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`IPR of U.S. Pat. No. 8,135,115
`
`0001
`
`

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`>>>D>>>D>>>>>>>>D>>>D>>>>>D>>>>>>>>D>>>D>>>D>>>D>D>>D>D>D>D>>D>D>D>D>D>D>D>>D>D>>D>D>>D>D>D>D>>D>D>D>D>>D>D>
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`

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`US 7,899,167 B1
`Page 5
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`
`* cited by examiner
`
`0005
`
`0005
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 1, 2011
`
`Sheet 1 of2
`
`US 7,899,167 B1
`
`FIG. I
`
`WORKSTATION
`
`VALIDATION
`
`UNAUTHORIZED
`CALL ACTIVITY‘
`DETECTION
`
`0006
`
`0006
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 1, 2011
`
`Sheet 2 of2
`
`US 7,899,167 B1
`
`FIG. 2
`
`TELEPHONE TERMINAL OFF HOOK
`
`201
`
`202
`
`203
`
`204
`
`207
`
`208
`
`
`
`
`CALL PROCESSING GATEWAY
`
`ESTABLISHES LINK BETWEEN
`
`
`
`TELEPHONE TERMINAL AND
`
`CALL PROCESSING PLATFORM
`
`
`
`
`CALL APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
`SYSTEM INTERACTS WITH CALLER
`AND COLLECTS DATA
`
`CALL APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
`
`SYSTEM INTERACTS WITH
`
`VALIDATION SYSTEM TO
`
`
`
`
`
`DETERMINE CALL TREATMENT
`
`
`
`
`
`CALL
`
`AUTHORIZED
`
`?
`
`205
`
`YES
`
`NO
`
`206
`
`CALL APPLICATION
`
`MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
`
`DOES NOT CONNECT CALL
`
`
`CALL APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
`SYSTEM CONNECTS CALL
`
`CALL APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
`
`SYSTEM INTERACTS WITH OTHER
`SYSTEMS
`
`
`
`
`
`CALL
`
`TERMINATED
`
`?
`
`YES
`
`209
`
`CALL APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
`SYSTEM RELEASES CALL
`
`210
`
`0007
`
`0007
`
`

`
`US 7,899,167 B1
`
`1
`CENTRALIZED CALL PROCESSING
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`The present application is related to co-pending and com-
`monly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/135,878
`entitled “Information Management and Movement System
`and Method,” filed Apr. 29, 2002, Ser. No. 10/135,883
`entitled “Optimizing Profitability in Business Transactions,”
`filed Apr. 29, 2002, Ser. No. 10/190,315 entitled “System and
`Methods for Offering a Service to a Party Associated with a
`Blocked Call,” filed Jul. 3, 2002, Ser. No. 09/640,831 entitled
`“System and Method for Reverse Billing of a Telephone
`Call,” filed Aug. 17, 2000, Ser. No. 10/022,946 entitled
`“Method for Determining an Entity Responsible for Billing a
`Called Party,” filed Dec. 17, 2001, Ser. No. 10/217,149
`entitled “System and Method for Call Treatment,” filed Aug.
`12, 2002, Ser. No. 10/252,956 entitled “Three-Way Tele-
`phone Call Prevention System and Method,” filed Sep. 20,
`2002, Ser. No. 09/995,253 entitled “Method and Apparatus
`for Exchanging Data Between a Primary Computer System
`and an External Computer System to Ensure Transaction
`Reconciliation Between the Systems,” filed Nov. 27, 2001,
`Ser. No. 10/360,248 entitled “System and Method for
`Account Establishment and Transaction Management Using
`Interrupt Messaging,” filed Feb. 7, 2003, Ser. No. 10/360,442
`entitled “Systems and Methods for TransactionAuthorization
`Determination,” filed Feb. 7, 2003, Ser. No. 10/437,839
`entitled “Intelligent Queuing of Transaction Requests,” filed
`May 14, 2003, and Ser. No. 10/420,585 entitled “System and
`Method for Detecting Unauthorized Call Activity,” filed Apr.
`22, 2003, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated
`herein by reference.
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`
`The present invention relates generally to call processing
`systems, and more particularly, to a centralized or nodal
`architecture utilized with respect to call processing.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`Automated systems for providing call processing functions
`are not new. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,247,569 entitled
`“System and Method for Controlling Outbound and Inbound
`Calls in a Telephone Communication System,” the disclosure
`of which is incorporated herein by reference, teaches a call
`handling system for controlling inbound and outbound calls
`automatically for placing agents in communication with call-
`ing and called parties. U.S. Pat. No. 5,255,305 entitled “Inte-
`grated Voice Processing System,” the disclosure of which is
`incorporated herein by reference, teaches a general purpose
`computer platform providing voice processing functions,
`including voice messaging, call processing, and interactive
`voice response. U.S. Pat. No. 4,935,956 entitled “Automated
`Public Phone Control for Charge and Collect Billing,” the
`disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference,
`teaches a microcomputer system for use in automatically
`controlling charge and collect-call functions. U.S. Pat. No.
