March 20, 1956-
`
`’w. J. BIELSTEIN
`
`2,738,956
`
`A Y _ PERCUSSION DRILLING 7’
`Filed May 23, 1952 5
`
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`VELOCITY
`PORTS
`
`INVENTOR.
`
`Walter J. Bielstein,
`
`BY
`
`fit-on
`
`NOV
`
`9.
`
`_ Flotek
`Exhibit 1006
`
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`
`, 2,733,956
`Patented Mar. 20, 1956
`
`United States Patent Ofiice
`
`2,738,956
`ROTARY PERCUSSION DRILLING DEVICE
`
`.assignor, _by
`'I‘.ex.,
`Walter J. Bielstein, Corpus Chrisfi,
`mesne assignments, to Esso Research and Engineering
`Company, Elizabeth, N. .J., a corporation of Delaware
`Application May 23, 1952, Serial N9. 24-39,531
`'
`5 Claims.
`(Cl. 255-3)
`
`IO
`
`15
`
`20
`
`'2
`Fig. 7 is a view in section taken along the line 7—7
`of Fig. 1;
`_
`'
`-
`Fig. 8 is a detail sectional View of a modified embodi-
`ment of Fig. 1;
`’
`‘
`Fig. 9 is a view looking down ~on.the synchronizing
`plate shown in Fig. 8;
`'
`‘
`Fig. 10 is a top view of the valve housing unit of Fig.
`8; and
`‘
`'
`‘
`-
`'
`Fig. 11 is a top view of the rotatable valve unit shown
`in Fig. 8.
`-
`'
`_
`.
`In the several views of the drawing identical numerals
`will be employed to designate identicaliparts.
`‘
`Referring now to the drawing numeral .11 designates a
`tubular member which is provided at an intermediate
`point with an inwardly projecting shoulder 12 and at a
`' point adjacent a lower end with an inwardly projecting
`key 13.
`Arranged adjacent the lower end of the tubular mem-
`ber 11 is an anvil 14 provided with a recess l5_in w_hich
`is a packing or sealing means 16. Threadedlyattached
`to the anvil 14 by mating threads 17 is a drill sub 18
`which, in turn, is tlireadedly attached by mating threads
`1811 to a drill bit 19. The drilling sub 18 is provided with
`a keyway 20 in which the key 13 is slidably arranged.
`Arranged above the anvil 14‘ in ‘tubular member 11 is a
`hammer 21 provided with a central passageway 22. The
`hammer 21 is provided" with an outwardly projecting
`shoulder 23 which serves as an ‘upper retainer for a heli-
`cal coil spring 24, thebottom endof which rests on the
`inwardly projecting shoulder 12 which acts as the lower-
`spring retainer. Arranged in the upper end of the tubular
`member 11 is a sleeve 25 in which is slidably arranged a
`valve piston 26 the lower end of which is attached to the
`upper end of the hammer 21. Rotatably mounted within
`the valve piston 26 on shaft 27 is a valve element 28 which
`is provided with a plurality of ports or passageways 29.
`The.rotatable shaft 27 is designed to rotate freely in bear-
`ings 30 and 31. Downward travel of the piston 26 is
`limited by the downward travel of the hammer 21.
`It
`will be noted that the rotatable valve element 28 is pro- p
`vided with transversely inclined or slanting surfaces 33
`’ whereby’ the rotatable valve element 28 is rotated as will
`be described.
`‘
`It will be seen that the valve piston 26 is provided with
`ports 34 through which drilling fluid may pass and that
`the anvil 14,
`the" sub 18 and the drill bit 19 define a
`passageway 35. which connects to passageway 22 for
`passage of drilling fluid downwardly from the _drill stem
`to which the member 11 is adaptedvto be attached at "an
`upper end thereof by means, not shown.
`.
`While in the embodiment of Figs. 1 to 7 theapparatus
`is" illustrated as being attached to a drill bit 19 through
`the drill sub 18, it is to be understood that I may attach
`the -drill bit 19 directly to the anvil 1'4 and mat the sub
`18 may be considered an integral part of-the drill bit 19.
