[51]
`
`[52] U.S.Cl.
`
`Int. Cl} ..................... A01N 37/12; AOIN 31/02;
`AOIN 43/58
`. .......................................... 71/78;?I/92;
`71/111; 71/122
`{53] Field of Search .................................... 71/78, 111
`_
`References and
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`3 128 I70 4/1964 Plant
`. 11,111
`
`3,253,904
`5/1966 Harrison .
`71/111
`
`3.326,6t’14 6/1967 Tso ..............
`T1/2.6
`................................ 71/73
`3,435,755
`4/1969 Tso et a1.
`
`[56]
`
`United States Patent
`
`[19]
`
`[in
`
`4,404,016
`
`
`Zinninger et al.
`145]
`Sep. 13, 1983
`
`[S4] COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR
`CONTROLLING GROWTH OF TOBACCO
`SUCKERS
`
`{75]
`
`Inventors: Thomas C. Zinninger; Joseph Deli,
`both of Pittsburgh. Pa.
`
`[73] Assignee:
`
`PPG Industries, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa.
`
`_
`[21] APP“ “1°“ 3064"“
`[22] Filed:
`Sep. 28, 1981
`
`4,047,925 9/1977 Barer
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`71/78
`
`944570 12/1963 United Kingdom
`
`71/1316.
`
`1
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Shell Int. Rea, "Concentrated oil, etc,” (1980), CA 94,
`No. 734201.. (1931).
`Pilmenshtein at 211., “Freeze resistance, e1c.,“(l976),CA
`91, No. 135,587w., (1979).
`
`Pn‘mmj/ Examiner—Glamor: H. Hollrah
`Attorney, Agent. or Firm—Edward J. Whitfield
`
`ABSTRACT
`[57]
`Sucker growth on tobacco plants is controlled by ap-
`plying to the topped plants, after application of a
`contact sucker control agent or a contact and a systemic
`sucker control agent, a solution of 'alkyl N-(halo-
`phenyl)carbamate, e.g., CIPC. in alkylene glycol, e.g.,
`Clhylene 311ml-
`
`4 Claims, No Drawings
`
`1,4 GROUP, INC.
`1,4 GROUP, INC.
`Exhibit 1015
`Exhibit 1015
`Page 0001
`Page 0001
`
`