`6,052,454 entitled “Telephone Apparatus With Recording of
`Phone Conversations on Massive Storage,” the disclosure of
`which is incorporated herein by reference, teaches a tele-
`phone apparatus for providing service to a plurality of tele-
`phones located at a particular facility, having the capability of
`controlling the connection of calls and recording selected
`phone conversations.
`
`2
`
`Such call processing systems have typically implemented
`configurations in which substantial amounts of call process-
`ing functionality is disposed or deployed in association with
`a facility being serviced. For example, discrete and substan-
`tially independent call processing systems are disposed at
`prison facilities, or other facilities, served by the system of
`above mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 4,935,956. Similarly,
`although call authorization functionality is disposed remotely
`to a facility being served in the system of above mentioned
`U.S. Pat. No. 6,052,454, call processing is provided by the
`phone system disposed at the facility.
`A service provider may have a relatively large number of
`facilities for which calling services are provided, such as on
`the order of hundreds or even thousands of individual facili-
`
`ties, perhaps distributed throughout a large geographic area.
`The aforementioned locally disposed call processing systems
`provide a number of disadvantages in addition to the equip-
`ment costs associated with such a configuration. For example,
`a large number of call processing systems, particularly when
`distributed throughout a large geographic area, presents chal-
`lenges from a maintenance standpoint. When system aspects
`are modified or updated, such as to provide new rate tables or
`dialing area codes, each such call processor requires indi-
`vidual attention. For example, an operations, administration,
`maintenance, and provisioning (OAM&P) terminal may be
`utilized to establish a dial-up connection with each affected
`call processor and provide update information and/or recon-
`figuration. However, merely establishing such dial-up con-
`nections with a large number of remote systems is burden-
`some, even ignoring the time and effort required in actually
`providing the update. Even where a persistent data link is
`maintained between such an OAM&P terminal and the
`
`remote systems, managing an update of a large number of
`remote systems is difficult.
`Additionally, data sharing, aggregation, and statistical
`analysis available using such discrete or distributed call pro-
`cessing systems is very limited. The distributed and discrete
`nature of such previous configurations is not well suited for
`widespread data sharing, aggregation, and analysis. More-
`over, the lack of persistent and/or high bandwidth data con-
`nections, such as in the case of the typical dial-up configura-
`tion, does not readily facilitate the aggregation of large
`amounts ofdata as might otherwise be useful in developing an
`image across many facilities for which calling services are
`provided.
`Introducing new features and functions in such call pro-
`cessing systems canbe problematic. For example, a particular
`feature requiring a minimum resource configuration or par-
`ticular hardware may require a significant capital investment
`to introduce the feature for use at a number of sites as each
`
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`corresponding call processing system may require hardware
`upgrades etcetera.
`Additional challenges may be presented with respect to use
`of the aforementioned discrete or distributed call processing
`systems in particular situations. For example, where such call
`processing systems are deployed for use with respect to par-
`ticular controlled environment facilities, such as prison facili-
`ties, functionality such as call recording may be imple-
`mented. Recording calls
`typically require
`substantial
`recording media space. Accordingly, personnel at each facil-
`ity, whether employed by the service provider or by the facil-
`ity itself, is required to periodically, often daily, archive or
`otherwise refresh the recording media to ensure the continued
`ability to record calls.
`Where such call processing systems are used in providing
`collect calling or other subsequently billed calling services,
`discrete or distributed call processing system configurations
`0008
`
`60
`
`65
`
`0008
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`

`
`US 7,899,167 B1
`
`4
`
`through a carrier’s network, thereby providing a larger aggre-
`gate data pipe or pipes at a centralized call processing plat-
`form.
`
`3
`can present issues with respect to billing and/or risk manage-
`ment. For example, billing records may only be polled peri-
`odically, such as by establishing a dial-up connection every
`night, thereby delaying billing as much as 24 hours with
`respect to any particular call. Moreover, analysis with respect
`to call velocity (information with respect to a number of calls
`placed to or from a particular number over a period of time)
`and/or credit limits may not be possible until the aforemen-
`tioned periodic collection of data, allowing calls which oth-
`erwise would not be allowed to be completed to continue to be
`placed during the time of a polling period.
`
`BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention is directed to systems and methods
`which provide a centralized architecture for call processing.
`According to a preferred embodiment ofthe present invention
`voice over Internet protocols (VoIP) is utilized to carry calls
`from a location at which calling services are provided to a
`centralized call processing platform providing all or substan-
`tially all call processing functionality, such as calling party
`identification, call validation, call routing, connection to the
`public switched telephone network (PSTN), call recording,
`etcetera. High bandwidth persistent data connections pro-
`vided between locations at which calling services are pro-
`vided and a centralized call processing platform are utilized
`not only to carry call content as data, but also to provide
`persistent data links for data processing use, such as by man-
`agement terminals and/or other data processing systems (e.g.,
`commerce computer systems, justice application manage-
`ment computer systems, various peripheral devices, etcetera)
`disposed at the facility locations.
