AM E RICA N
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`H E R I TAG E
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`s H. _LAN
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`-V T.’..__H"| R__D E D I
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`‘ii
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`SENJU-MITSUBISHI 2080
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`Words are included in this Dictionary on the basis of their
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`usage. Words that are known to have current trademark
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`registrations are shown with an initial capital and are also
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`identified as trademarks. No investigation has been made of
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`common-law trademark rights in any word, because such
`investigation is impracticable. The inclusion of any word in
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`this Dictionary is not, however, an expression of the
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`Publisher’s opinion as to whether or not it is subject to
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`proprietary rights. Indeed, no definition in this Dictionary is
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`to be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark.
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`American Heritage and the eagle logo are registered
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`trademarks of Forbes Inc. Their use is pursuant to a license
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`agreement with Forbes Inc.
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`I-loughton Miiflin Company gratefully acknowledges Mead
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`Data Central, Inc., providers of the LEXIS°/NEXIS° services,
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`for its assistance in the preparation of this edition of
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`The American Heritage Dictionary.
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`Copyright © 1992 by Houghton I\l.Eii:Elin Company.
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`All rights reserved.
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`No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any
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`form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
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`photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or
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`retrieval system without the prior written permission of
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`Houghton Mifflin Company unless such copying is expressly
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`permitted by federal copyright law. Address inquiries to
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`Permissions, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2 Park Street,
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`Boston, MA 02103.
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`The American heritage dictionary of the English language.
`— 3rd ed.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-395-«$4895-6
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`1. English language—Dictlonaries.
`PE1628.A623
`1992
`42.3 — dc20
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`92-851
`CIZP
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`Manufactured in the United States of America
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`oi boy
`ou out
`61': took
`do boot
`1'1 cut
`Iitr urge
`th thin
`it: this
`hw which
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`381
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`e authority so granted. c. The matter or task so authorized:
`(ka-mltfl) n.
`I. The act of entrusting: committal
`com-mi!-tol
`of the property to an attorney. 2. The act or an instance of com-
`figafian offraud was their commission. d. A document con-
`
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`mitting to confinement. 3. The act of pledging oneself to a par-
`g such authorization. 2.u. Abbi-. Com., corn., comm. A
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`ticular view or position: articulated her strong committal to world
`P of People officially authorized to periorm certain duties or
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`peace.
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`-fie,-15; The Federal '.'t"rorIe Commission investigates false ad-
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`,'ng_ b. Often Commission. A ruling council within the Me-
`com-mit-tee (kc-mltfé) n. Abbr. com., Com, comm., Comm.
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`a; adjudicates family disputes and regulates family activi-
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`‘I. A group of people officially delegated to perform a function,
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`,3, The act oi committing or perpetrating: the cmnmission of
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`such as investigating. considering. reporting, or acting on a mat-
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`ter. See Usage Note at collective noun. 2. Archaic. A person to
`,3 ,,,..',';;jg_ 4. A fee or percentage allowed to a. sales representative
`
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`aggnt for services rendered. 5.0. Abbr. Com., com., comm.
`whom a trust or charge is committed.
`[From Middle English com-
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`1,131 document issued by a government, conferring on the
`mitte, trustee, from Anglo-Norman comité, past participle of
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`cometre, to commit, from Latin committere. See c0Mmr.1
`pm“ the rank of a commimioned officer in the armed forces.
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`
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`he rank and powers so conferred. —commission cm).
`com-mil-tee-mun (ka-mltté-man, -man') 11. 1. A man who
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`
`I. To grant a commission to. See
`ad, -sion-ing, -sions.
`
`is a member of a committee. 2. A man who is a party leader of
`hm at oulhorize. 2. To place an order for: commissioned
`a ward or precinct.
`
`an, symphony for the festival. 3. To put (a ship} into active
`committee of the whole :1. The whole membership of a
`-1.-iioms. in commission.
`‘I. In active service. Used of
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`legislative body sitting as a committee to consider the details of a
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`2. In use or in usable condition. on commission. With a
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`proposal.
`commission serving as full or partial recompense for the
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`
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`com-mitvtee-we-mun (ka-ntltfe-w6'c'>m'on) n.
`‘I. Awoman
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`ck’ done: sells boats on commission. out of commission.
`‘I.
`
`who is a member of a committee. 2. A woman who is a party
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`_g“ in active service. Used of a ship. 2. Not in use or in working
`leader oi a ward or precinct.