`Referring now to Figs. 8 to 10, a different valve and
`rotatable means therefor will be-described. Referring
`now to Fig. 8, a valve piston 50 is slidably arranged by
`way of keys and keyways within" a sleeve 51 which, in
`turn, is fixed in the tubular member 11. The valve piston '
`50 is attached to the hammerwith its lower end in con-
`tact with the upper end of the hammer 21.as in the em-
`bodiment of Figs.
`1 to 7: Arranged within the valve_
`piston 50 is a rotatable valve element .52 which is pro-
`vided with a plurality of ports '53. Therotatable valve
`member 52 is attached by key 54’ to a shaft 54 which is j
`mounted -in the piston 50 on bearings 55 and 56. The
`shaft 54 has a helical vane ,57‘attached to the upper end ‘
`thereof on which is. mounted a spider synchronizingplate
`58 which, in turn, 18 arranged ‘in the tubular member 11
`and particularly in the -keyway '59 through spherical or
`_ball keys 60. Twistedpbar or -‘vane57 ‘has a protruding
`
`_
`
`v
`
`Flotek
`
`Exhibit 1006
`
`NOV
`
`Exhibit 2002
`
`The present invention is directed to a device for drill-
`ing wells in earth formations. More particularly,
`the
`invention is directed to apparatus for drilling a well in
`which a jar is transmitted to. a drill bit.
`In its more
`specific aspects, the invention ‘is-directed to a drilling de-
`vice in which a well as drilled in an earth formation
`by rotating a drill bit while simultaneously causing jars
`or vibrations on a drill bit.
`_
`-
`The present invention may be ‘described briefly as a
`device -for drilling a well which comprises, in combination,
`a tubular member adapted to be attachedjat its upper
`end to a hollow drill stem in which an anvilis slidably
`arranged in the tubular member at a lower end thereof.
`A drill bit which may be a'rock bit or one of the fish!-ail
`types is connected to the anvil and projects outwardly
`from the lower end of the tubular .mer_nber.. A hammer
`is arranged longitudinally within the tubular member
`above the anvil for downward movement thereagainst.
`Spring means are arranged in the tubular member to bias
`the hammer in an upward direction. Above the hammer
`in the tubular member is a rotatable valve means which
`is slidably arranged in the tubular member in contact
`with an upper end of -the hammer. V. The valve means is
`provided with at least one port for passage‘ of drilling
`fluid through the tubular member and the hammer and
`thence through the anvil and the‘ drillbit: The valve is
`provided with means for rotating same whereby the
`valve is opened and closed to interrupt the flow of .drill-
`ing ‘fluid through the apparatus of the present invention
`to create a water hammer which causes _the hammer to
`hit the anvil and transmit a jar ‘to the drill bit.
`The means for -rotating the valve member may be built
`into the valve itself and may ‘include slanting or ‘trans.-
`versely inclined surfaces on a rotatable element of the
`valve. This rotatable element is provided with passage-
`ways which are alternatelvopened and closed to cause
`interruption of the fiowof the drilling fluid. -
`V
`The means for rotating thexvalve member may also
`-
`include a rotatable shaft attached to the rotatable valve v
`means carrying a_ helical vane on which a slidable plate
`65
`is mounted on the vane and in .the tubularlmember.
`‘By
`properlydpositioning the plate mounted on the vane, it is
`possible‘ to open andclose the rotatable valve -means.
`The present invention will "be. furtherflunderstood by
`reference to the drawing in which
`'
`'
`Fig. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of my in-
`vention;
`.
`I
`»
`v
`Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail view of the valve element
`of.Fig. 1;
`'
`-
`,
`t
`Fig.‘ 3 is a view looking down on the valve .unit shown
`in Fig. 2;
`.
`'
`Fig. 4 is a top view of-lthe rotatable valve element
`shown in ‘Fig. 2;
`.
`i
`'
`Fig. 5 is a front view of the valve element shown in
`Fig. 4;
`.-
`_
`Fig. 6 is .a view in section taken along the lines 6—-6
`of Fig. 4;
`'
`.
