O c t o b er 2,
`
` 1 9 95
`
`% OtlAllS JUkH m PACE
`
`•* -
`t ^
`
` ^ %
`
`Apple Inc., et al.
`Exhibit 1018
`Apple Inc., et al. v. Global Touch Solutions, Inc.
`IPR2015-01175
`
`Exhibit 1018, Page 001
`
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`SEOD •* JHOS m-IIO • • • • • • • » » » » • • • • • • • ••
`
`

`
`By Anita Epler and Ross Chven>
`
`PRODUCT COMPARISON
`
`heading so rapidly toward extinction?
`First, NiMH battery production is an
`expensive process. For the extra cost
`NiMH fabrication incurs, its benefits
`are a little disappointing. Although the
`
`ft-•j
`Duracell hopes to promote its
` stan-
`dard-stze batteries
` on the coattails of
`new bus and data specifications.
`
`batteries offer an energy density 20
`percent higher than NiCad's, the net
`effect on your notebook's longevity
`may be as little as 30 minutes. And
`although nickel
` metal hydride isn't
`dogged by the environmental draw
`backs of NiCad,
` NiMH is plagued
`by its own shortcomings, including a
`
`rapid self discharge rate, a high sen
`sitivily to both heal
` and cold,
` and
`susceptibility to the so-called memory
`effect.
`
`NEW AND IMPROVED . Another prime
`reason for NiMH s decline is the emer-
`gence of lithium ion batteries Because
`lithiu*Tis j relatively lightweight ele
`ment. these power-packed cells deliver
`about SO percent more power than
`NiMH batteries by volume, and nearly
`80 percent more energy by weight
`On the downside, lithium is a highly
`volatile element. Early lithium batteries
`were plagued by horror stones about
`fires and explosions; NEC technologies
`Inc. had to recall
` lithium-powered
`portables in the lale 1980s Although
`current designs reportedly rely on a
`less volatile chemistry, the anecdotal
`stories of exploding batteries still cir
`culate in the industry, like a bad urban
`legend that refuses to die
` Inhium ion
`Despite their bad rap,
`batteries have caught tin fast Half of
`the high end systems in this compari-
`son make use of the newer batierv
`type, and their life spans show it (>n
`average, the lithium based systems we
`compared lasted more than twice as,
`long as their NiMH based competitors
`(see chart, page 76).
`
`* For news of
`I a recent
`lithium ion
`battery recall,
`! see "Apple
`bruised by
`supply
`shortages,
`faulty Power
`Hooks." Sept.
`25, page 53.
`
`As T HE P E R S O N AL c o m p u t er
`
` p en -
`dulum swings from desktops to
`notebooks and an increased pro-
`portion of the country's workforce
`goes mobile, t!;« rechargeable bat-
`tery market has become one of the
`biggest beneficiaries.
` Even so,
` the
`typical rechargeable notebook lacks
`even the longevity to survive a cross-
`country plane trip.
`Alas, it seems that along with each
`incremental improvement in battery
`efficiency has come a dramatic jump
`in the burden a battery must endure.
`Power-saving features and modest
`gains in a battery's energy density have
`been answered by color screens, larger
`storage capacities, and other enhance
`ments that put further strain on an
`already bfc&aguered battery. Luckily,
`new lonj-life battery technologies and
`proposed "smart" battery standards
`could change the way we think about
`portable computing.
`
`ed in the 1960s, Ni( .ads can be found in
`power tools, pocket radios,camcorders,
`and household appliances. In 1994, they
`accounted for roughly 30 percent of
`all portable PC batteries, but by 1996.
`analysts estimate their presence will be
`statistically insignificant.
`Once the darling of portable PC
`vendors, Ni( .ad has fallen out of favor
`for a number of reasons. Compared
`with emerging battery types. NiCad
`packs are relative wimps — thev offer
`at least
` 20 percent less volumetric
`energy density (energy vs. size) than
`competing technologies. Even more
`pressing in this era of "green" con-
`cerns, NiCads rely on cadmium,
` a
`potentially hazardous material. Those
`vendors that still use NiCads are gen
`erally attracted by their low price and
`proven track record.