`on.
`[Middle English commissiotm, from Latin commiuid,
`-mixed, -mix-ing, -mix-es.
`com-mix (ka-mlksf, ko-1 v.
`,m'_g5i§n—, from commissus, past participle of committere, to
`
`
`—:'n.tr. To be or become mixed. —tr. To cause to mix.
`[From
`. " L See coMJm‘.] —com-mi:-fsion-oi adj.
`
`
`
`Middle English commirt, mixed together, from Latin commiztue,
`
`
`.‘i.‘-.is-sion-aire [ka-mtshra-ntu-I} 7:. Chiefly anion. A
`past participle of commiscére, to mix together : com-, com- +
`ed attendant, such as a dDDl.11'lE.n.
`[‘French, from Medieval
`
`
`miscére, to mix; see meilc- in Appendix]
`' commissidndfius, from Latin commissio, commission-, com-
`
`
`
`. on. See COMMISSION]
`com-mix-tore ('ka—m.‘fksfchar, kc-J n.
`‘I. The act or process of
`
`2. The result of mixing; a mixture.
`(ks-mlsh-land} n. An officer who
`offiis-sionecl officer
`
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`com-mode (ks-moor) 7:. 1. Alow cabinet or chest of drawers,
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`d§ ’.. commission and ranks as a second lieutenant or above in
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`often elaborately decorated and usually standing on legs or short
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`'3, Army. Air Force, or Marine Corps, or as an ensign or
`feet. 2.o. A movable stand or cupboard containing a wasltbowl.
`e In the U.S. Navy or Coast Guard.
`b. A chair enclosing a chamber pot. c. A toilet. 3. A woman's
`
`
`inis-sion-er (ks-mlshla-nor} n. Abbr. Conn, com.,
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`
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`ornate headdress, fashionable around_1'i00. Wrench, from com-
`
`comm. 1. A member of a commission. 2. A person au-
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`mode, convenient, from Latin commodus. See cot.o.too:ous.]
`1. by a commission to perform certain duties. 3. A gov-
`
`COI'll'll'IO'di'OUS (ka—m6fdé-as) adj. 1. Spacious; roomy. See
`
`g..‘ ental official in charge of a department: a police commis-
`
`
`Synonyms at spacious. 2. Archaic. Suitable; handy.
`[Middle
`4. Sports. An official selected by an athletic association‘
`English, convenient, from Medieval Latin commodiosus, from
`
`Egue to exercise administrative or regulatory powers over it:
`Latin commodus : com-, com- + modus, measure; see med- in
`‘eboll commissioner. ————com-mis!sion-er-ship’ n.
`
`Appendix] —com-rnorcli-ous-ly ado. —com-mo!di-ous-
`
`
`ness :1.
`
`.;l_ mission n1ercl1ont- n. One that buys and sells goods for
`.-.a. on a. commission basis.
`
`
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`com-mod-i-ty (ka-rni5drl—te) 71., pl. -ties. 1. Something use-
`
`
`-"5: mission plan 1:. Municipal govemmentinwbich legisla-
`ful that can be turned to commercial or other advantage. 2. An
`~31 and administrative functions and powers are vested in an
`article of trade or commerce, especially an agricultural or mining
`ed ‘commission rather than in a mayor and city council.
`
`product, that can be transported. 3. Advantage; benefit. 4. Ob-
`'-,4 -this-sure (komfa-shflrl) n. 1. A line or place at which
`solete. A quantity; lot.
`[Middle English commodite, from Old.
`
`cl. A tract of nerve fibers
`n things are joined. 2. Anatomy.
`
`
`
`French, convenience, irom Latin commoditds, from commodus,
`
`
`mg from one side to the other of the spinal cord or brain. h.
`
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`
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`convenient. See comconsoua]
`“Hint or sui-lace where two parts, such as the eyelids, lips, or
`
`
`
`com-mo-dore (1-u5mJ‘a—dor’, -dor') n. Abbr. Com.
`‘Lo. A
`mr‘. lac valves, join or form a connection. 3. Botany. The surface
`
`commissioned rank in the US. Navy that is above captain and
`
`
`. age along which two structures, such as carpels, are joined.