`Preferred embodiments of the present invention provide
`devices having relatively limited or specialized functionality,
`such as VoIP gateways or integrated access devices (IADs)
`(collectively referred to herein in centralized call processing
`configurations as call processing gateways), at facility loca-
`tions for which calling services are provided. These call pro-
`cessing gateways are preferably utilized to provide plain old
`telephone service (POTS) analog line interfaces for use with
`a plurality oftelephone sets disposed foruse at the facility and
`at least one wide area network (WAN) interface for providing
`high speed data communication to a centralized call process-
`ing platform. Call processing gateways utilized according to
`the present invention may provide additional interfaces, such
`as a local area network (LAN) for connecting systems such as
`management terminals to the gateway and/or centralized call
`processing platform and/or switched network interfaces such
`as to couple PSTN lines directly to the gateway, if desired.
`Call processing gateways of embodiments of the invention
`become the collection point for calls and data for a particular
`facility and provide a link to one or more central sites for call
`processing and other functionality. For example, one central-
`ized call processing platform may be implemented with
`respect to a plurality of facilities serviced. Additionally or
`alternatively, a plurality of call processing platforms, such as
`might be deployed regionally and/or to provide redundancy,
`may be networked to a plurality of facilities serviced. WAN
`circuits may be purchased from a carrier for connecting each
`individual facility to the call processing platform or plat-
`forms. The WAN circuits may be purchased according to the
`bandwidth capacity desired for each corresponding facility,
`e.g., to provide less bandwidth where few telephone terminals
`are deployed at a facility and more bandwidth where many
`telephone terminals are deployed at another facility. The
`WAN circuits may be collected together as they proceed
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`Centralized call processing platforms ofpreferred embodi-
`ments of the present invention comprise high capacity and
`high speed routing/switching functionality, such as a router
`and gigabit Ethernet switch, to facilitate low latency data
`communication between call processing functionality and/or
`PSTN interfacing functionality of the call processing plat-
`form and call processing gateways of a plurality of facilities.
`Call processing functionality of embodiments of a call pro-
`cessing platform may be provided by a plurality of servers
`operable under control of instruction sets defining operation
`to provide call processing features such as calling party iden-
`tification, call validation, call routing, etcetera. PSTN inter-
`facing functionality ofembodiments of a call processing plat-
`form may be provided as a data connection (e.g., media
`gateway control protocol (MGCP) or session initiation pro-
`tocol (SIP)) to the PSTN. Additionally or alternatively, PSTN
`interfacing functionality of embodiments of a call processing
`platform may be provided as POTS trunking or other more
`traditional telephone line interface. Preferred embodiments,
`however, may place calls on the PSTN in VoIP protocols to
`receive the benefit of such advantages as lower connection
`cost offered by the carrier when introduced to the PSTN in
`VoIP protocols, reduced latencies associated with repeated
`conversion ofthe call betweenVoIP and analog protocols, and
`improved call quality associated with carrying the call in
`digital format closer to the called party before conversion
`back to analog.
`Call processing platforms of the present invention may
`implement interactive voice response (IVR) features, such as
`to solicit information from a caller, to provide call status
`announcements, to solicit funds for a call, etcetera. Addition-
`ally or alternatively, call processing platforms of the present
`invention may implement call recording and/or other central-
`ized data collection, such as through use of a storage area
`network (SAN), interconnected redundant array of inexpen-
`sive disks (RAID) or fixed disk platforms, and/or the like.
`Preferred embodiment call processing platforms provide
`for data sharing, aggregation, and/or analysis across multiple
`facilities served, whether affiliated (such as facilities of a
`particular city, county, or state or facilities having an associa-
`tion, e.g., sheriff’ s association) or non-affiliated (such as all
`facilities served by the service provider). Accordingly, infor-
`mation, such as inmate booking information, dossiers, etcet-
`era, may be shared across facilities. Similarly, information,
`such as called party number, uncollectable call statistics,
`usage frequency or velocity, etcetera, may be aggregated
`and/or analyzed across facilities.
`Call processing platforms of preferred embodiments
`implement a data structure for segmenting the calling activity
`for each individual facility to control access with respect to
`each facility’s data and/or to facilitate independent account-
`ing, maintenance, and other functionality, thereby providing,
`in some respects, a virtual facility call processor with respect
`to facilities. For example, administrative personnel of a par-
`ticular facility are preferably enabled to perform maintenance
`and other operations, e.g., call processor configuration,
`recorded call playback, billing and commission record
`access, etcetera, with respect
`to that particular facility.
`According to a preferred embodiment, management termi-
`nals disposed locally at a facility are provided data access to
`portions ofthe call processing platforms relevant to the opera-
`tion of that facility via the aforementioned call processing
`gateway, such that it appears from the user’ s viewpoint as if a
`local call processo