`Brought to market in the late 1980s,
`nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) is the
`technology of choice for portable bat-
`teries, at least
` for
` the time being.
`According to research from Dataquest
`Inc., NiMH will account for 64 percent
`BATTERY BASICS. Versatility, senior-
`of notebook power packs in 1996. But
`ity, and low price are what have histor-
`by 1998, analysts predict NiMH bat
`ically made nickel-cadmium (NiCad)
`teries will drop to minority status, ac-
`batteries the dominant force in the
`counting for 40 percent of the market.
`rechargeable battery market. Introduc-
`Why is a relatively new technology
`Features and system design
`
`Hefty Pentium notebooks come packed with features
`Tbese systems set a new standard for portable system design; many offer infrared ports and sound capability in addition to standard features
`Unfortunately,W pay the pnce in added girtfr or tost.
`
`iWHinrtP*
`7S50t
`« t 7 * U *2
`
`nti
`
`5000
`
`6 k, 13.7 M.
`
`Zeos Meridian
`Aspen Aspentt
`tsoc
`90
`l U f c U t yl 1111*1*2
`6 lbs., 15.5 IR. 7
` lbs.,7.201
`
`Ora Latitude
`Sceptre Sound!
`m mi
`Pentium Gold S*n«
`11*125*22? 11 by li by 2.4
`6 lbs., 4 oz. 6lbs,13.902
`
`l«*,15j«L
`
`lto.Ua. 7h,1M«t
`
`Wngbtlsyswubmet*
`and modem only)
`IgPgf 7»U*«.
`I Uthumion
`*» *»
`*» *s
`
`Baerytm*
`
`HfjfaiawipofT
`a i l.
`
`Soundand
`
`*
`No
`Ml
`*s
`
`SIM of sour fe
`
` NicMHiwtal-
`fiydnde
`
`Nkkel-metal-
`
`hydnde Hi .
`
`*s
`
`*5 fe
`
` *»
`
`* *•
`*» fc fe to
`* N* •*«»»»*
`i in
`
`*5
`
` III
`
`lithium ion Nkkel-metal-
`
`fc
`*s
`
`te
`*s
`*s
`*s
`
`fcryGood
`
`S4J50MI
`
` depwtmem ori Aug.2S
`3>hced by wwrdi
`4 SM» m fat pnc* direct bom wndor
`
`ON THE HORIZON. > u, even rising stars
`such as lithium ion are eventually
`eclipsed by newer competitors.
` Two
`new types of power sources have been
`in development for years ami are poised
`to enter the portable computer market
`The first technology that could give
`lithium ion a r,un for its money is zmi
`air Compared with NiMH,
` zinc air
`cells have two to three times the energy
`density by weight, but because they
`require more airflow to operate, their
`power by volume rating lags behind
`other technologies The result: bulky
`but lightweight cells
`AER Energy Resources Inc has de
`veloped a zinc air external battery for
`use with major vendors systems. (See
`Portable PC batteries will last longer
`by 95."April 4,1994. page 29 j Theven
`dor estimates these platelike accessories
`can power a typical notebook for 10 to
`15 hours per charge. And, because zinc
`air cells aren't vulnerable to memory
`effects, they can be recharged midcycle
`with no penalty
`Further down the road, manufactur
`ers may turn to lithium-polymer bat
`teries. They offer roughly twice the
`energy density as lithium ion cells and
`one extremely useful benefit flexibility.