`
`below rear admiral. This rank, abolished in 1399, was restored
`dle English, from Latin commissfira, from commiss-us, past
`
`temporarily during World War II and is currently in use as the
`
`ciple of committere, to join. See COMMlT.] —com"mis-suf-
`
`
`
`
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`lowest grade of admiral. b. One who holds this rank. 2. Used as
`
`
`
`
`
`an unofficial designation for a captain in the British Navy tem-
`‘G1 4mis-sur-oi-o-my -(kiiln-'a—shdE-rrfitfa-me) n., pl.
`
`porarily in command of a fleet division or squadron. 3.11. The
`lei.’ -Surgical incision of a cornmissure in the body, as one
`
`senior captain of a naval squadron or merchant fleet.
`is. The
`
`e 111. the heart to relieve constriction of the mitral valve or one
`
`[Obsolete commnmlore, proba-
`presiding otficer otra yacht club.
`elin the brain to treat certain psychiatric disorders.
`{COM-
`
`
`
`bly from Dutch komondzur, commander, from French comman-
`
`
`'-_- 1.111(2) + —rome.]
`
`deur, from Old French, from comonder, to command. See COM-
`
`‘I. To
`-mil-ted, -mit-ting, -mils. —tr.
`(ks-mltf) o.
`M.aNo.1
`geriorm, or pemetrate: commit a murder. 2. To put in trust
`Com-mo-dus (ktimia-dos), Lucius Aelius Aurelius. A.D. 151-
`
`
`charge; entrust. 3. To place officially in confinement or cus-
`192. Emperor of Rome (130-192) who ruled in a cruel and violent
`.m in a mental health facility. 4. To consign for future use
`
`
`manner. He was murdered in a conspiracy led by his mistress.
`
`erence or for preservation: commit the verse to memory. 5.
`com-morn (koznlan) adj.
`-er, -est. Abbr. com. Lo. Belong-
`pt into a place to be kept safe or to be disposed of. 6.n. To
`ing equally to or shared equally by two or more-, joint: common
`_Io1own the views of (oneself) on an issue: I never commit
`interests. b. Of or relating to the community as a whole; public:
`
`in. To bind or obligate, as by a pledge:
`' sglf on such issues.
`for the common good. See Usage Note at mutual. 2. Widespread;
`-_ were committed to follow orders. 7. To refer (a legislative
`
`prevalent. 3. o. Occurring frequently or habitually; usual.
`Is.
`for example) to a committee.
`-—-intr. To pledge or obligate
`Most widely lmovvn; ordinary: the common housefly. 4. Having
`
`am sell: felt that he was too young to commit fully to mor-
`
`no special designation, status, or rank: :2 common sailor. 5.:-.1."
`’- Middle English committee, from Latin committere : com—,
`
`Not distinguished by superior or noteworthy characteristics; av-
`_ mittere, to send.)
`--com-milrlo-hie adj.
`
`erage: the common spectotor. b. 01 no special quality; standard:
`common procedure.
`it. Of mediocre or inzlerlor quality; second-
`=1 _3flYM5: commit, consign, entrust, confide, relegate. These
`rate: common cloth. 6. Unrefined or coarse in manner; vulgar:
`‘mean to give over to another for a purpose such as care or
`
`
`
`behavior that branded him as common. 7. Grammar. .u. Either
`
`‘ coping. Commit has the widest application and means to de-
`
`masculine or ierninine in geodm. b. Representing one or all of the
`-*' xtoanother to deal with: The general sent the troops commit-
`
`
`members oi a class; not designating a unique entity. ——common 11.
`to, his charge into battle. The word can also refer to giving over
`
`' reservation or coniinement: I committed the sonata to mom-
`Abbr. com.
`‘I. commons. The common people; commonalty. 2.
`commons {used with a sing. or pl. verb). u. The political class
`Tlut patient was committed to. the hospital. To consign is to
`
`
`composed of commoners. b. The parliamentary representatives
`to ano1:her's custody or charge: The owner consigned the
`
`
`of this class. 3. Often Commons. See House ol Commons. 4. A
`
`
`98 to a dealer for sole. Entrust and confide stress trust and
`tract of land, usually in a centrally located spot, belonging to or
`‘lance in another: The task was too important to be e11t7'us'ted
`used by a community as a whole: a band concert on the village
`child. She confided her plans to her family. To relegate is to
`common. 5. The legal right of a person to tue the lands or waters
`to a specific and especially an inferior category or position:
`of another, as for fishing. 6. commons (used with a sing. verb).
`' scientist: relegate porapsychology to the sphere of quockery.
`A building or hell for dining, typically at a university or college.