`
`30
`
`V
`
`4-0
`
`50
`
`60
`
`66
`
`70
`
` NOV
`Exhibit 2002
`
`

`
`2,738,956
`
`3
`pin 57a which limits the down travel of bar 57 as it is
`pulled through synchronizing ‘ plate 58 by downward
`movement of valve piston 50.
`The tubular member 11 in this embodiment of my
`invention defines inwardly projecting shoulders 61 and
`62 above and below the _plate 58. Bearing against the
`plate 58 and tending to urge same in an upward direc-
`tion is a coil spring 63, the lower end of which rests on
`the inwardly projecting shoulder 61. Bearing against
`the plate 58 and tending to urge it downwardly is a sec-
`ond coil spring 64, the upper end of which is retained by
`inwardly projecting shoulder 62.
`The apparatus of the present invention operates in the
`following manner with respect to Figs. 1 to 7. Assum-
`ing drilling operations to beproceeding and that
`the
`tubular member 11 is attached to a rotating hollow drill
`stem and drilling fluid is being circulated downwardly
`through the drill stem of the apparatus of the present in-
`vention, the flow of drilling fluid against the slanting sur-
`faces or transversely inclined surfaces 33 causes the ro-
`tatable valve member 28 to rotate. By rotation of the
`valve element 28 the ports 34 of the piston member 26
`are alternately opened and closed.
`In the closed position
`the flow of drilling fluid is at least partially interrupted
`by virtue of restricting the flow which causes a force to
`be exerted downwardly on the rotary valve piston 26
`which.
`in turn, exerts a force on the hammer 21 which
`causes it to strike against the anvil 14 and creates a jar
`on the bit 19. By virtue of the rapid flow of the drilling
`fluid down through the drill stem and the tubular mem-
`ber ll and by virtue of the rotation of the rotatable
`element 23 a water hammer effect is created which re-
`sults in substantially the entire force of the drilling fluid
`being imposed against the rotary valve piston 26 which,
`in turn, imposes its force on the hammer which causes
`rapid striking of blows against the anvil 14. Upward
`travel of the hammer 21 results when ports 34 in the
`piston 26 begin opening. The action of the spring 24 plus
`rebound of the hammer 21 from the anvil 14 throws the
`hammer 21 upwardly. By the percussion efiect created
`by the striking of hammer 21 against the anvil 14 the
`bit 19 is caused to penetrate the earth formations more
`readily than heretofore since besides a rotary cutting ef-
`fect a crushing of the formation in contact with the cut-
`ting edges of thebit is eflected.
`The apparatus of Figs. 8 to 10 operates in a somewhat
`similar manner which will be described as follows:
`Drilling fluid is being pumped down through the tubu-
`lar member 11 which is attached by means not shown
`to a hollow drill stem_which causes the piston valve mem-
`ber 50 to be pushed downwardly. This results in the
`rotation of the shaft 54 and the helical vane 57 to an
`open position one 90° turn which synchronizes the ro-
`tatable member 52 with the ports 65 of the piston valve
`member 50. Opening of the ports 65 and rebound of
`the hammer 21 allows the spring 24 to push the valve
`piston 50 up to the starting position which again results
`in the closing of the valve by the rotatable member 52
`being in position to restrict the flow through the passage-
`ways 65 resulting in the sequence of operations being
`repeated. Overtravel of the hammer 21 is provided for
`by mounting the spider synchronizing plate 58 in a key-
`way 59 and spring loadingthe plate 58 in both directions
`to resist upward and downward forces. With respect to
`Figures 8, 9, 10 and 11, the helical vane 57, being of a
`shape other than round so that rotation in the slot in the
`plate 58 is impossible, is fixed to the rotatable valve ele-
`ment 52 by the shaft 54. The vane 57 extends through
`the slot in the plate 58, the slot being of the same shape
`as the cross-sectional shape of the vane 57 but somewhat
`larger. The plate 58 is slidably mounted on the tubular
`member 11 by the spheres 60 in the keyways 59. As
`pressure is applied to the drill stem,
`the piston 50 is
`forced downwardly and as the helical section of the vane
`57 passes through the plate 58 rotation of the valve 52
`
`10
`
`40
`
`50
`
`Ear C1
`'
`
`60
`
`G5
`
`70
`
`-
`
`4
`is efiected in a clockwise direction and toward full open
`position. The amount or degree of rotation will be gov-
`erned by the amount of the helical section on the vane
`57 passing through the slot in the plate 58 and the amount
`or degree of pitch in the helical section. The desired
`amount of rotation will depend on the number of open-
`ings and the area of openings in the piston 50. The
`velocity ports 53 in the member 52 are designed to sus-
`tain circulation while the valve 52 is in the closed posi-
`tion and to allow the apparatus to be started. After the
`piston 50 has travelled downwardly, the hammer 21 has
`struck the anvil 14 and the valve 52 is rotated to the open
`position. The reactionjof the hammer face and the re-
`action of the spring 24 combine to move the hammer 21
`upwardly which causes left—hand rotation of the valve 52
`as the vane 57 passes through the slot in the plate 58.