`Because they're polymer based, not liq
`uid, these cells are essentially a sand
`wich of metal meshes that can fit into
`virtually any shape. Designers can wor-
`ry about all the other components first,
`and then — theoretically — cram the
`battery into any irregular space left i
`
`INFRARED: TH{
`JURY S STILL OUT
`Although infrared ports
`seem to make a lot of
`sense for synchronizing
`files and pnnting docu
`ments, the technology
`simply hasn't taken the
`desktop world by storm
`Our readers say wireless
`capability isn't all that
`important to them,
`ranking it below even
`luxuries such as inte
`grated sound and
`CD-ROM drives
`
`OCTOBER 2, 1995 INFOWORLD 73
`
`Exhibit 1018, Page 002
`
`

`
`PRODUCT COMPARISON
`
`over, or spread a very thin battery along
`the entire bottom edge of the case.
`Although many manufacturers, in-
`cluding Del! Computer Corp., are in-
`vestigating the use of the polymer bat-
`teries in portable PCs, initial use has
`been limited to cellular phones.
`
`that revolutionary. First introduced in
`1993, they're already appearing in
`maior vendors' systems. But two new
`standards — bacbrd by Intel Corp. and
`Duracell International Inc. (the con-
`sumer battery giant) — c<»old make this
`technology easy and affordable even for
`relatively smajl manufacturers
`SUNUMS GALORE. Ahheugh n»s.
`J The System Management Bus (SM -
`systems today offer some form of ad
`j Bus) standard will specify a two-wire
`vanced power management to balance
`battery interface, responsible for trans-
`operating time against performance,
`mitting clock signals.data,and instruc-
`new smart-battery technology takes
`tions to a battery or charger.
`this idea one step further Using embed-
`It's an open specification, allowing for
`ded microprocessors, smart batteries
`communication to take place indepen-
`and charging systems can extend usable
`dent of battery-specific issues such as
`life by as much as 20j?ercent, without
`voltage, chemistry, capacity, or form
`any changes in chemistry.
`factor. The SMBus has the potential to
`Smart batteries themselves aren't all
`reduce costs by ehmmat ing proprietary
`Battery-related terms I
` Support policies
`
`connections and other costly compo-
`nents.
`The second proposed standard —
`known as Smart Battery Data, or SBD
`— defines the protocol used to trans-
`port information from embedded elec-
`tronics in the battery vi* the SMBufi.
`Systems will be capable of accessing
`battery information such as chemistry
`and capacity data, current charge and
`predicted discharge rates, and error
`messages, 2II via a generic set of com-
`mands.
`In addition to advancing the SMBus
`and SBD standards, Duracell is pushing
`for standard battery sizing, similar to
`alkaline batteries' letter designations
`(A.AA.C,D,and soon).
`Considering the intrinsically mobile
`
`nature of the rechargeable battery mar
`ket, Duracell may be on to something.
`Rather than buying replacement bat-
`teries from a single vendor source, a
`user could pop into a local computer
`superstore and buy a replacement bat
`tery at any time, in any major city.
`Although some vendors oppose this
`concept, citing a lack of flexibility in
`design, many OEMs — including
`Canon Computer Systems Inc., Com-
`paq Computer Corp., and others — are
`designing systems and peripherals
`around these standard-size cells.
`Most of these new developments
`will take a while to trickle down to
`mainstream use, but they're certain to
`change the face of portable computing
`in the months and years to come.
`
`A case of 'haves' and 'have nots'
`We're glad to see that major vendors now consider all-hours support the norm — good news for the increasing number of workers who bum the
`midnight oil Second-tier suppliers still ding to minimal support policies, though, including meager electronic access, business-hours-only phone
`support, and no free on-site service Sceptre evert skimps on a money-back guarantee
`
`hl'ik, i • • •' - • • *
`
`IBM ThinkPad
`75sa
`
`T1 TravelMate
`5QOO
`
`1 190-MHZ SYSTEMS
`Aspen Aspenta
`90
`
`WIH95 INTRO BLUES?