`7. Common stock. 8. Ecclesiastical. A service used for a partic-
`ular class of festivals. —id'r'om. in common. Equally with or by
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`I. The act or an instance of
`-ment (ka-mltfmant) 1:.
`ting. especially: a. The act of referring a legislative bill to
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`3 pet
`5 pay
`Sr care
`5 Esther
`é pet
`e be
`I pit
`I pie
`it pier
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`commode
`18th-century German
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`‘is-poo (ésfpfi. —p6). A town oi southern Finland, a suburb of
`
`
`
`(és"ld'l-styeT:u'na, -né). A city of southeast Swe-
`,.kiIs-Id-rlfi
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Helsinki. Population, 152,929.
`
`wv-, west of Stockholm. It was chartered in 1559. Population,
`es-pous-ul
`(l-spoufzal, -331) 11. 1.4:. A betrothal. b. A wed-
`ding eeremony. 2. Adoption of an idea or a cause.
`[Middle Eng-
`pkl-mo (esrka-mo!) n., pl. Eskimo or -mos. Abbr. Esk.
`lish espousaille, from sing. of Old French espousaiiies, hetrothal,
`1-_ 5, A group of peoples inhabiting the Arctic coastal regions of
`from Latin spdnscilic, from neuter pl. of spdnscilis, of a betrothal,
`_\;,,,-L1»; America and parts of Greenland and northeast Siberia. The
`from spdnsus. spouse. See arouse]
`
`
`-Eskimo are generally considered a Native American people in
`
`
`es-pause (I-spouz-') thti.
`-paused, -pous~ing, -pous-es.
`,_M,5‘p;a and Canada.
`In. A member of any of these peoples. See
`
`
`1.4:. To take in marriage; marry. b. To give (a woman} in mar-
`.-usage Note at Native American. 2. Any of the languages of the
`
`riage. 2. To give one’: loyalty or support to (a cause, for exam-
`[French Esquimaz.-2:, possibly from Spanish es-
`. gskjmo peoples.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ple); adopt.
`[Middle English espausen, irom Old 1-H-ench espouse:-,
`
`
`
`
`
`- qmmao, esquimol, from Montagnais nyashlcimew, Mic:nac.]
`from Latin sponsors, from spa-ndére, sports-, to hetroth. See
`_"..[.r|:i-moron adj.
`spond- in Appendix] -55-pcusier n.
`Eskimo dog 1:. A large dog of a breed used in Arctic regions for
`
`
`65- pros-so ll-sprésfo, é—sprés! 6) also ex-pres -so (Ik-
`
`puumg sleds and having a thick coat and a plumed tail.
`
`sprésffi, ék—) n., pl. -sos. A strong coiiee brewed by forcing
`
`i-§e-hlr (!s'kI-sha-hirf). A city of west-central Turkey
`
`
`
`
`
`steam under pressure through darkly roasted, powdered cofiec
`
`.w'est of Ankara. An industrial center. it has hot mineral springs
`
`
`
`[Italian (caffél espresso, espresso (coffee), past participle
`beans.
`-_,,-,3 phi-ygian ruins nearby. Population, 309,341.
`of esp:-imere, to press out, from Latin ezcprimere : er-, ex- + pre-
`
`
`‘ESL chbr. English as a second language.
`mere, to press; see PRE.SS'.]
`§5oP {E-'s5p) n. A plan under which the employees of a corn-
`es-prit (e-spréf) ‘ft.
`‘I. Liveliness of rnind or spirit; sprightliness.
`-‘ pan): or corporation acquire its capital stock.
`[Ef1'nployee)
`2. Esprit de corps. See Synonyms at morale.
`[French, from Latin
`tsuugk-)O(umership) P(lar:).]
`
`spiritus, spirit. See SPI.Rl'I‘.]
`
`
`rggph-u-gus also no-snph-u-gus [I—sof!a—gas) 11., pl. -95
`esprit de corps (da ken‘) 2:. A common spirit of comradeship,
`.gi!). The muscular, membranous tube for the passage of
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`enthusiasm, and devotion to a cause among the members of a
`food from the pharynx to the stomach; the gullet.
`[Middle Eng-
`group. See Synonyms at morulo.
`[French : esprit, spirit + de, of
`igh ssophagus, trom Medieval Latin, from Greek oi.9opha5Io5.]
`
`
`
`
`+ corps, group, body.]