`Upward travel continues until
`the energy in spring 24
`and in the hammer face is spent.. At
`this point,
`the
`valve 52 is either in a closed or near closed position and
`the fluid pressure and velocity causes the piston 50 to
`reverse its direction of travel. A series of blows is thus
`transmitted through the piston 50 to the hammer 21 and
`against the anvil 14 and, in turn,
`to hit 19 allowing the
`formation to be pierced more readily than heretofore.
`’
`It is to be understood in the description taken with
`the several figures of the drawing that the flow of drilling
`fluid is never entirely cut otf but is only interrupted but
`this interruption is sufficient to cause a hammer effect to
`be transmitted against the drill bit as has been described.
`The nature and objects of the present invention hav-
`ing been completely described and illustrated, what I
`wish to claim as new and useful and to secure by Letters
`Patent is:
`in
`l. A device for drilling wells which comprises,
`combination, a tubular member adapted to be attached
`at its upper end to a hollow drill stem, a tubular anvil
`slidably arranged in said tubular member at the lower
`end thereof, a drill bit connected to said anvil projecting
`outwardly from the lower end of said tubular member,
`a hammer arranged longitudinally within said member
`for downward movement against said anvil and having
`a passage therethrough, means -normally biasing said
`hammer upwardly, a rotatable valve means comprising a
`piston member slidably arranged in said tubular member
`and attached to the upper end of said hammer and pro-
`vided with at least one port for_ passage of drilling fluid
`through said valve and hammer, a rotatable shaft attached
`to said rotatable valve means carrying a helical vane, a
`plate provided with at least one passageway slidably
`mounted on said vane and in said tubular member, and
`first and second biasing means bearing against said plate
`normally urging same in an upward and downward direc-
`tion, interruption of flow of drilling fluid through said
`rotatable valve means causing said piston member to
`overcome said first mentioned biasing means to cause said
`hammer to strike said anvil and transmit a jar to said
`drill bit.
`’
`2. A device for drilling wells which comprises, in com-
`bination, a tubular member provided with an inwardly
`projecting shoulder adapted to be attached at its upper
`end to a hollow drill stem, an anvil slidably arranged
`in said tubular member at the lower end thereof, a drill
`bit connected to said anvil projecting outwardly from the
`lower end of said tubular member, a hammer arranged
`longitudinally within said member for downward move-
`ment against said anvil provided with an outwardly pro-
`jecting shoulder spaced vertically from said inwardlly
`projecting shoulder and having a passage therethrough,
`spring means embracing said hammer and arranged be-
`tween said shoulders normally biasing said hammer up-
`wardly, a rotatable valve means comprising a piston mem-
`ber slidably arranged in said tubular member and attached
`to the upper end of said hammer provided with at least
`one port for passage of drilling fluid through said valve
`and hammer, a shaft attached to said rotatable valve
`
`;F_lotek
`_
`Exhibit 1006
`
`
`
`~
`
`' lixhibit 2002
`
` NOV
`Exhibit 2002
`
`

`
`2,738,958
`
`5
`means carrying a helical vane, a plate provided with
`at least one passageway slidably mounted on said vane
`and in said tubular member, and first and second biasing
`means bearing against said plate normally urging same in
`an upward and downward direction, interruption of flow
`of drilling fluid through said rotatable valve means causing
`said piston member to overcome said spring means to
`cause said hammer to strike said anvil and transmit a
`jar to said drill bit.
