. To supply with necessities or nourishment- I> Ill c~.
`for. 3. To support from below; keep from falling or sinking; Pr • Provide
`support the spirits, vitality, or resolution of; encourage. 5. T:t 4.1'0
`under; withstand: cnn't SJL!tain the blist~ring heat. 6. To experience ear up
`fer: sustained a fatnl i~rjury. 7- To affirm the validity of: The · :• •u(.
`sustai11ed the prosecutor's ub}ectio11. 8. To prove or corroborate/~ ge. h~ts
`9. To keep up {a joke or assumed role, for example) competently tf'rlll.
`English sustenen, fTom Old French sustenir, fro'? Latin srmmtre~lddle
`from below; see SUB-+ tentre, to hold; see ten- m Appendix l) · 511b-,
`tain 1a• b il'i•ty 11. -sus•tain'a•ble adj. -sus•tain'er ~ -sus.
`· -sus.
`tain'ment "·
`sustainable agriculture "· A method of agriculture th
`tempts to ensure the profitability of farms while preserving the env~~ at(cid:173)
`ment.
`on.
`s u s •tained yield (53-stand' ) n. 1. The continuing yield of b'
`logical resource, such as timber from a forest, by controlled period;~ h10•
`3r(cid:173)
`vesting. 2. The quantity of a resource harvested in this manner_
`sus•tain•ing pedal (sa-stii'nTng) 11. The right pedal of 3 p'
`which stops the action of the dampers and allows the strings to vi~ano.,
`freely. Also called loud ptdnl, reverberation pedaL
`rate
`sus•te•n ance (slis' tJ-nans) "· 1a. The act of sustaining. b. Th
`condition of being sustained. 2. The supporting of life or health· 111 . e
`tenance: «11,1 deliver i11 every moming six beeves, forty sheep, and otl;er :~n­
`uals fur my S115telllmce~ {Jonathan Swift). 3. Something, especiat]y fo~~­
`thatsustainslifeorhealth. 4. Meansoflivclihood. (Middle English fro '
`111
`Old french, from sustetrir, to sustain. See SUSTAIN.)
`'
`sus•ten•tac•u•lar (sus'tm-tak'}'3-13r, -ten-) ndj. Anatumy Serv.
`ing as a supporting structure. [From Late Latin sustemiiculum. support
`from latin sustenttire, to support, frequentative of susti11i!re, to sustai.;
`See SUSTAIN.)
`·
`s ustentacular cell 11. One of the supporting cells of an epithelial
`membrane or tissue.
`s u s•ten•ta•tlon (sus't~n-tals~n. -t~n-) "· 1. Something that sus(cid:173)
`tains; a support. 2. Sustenance. [Middle English, from Old French, from
`Latin SIL!tel!tiirio, susteutiitior~-, from sustenltiltiS, past participle of
`susremtire, to support. See SUSTENTACULAR. ] -sus'ten•ta'tive (-ta'(cid:173)
`tiv) adj.
`Sus•ti•va {S.)·st~'V3} A trademark used for the drug efavirenz ..
`Su• s u (sCo' so-o) 11., pl. Susu or Su• sus 1. A member o.f a West Af(cid:173)
`rican people inhabiting parts of Guinea and Sierra Leone. 2. The Mande
`language of the Susu.
`su•sur•ra•tion (s60 1s:~-riVs~n) also su•sur•rus {s60-s0r' as,
`-5ur' -) n. A ooft, whispering or rustling6ound; a murmur. (Middle Eng(cid:173)
`lish susurrncunm, from Late latin sus11rriitio, susurration-, from Latin
`susumilw, past participle of sliSumire, to whisper, from susurrus, whis(cid:173)
`per, ultimately of imitative origin.] -su•sur'rant (so-o-sClr'ant, -sitr' -),
`su•surlrous (-sftr':os, -sur' -) adj.
`Suth•er•land (siltM>r-land), George 1862-1942. British-born
`American jurist and politician. He served as a U.S. representative
`(1901-1903) and senator (1905-1917) from Utah and was an associate
`justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1922-1938).
`Sutherla nd, Joan Born 1926_ Australian nperatic snprano noted es(cid:173)
`pecially for her interpretations of Gaetano Donizetti's Lucia di Lnmmer(cid:173)
`moor and Vincenzo BeUini's Normn.
`Sutherland F.a,lls A waterfall, 581 m (1,904 ft) high, of southwest
`South Island, New Zealand.
`Sut•lej (siit' lej') A river, about 1,448 krn (900 mi) long, nowing from
`southwest Xizang (Tibet) through northern India and eastern Pakistan,
`where it iS joined by the Chenab River. It is one of the five rivers of the
`Punjab.
`.
`s ut•ler (sut'lar) n. A follower of an army camp who peddled prova(cid:173)
`sions to the soldiers. [Obsolete Dutch soete.ler, from Low German sude/er,
`suteler, from German sudel11, to dirty, from Middle High German stt·
`de/err.]
`s u•tra (soo'tr3) "· 1. Hi11duism Any of various aphoristic doctrinal
`summaries produced fur memorization generally between 500 and _200
`B.C. and later incorporated into Hindu literature. 2 . also sut•ta (soot' (cid:173)
`~) Buddltism A scriptural narrative, especially a text traditionally regar~~
`ed as a discourse of the Buddha. (Sanskrit sillmm, thread, sut:ra. See syu·
`in Appendix 1.]
`.
`sut•tee also sa•ti (si1-te' , si1t'!') n. 1. The now illegal act or prart1~
`of a Hindu widow's cremating henclf on her husband's funeral pyre 10
`order to fulfill her true role as wife. 2. pl. -te e s also -tis A widow ,~h~
`commits such an act. (Sanskrit snrf, virtuous woman, suttee, from ~em;­
`nine present participle of tuti, s-, she is, is true. See es- in AppendiX I.
`Sut•ter (s(ltf~r), John Augustus 1803-1880. American pionet;•
`raised in Switzerland. The discovery of gold on his land led to the eah(cid:173)
`fornia gold rush (1841H849).
`,
`Sutt~ner {root'n~r, soOt'-), Bertha von 1843-1914. Austrian pacl~
`fist who wrote the novel lAy Down Your Arms {1889). She was the iars
`woman to re~:eive the Nobel Peace Prize (1905).
`su•ture (s6b' ch3r) n. 1a. The process of joining two surfaces or edges
`together along a line by or as if by sewing. b. The material, such as
`thread, gut, or wire, that is used in this procedure. c. The line or slit~
`so formed. 2. Medici11e a. The fine thread or other material used sur&~:
`cally to dose a wound or join tissues. b. The stitch so formed. 3. Alia _
`omy The line of junction or an immovable joint between two bones •. es
`pecially of the skull. 4. Biology A seamJike joint o.r line of articula11?0 '
`such as the line of dehiscence in a dry fruit or the spiral seam mar!OnS
`the junction of whorls of a gastropod shell. •:• tr.v. -ture d, -tur•Ul9•
`-tures To join by means of sutures or a suture. [Middle English, fr<>01
`
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`Energetiq Ex. 2025, page 3 - IPR2015-01277