`
`J -a-sopi'I’t:I‘gBH:lI
`(-jélal) adj.
`
`-pied, -py-ing, -pies. To catch sight of
`es-py [I-spy) trxu.
`we-ter-ic (és=a—terrn-:) adj. Lo. Intended for or understood
`
`(something distant, partially hidden, or obscure); glimpse. See
`- 3- only a particular group: an esoteric cult. See Synonyms at
`Synonyms at see‘. : [Middle English espien, from Old French es-
`- mysterious. b. OE or relating to that which is known by a re-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pier, to watch. of Germanic origin. See spek- in Appendix]
`' stfitltd number of people. 2.a. Confined to a small group: eso-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ric interests.
`13. Not publicly disclosed; confidential.
`[Greek
`Esq.
`ebb:-. Esquire (title).
`
`
`
`
`uomrikos, from esfitero, comparative of 256, within. See an in
`—-esque suff.
`In the manner of; resembling: Lincolnesque.
`
`
`
`[Fr-ench, from Italian -esco, from Vulgar Latin '-iscus, of Ger-
`-: Appe.ndix.} —es'o-terri-col-ly adv.
`
`manic origin.)
`is-o-ter-i-cc:
`(ésia-tér-'i—ka) ]'Ji.‘fl.. (used with a sing. or pl.
`
`
`
`rb). Esoteric matters or items.
`[Greek, from neuter pl. of eco-
`Es-qui-line tésikwa-linf, «lIn). One of the seven hills of ancient
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Rome. Nero's Golden House and Trajan‘: Thermae, or hot baths.
`ttnkcs, esoteric. See aeo'n:mc.]
`
`
`were in the area.
`--Esiqui-line’
`adj.
`I. Esoteric teachings
`o-fer-i-cisna (es’a-térfI—s‘iz'arn) 1:.
`
`
`-_ or pracfices. 2. The quality or condition of being esoteric.
`Es-qui-muu (esrka-mo‘) n., pl. Esquimqu or -maux
`(-m6z'). An Eskimo.
`[Frencl-1, sing. of Esquimoux, Eskimo. See
`ESP [Wes-pef} 2:. Communication or perception by means other
`EsKLMo.]
`' than in physical senses.
`[e{:etra)s{em-cry) pferceptionl]
`I. A male belonging to the
`11.
`es-quire (esfkwirf, I—sl~twi.r!)
`ebb.-. Especially.
`
`
`
`
`gentry in England and ranking directly below a knight. 2. Es-
`
`is-po-drille (eslpa-dill’) n. A shoe usually having a fabric
`
`quire. Abbr. Esq. Used as an honoriflc usually in its abbreviated
`j upper part and a sole made of a flexible material, such as rope or
`form, especially after the name of an attorney or a consular offi-
`'_ mbbcr. French, from Provencal espardilho, diminutive oi esport,
`
`
`
`cer: Jcne Doe, Esq; John Doe, Esq. 3. In medieval times. a can-
`
`‘parto, from Latin sportum. See ESPAR1‘0.]
`‘
`
`didate Ior lcnighthood who served a knight as an attendant and a
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`cs-pol-ier {I-spalfyar, —ye'1') 1:.
`I. A tree or shrub that is
`shield bearer. 4. Archaic. An English country gentlemen; a
`
`‘ti-Iéned to grow in a flat plane against a wall, often in a symmet-
`squire.
`[Middle English esquicr, from Old French escuier, from
`nul pattern. 2. A trellis or other framework on which an es-
`
`Late Latin scfirdrius, shield bearer. from Latin sciit-um, shield. See
`pal-tr is grown. -8-speller tr.v.
`-ierecl, -ier-ing, -iers.
`1. To
`skei- in Appendix.)
`train as or on an espalier. 2. To provide with an espalier.
`ESR abbr. Electron spin resonance.
`-‘[French, from Italian spulliera, shoulder support, from spollu,
`ess (es) 1;. The letters.
`‘shoulder, I1-cm Late Latin spatula, shoulder blade, from Latin. See
`
`
`[Middle English «use, from Old
`—ess
`suff. Female: lioness.
`
`_
`. ra'rur.n..] '
`_
`I
`French, from Late Latin -issn, from'_Greek.]