`Although there's no
`objective way tot us to
`measure stress many of
`the technical support
`teams we called during
`ttws comparison seemed
`tired and overworked
`Wf catted during the
`week of Aug 24 and a
`few weeks thereafter
`Coincidence' Perhaps
`
`Joday s tottery "fuel
`gauges" give only a
`rough indication of the
`remaining operating
`time and ean sound an
`alarm or force a shut
`down with as much as
`20 percent of usabte
`capacity remaining In
`contrast, smart battery
`readmgs wiH be accu
`rate to wifhm 1 percent
`or 2 percent and wttt
`attow tis*rs to wort
`almost right dasrfTfo
`their battery/last wok
`
`C)rd»: The process of one complete bat
`tery discharge and recharge,
`
`" Cycle life: Useful life of a rechargeable
`battery, expressed as the total number of
`discharges and recharges
`
`Discharge rate: The rate (expressed in
`amperes) at which electrical current is
`withdrawn from the battery
`
`Energy density: The amount of energy
`available from a battery, expressed in
`watt-hours per kilogram (gravimetric) or
`watt-hours per liter (volumetric).
`
`Memory effect: The gradual shortening
`of a battery 's useful life, caused by
`recharging before the battery is com-
`pletely discharged.
`
`Run tine The amount of time a battery
`will operate a specify product before
`depleting the entire charge (otherwise
`known as full depth of discharge)
`
`Setf-dtsdurfe: When internal chemical
`reactions (such as the drying out of
`chemicals) cause the loss of useful capac-
`ity of a ce8 or battery in storage.
`
`Service life: The length of time a bat
`tery shouid provide useful levels of cur-
`rent and voltage when activated.
`
`Shetf life: The amount of time a battery
`can be stored under specified conditions
`and still retain a useful charge.
`
`Smart battery: A rechargeable battery
`equipped with a microchip that collects
`and communicates present, calculated,
`and predicted battery information to a
`notebook computer or ceRular phone
`
`Smart lattery Data (SSD): The infer
`nation accessible across the System
`Management Bus between the smart
`battery and the device.
`
`t Bus (SMBus): A
`serial bus that provides the pathway far
`Smart Battery Data communications
`
`Zeos Meridian
`[Ml latitude
`Sceptre Sound*
`850C
`JKP90I
`Pentium Geld Seties
`fe
`to
`Ree telephone support
`*s
`*5
`*5
`*S
`Telephone support hours* 24 hours per day, 24 hours pet day, 24 hours per day. Weekdays 9 a.m. to 2A hours per day, Weekdays
`7 days per week 7 days per week
`7days per week
`6 pm .Saturday 10 a.m. 7 days per week 8 30 a.m to
`5:30pm.n
`to2pm.ET
`Ijwr parts,
`
`3 years 3 years
`2 years labor
`No
`JO days
`Internet
`
`3 years
`
`3 years
`
`3 years
`30 days
`Mouse B8S,
`CompuServe,
`Internet
`j
`*s "J
`txcefcnt
`tod
`
`No
`30 days
`In-touseBBS,
`CompuServe,
`America Online.
`Internet
` **
`mg?' •'
`m
`Very Good
`Safctwwy
`
`t j*
`
`No
`
`In-house B8S,
`CompuServe,
`America Online,
`Prodigy, Interne!
`
`Good
`W
`
`*».
`Satisfactory
`tery Good
`
`S years parts,
`1 year tabor
`1 year
`30 days
`lrt-houseB6S,
`CompuServe,
`America Online,
`Prodigy, Internet
`*s
`Excellent
`Good
`
`No
`None
`Mouse 88S
`
`*s
`Satisfactory
`tod
`
`Warranty penal
`(pats and Mm)
`free on-site service
`Money-back guarantee
`On-line support
`V
`
`Fax-back support
`Support policies scoie
`
`TT»(jamftaePT - haf* time
`
`Benchmarks
`
`Live fast, die young
`The systems that performed best in our applications suite generally ofered the shortest battery life
`Battery life
`Tmtes HI houn:mmutes.seamih
`
` tlu* Mu. on M an
`I touoert iUntoo
`lltefcpM'tpoaa.-MifmemiKaiwMiMhwbMMyM.SNpigtTOfariiioivnlonMllon
`
`7S IHfOWORlD OCTOBER 2,1995
`
`Exhibit 1018, Page 003