`in
`3. A device for drilling wells which comprises.
`combination, a tubular member adapted to be attached
`at its upper end to a hollow drill stem, an anvil slidably
`arranged in said tubular member and connected at the
`lower end thereof to a sub, a drill bit connected to said
`sub and projecting outwardly from the lower end of
`said tubular member, a hammer arranged longitudinally
`within said member for downward movement against said
`anvil and having a passage therethrough, spring means
`normally biasing said hammer upwardly, a rotatable valve
`means comprising a piston member slidably arranged in
`said tubular member attached to the upper end of said
`hammer and provided with at least one port for passage
`of drilling fluid through said valve and hammer, a shaft
`attached to said rotatable valve means carrying a helical
`vane, and a plate provided with at least one passageway
`slidably mounted on said vane and in said tubular mem-
`her, said tubular member being provided with a key on
`a 1o\ver end thereof slidably arranged in a keyway on said
`sub,
`interruption of flow of drilling fluid through said
`rotatable valve means causing said piston member to
`overcome said spring means to cause said hammer to‘
`strike said anvil and transmit a jar to said drill bit.
`4. A device for drilling wells which comprises, in com-
`bination, a tubular.member adapted to be attached at
`its upper end to a hollow drill stem, an anvil slidably
`arranged in said tubular member at the lower end thereof,
`a drill bit connected to said anvil projecting outwardly
`from the lower end of said tubular member, a hammer
`arranged longitudinally within said member for down-
`ward movement against said anvil and having a passage
`therethrough, means normally biasing said hammer up-
`wardly, a rotatable valve means comprising a piston
`member slidably arranged in said tubular member at-
`tached to the upper end of said hammer provided with
`at least one port for passage of drilling fluid through
`said valve and hammer, a shaft attached to said rotatable
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`6
`valve means carrying a helical vane, and a plate provided
`with at least one passageway slidably mounted on said
`vane and in said tubular member for rotating said valve
`means whereby flow of'dn'lling fluid through said tubular
`member is interrupted and a jar is transmitted to said
`drill bit by said piston member overcoming said biasing
`means to cause said hammer to strike said anvil.
`5. A device for drilling wells which comprises, in com-
`bination, a tubular member provided with an inwardly
`projecting shoulder at an intermediate point adapted to
`be attached at its upper end to a hollow drill stem and
`having a key on a lower end thereof, an anvil slidably
`arranged in said tubular member at a lower end thereof,
`a drill bit connected to said anvil projecting outwardly
`from the lower end of said tubular member provided
`with a keyway in which said key is slidably arranged, a
`hammer arranged longitudinally within said member for
`downward movement against said anvil having a passage
`therethrough and having an outwardly projecting shoulder
`spaced vertically from said inwardly projecting shoulder,
`a spring embracing said hammer and arranged between
`said shoulders normally biasing said hammer upwardly,
`a rotatable valve means comprising a piston member slid-
`ably arranged in said tubular member attached to the
`upper end of said hammer and provided with at least one
`port for passage of drilling fluid through said valve and
`hammer, a shaft attached to said rotatable valve means
`carrying a helical vane, a plate provided with at least
`one passageway slidably mounted on said vane and in
`said tubular member, and first and second biasing means
`bearing against said plate normally urging same in an up-
`ward and downward direction,
`interruption of flow of
`drilling fluid through said rotatable valve means causing
`said piston member to overcome said spring to cause said
`hammer to strike said anvil and transmit a jar to said
`d1'il1bit.
`
`References Cited in the file of this patent
`UNITED STATES PATENTS
`Harrison _____________ __ Dec. 25, 1877
`Pruszkowski ..........-- June 3, 1902
`Bardeen -.'........... __ Mar. 16, 1915-
`Bassinger ____________ __ Feb. 12, 1952
`Bergen .............. __ Aug. 26, 1952
`
`198,610
`701,391
`1,132,063
`2,584,978
`2,608,184
`
`Flotek
`
`NOV
`
`Exhibit 1006
`
`Exhibit 2002
`
` NOV
`Exhibit 2002