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`cs-par-to [I-sparfto) 21., pl. -Ios. _A tough, wiry grass (Stipo
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`'_ ctmacissimal of northern Africa, yielding a fiber used in making
`USAGE NOTE: Critics have argued that sexist connotations are
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`paper and as cordage. [Spanish irozn Latin spar-tum, from Greek
`implicit in the use of the feminine suffix -ess, as found in words
`- lpdrwn, rope.]
`such as cmluzssodress, sculprress, waitress, stewardess, hostess,
`.3:-pe-tiul ('i—SpEShl‘ al) adj. 1. Of special importance or signif-
`actress, and many others, in that the suffix implies that the de-
`—. tcanre: exceptional: on occasion of especial joy. 2. Relating to or
`noted roles differ as performed by women and men. In some cases,
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`directed toward a particular person, group. or purpose: called his
`as with the word temptress, there may be some legitimacy to such
`. Ialhcr with especial birthday wishes; gone especial attention to the
`an implication of difference; and for this reason the acceptability
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`- decorations. 3. Peculiar to the individual; characteristic: She has
`oi the suffix may depend on the individual word. In the case of
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`In Especial fondness for mushrooms. {Middle English, from Old
`most. occupational terms, the suffix is widely felt to he inappro-
`French, from Latin specidlis, of a kind, from species, species. See
`priate. ‘Ihus 65 percent of the Usage Panel rejects sculptress in the
`|pa|t- in Appendix]
`sentence Georgia O’Keeffe is not as well-known as a sculpt:-ess as
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`It-pe-ciul-Iy (é-spéshfo-le, I—spesh»'—) ado. Abbr. esp. To an
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`she is as a painter; similarly '35 percent rejects umbassodress in
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`the sentence when the embessadres: arrives, please show her di-
`extent or degree daerving of special emphasis; particularly.
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`II-pow once (esfpar-ans) 1:. Obsolete. Hope.
`{Middle Eng-
`rectly to my office. With certain occupations, however, differen-
`tiation based on gender may be legitimate: acting, for example, is
`usn csperatmce, from Old French, from Vulgar Latin *spérant:'<z,
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`.‘:on: Latin spérdns, spérant-, present participle of spérdre,
`to
`an occupation in which the parts one can play may in fact depend
`on one’s sex. Thus 92 percent accepts actress in There ure not very
`hope. See 539- in Appendix]
`Es-pe-ran-to [és'pa-rdln-ltd, -ran!-) n. An. artificial interna-
`many good parts available for older actresses, though it should be
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`noted that many women prefer to be called actors. In the case of
`tionnl language with a vocabulary based on word roots common to
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`most social rules, gender is felt to make a legitimate difference,
`may European languages and a regularized system of inflection.
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`[After Dr. Esperanto. "one who hopes," pseucluriyrn of Ludwik
`and the suffix is accepted. Thus 87 percent of the Panel accepts
`hostess in the sentence Mary Ann is such a charming hostess that
`
`Lejzer Zamenhof (1859-1912), Polish philologist] —EsFpe-
`her parties always go off smoothly; similarly, 67 percent accepts
`fanillsi adj. :5: n.
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`seducrress in the sentence Mata Hari used her ability as a seduc-
`G8-pl-cl
`(I-spifol} n. 1. The act of watching or observing; oh-
`'-ervation. 2. A taking notice of something; a discovery. 3. The
`rress to spy for the Germans. When the same word may be used in
`fact oi being seen or noticed.
`[Middle English espioille, from Old
`different senses, one social and the other not, the acceptability of
`the suffix varies accordingly. Thus 93 percent accepts heiress in
`French, from espier, to watch. See ESPY.)
`the sentence His only hope now is to many on heiress, while only
`0|-pi-0-nuge (ésfpe-a-néizhh -nij) n. The act or practice of
`‘Wing or of using spies to obtain secret information, as about
`34 percent accepts heiress in its metaphorical use to mean "suc-
`. lnuther government or a business competitor.
`{French espion-
`eessor,“ as in His daughter and political heiress has returned to
`her country in triumph. See Usage Note at man.
`Race, irum espionner, to spy, from Old French espian, spy, irom
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`oi boy
`on out
`0'0 took
`on boot
`1': cut
`or urge
`th thin
`1:}: this
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`51 ‘pm.
`E pay
`ér care
`a father
`é pct
`a be
`I pit
`1 pie
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`escutchaon
`A. Dexter chief
`B. Center chief
`C. Sinister chief
`D. Dexter flank
`E. Fess point
`F. Sinister flank
`G. Dexter base
`H. Center base
`I. Sinister base