`

`l
`
`4,404,016
`
`.
`
`2
`are C5 to C13 saturated fatty alcohols, for example, n—
`hexanol,
`nnoctanol, n-decanol, n-dodecanol, n-tet-
`radecanol, n-hexadecano] or mixtures thereof. About 5
`to 7 days after application of contact sucker control
`agent. the composition of this invention is applied as
`before described, which effectively inhibits further
`growth of suckers.
`If extended sucker control through the harvest season
`is desired, a commercial contact sucker control agent is
`applied when about 50 percent of the plants have
`reached the button stage of flower development. About
`5 to 7 days after application of contact sucker control
`agent the plants are topped and conventidnal systemic
`sucker control agent is applied. Maleic hydrazide is, as
`beforesaid, the most widely used systemic sucker con-
`trol agent. About 7 to 10 days following application of
`systemic sucker control agent. the composition of this
`invention is applied in the manner described herein-
`above, which effectively inhibits further growth of
`suckers.
`The efficacy of a preferred composition of this inven-
`tion in controlling sucker growth on tobacco plants is
`illustrated by the following Examples.
`EXAMPLE I
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR
`CONTROLLING GROWTH OF TOBACCO
`SUCKERS
`'
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention relates to a chemical composition and
`method of controlling,
`i.e., inhibiting,
`the growth of
`suckers on tobacco plants. Sucker growth on tobacco
`plants is typically controlled by one or more periodic
`applications of contact sucker control agent, e.g., satu-
`rated fatty alcohol, to the plant, after topping which
`treatment is usually followed by one or more periodic
`applications of systemic sucker control agent, e. g., ma~
`leic hydrazide. Although this mode of treatment pro-
`vides satisfactory sucker control,
`the tobacco plants
`have been found to contain undesirably high residues of
`maleic hydrazide, which is a suspected carcinogen.
`Alkyl N-(halophenyl)carbamates, e.g., isopropyl N-
`(3-chlorophenyl) carbarnate, are known to provide sat-
`isfactory control of sucker growth; however, when
`applied to typical sucker controlling amounts,
`these
`materials ordinarily cause deformation, i.e., puckering,
`of the tobacco plant leaf.
`DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
`
`i.e.,
`This invention provides means for controlling,
`inhibiting, the growth of tobacco suckers, by applying
`to topped tobacco plants,
`that have been previobsly
`treated with contact sucker control agent, e.g., satu—
`rated fatty alcohol. a liquid composition comprising an
`alkylene glycol solution of alkyl N-(halophenyl}carba-
`mate,
`e.g.,
`isOpropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate.
`The quantity of alky N-(halopheny1)carbamate in the
`composition may vary over a wide range. for example,
`from about 1.0 percent by weight up to the maximum
`solubility of the carbarnate in the alkylene glycol. For
`example, the solubility of isopropyl N-(J-chlorophenyl)
`carbamate {CIPC} in monoethylene glycol
`is about
`0.156 gram per milliliter at ambient temperature. Typi-
`cally the composition contains from about 8 to 14 per-
`cent by weight and preferably from about 12 to 14 per
`cent by weight carbamate based on weight of alkylene
`glycol. Suitable alkylene glycols for use in accordance
`with this invention include ethylene glycol, propylene
`glycol, or mixtures of ethylene and propylene glycol.
`The composition of this invention is typically applied
`to topped tobacco plants by forming an aqueous emul-
`sion of the composition in the presence of a suitable
`wetting or emulsifying agent and spraying onto the
`upper parts of the topped tobacco plants. The rate of
`application of the composition of this invention will, of
`course, depend on several factors, such as, for example,
`the stage of plant growth, the density of plant growth.
`soil and climatic conditions, and the like. In general the
`rate of application is determined by the plant density,
`i.e.,
`the number of plants per acre, which typically
`ranges from about 5,000 to 8,000 plants per acre. Typi-
`cally sufficient composition of this invention is applied
`so as to provide from about 10 to about 200 milligrams
`and preferably from about 20 to 100 milligrams of car-
`bamate compound per tobacco-plant.
`In a typical practice of this invention, the tobacco
`plants are topped when they reach the full-flower stage,
`any suckers are removed by hand, and commercial
`contact sucker control agent is applied in conventional
`fashion, e.g., by spraying an aqueous emulsion onto the
`plants. Commonly used contact sucker control agents
`
`A formulation was prepared containing 12.0 percent
`by weight of isopropyl N~(3-chlorophenyljcarbamate
`(CIPC), 80.5 weight percent of monoethylene glycol
`and 7.5 weight percent of “Atlas G-3300", a commer-
`cial emulsifying agent obtained from Imperial Chemi-
`cals Industry Ltd. The formulation had a specific grav-
`ity of LNG and contained 1.12 pounds per gallon (134
`grams per liter) of isopropyl N—(3-chlorophenyl) carba—
`mate.
`
`.
`
`EXAMPLE 11
`
`Tests were conducted under the auspices of the Re-
`gional Tobacco Growth Regulator Committee at vari-
`ous locations in the southeastern United States, under
`actual field conditions. to determine the relative sucker
`control effectiveness on flue-cured tobaccos of ccnven~
`tional chemical
`treatments and chemical
`treatments
`employing a formulation of this invention, i.e., the for-
`mulation prepared as described in Example I. More
`particularly,
`the following types of treatment were
`compared.
`involved sequential
`(a) FA/FA—This treatment
`spraying of an aqueous emulsion of a commercial
`contact sucker control agent, namely, Off-Shoot T-SS, a
`fatty alcohol formulation manufactured by Proctor &
`Gamble. In the first stage of the treatment, untopped
`tobacco plants, in the early to late bud stage of flower
`development, were sprayed with a 3 to 4 percent aque—
`ous emulsion so as to apply from 0.8 to 1.2 milliliters of
`said undiluted formulation per tobacco plant. The
`plants were permitted to develop to the early to full
`flower stage when they were topped and Sprayed a
`second time with a 3 to 4 percent aqueous emulsion of
`said formulation so as to again deposit from 0.8 to 1.2
`milliliters of undiluted formulation on the upper portion
`of each topped plant.
`(b) FA/KMH—This treatment involved spraying of
`3 to 4 percent aqueous emulsion of the contact fatty
`alcohol sucker control formulation as described in para-
`graph (a) onto untopped plants in the early to late bud
`stage so as to deposit from 0.8 to 1.2 milliliters of undi-
`luted formulation on each untopped plant. After the
`
`45
`
`SB
`
`55
`
`65
`
`1,4 GROUP, INC.
`1,4 GROUP, INC.
`Exhibit 1015
`Exhibit 1015
`Page 0002
`Page 0002
`
`

`

`3
`plants developed to the early to full flower stage, the
`plants were topped and treated by spraying a systemic
`sucker control agent, namely, a 3.2 to 4.3 percent aque-
`ous emulsion of “Royal MH—30“ (a commercially avail— 5
`able formulation of maleic hydrazide potassium sail) so
`as to deposit about 170 milligrams of maleic hydrazide
`on the upper portion of each topped plant.
`(0) FA/I—This treatment involved spraying ofa 3 to
`4 percent aqueous emulsion of the contact fatty alcohol
`sucker control formulation as described in paragraphs
`(a) and (b) onto untopped plants in the early to late bud
`stage so as to deposit from 0.8 to 1.2 milliliters or undi~
`lutcd formulation on each untopped plant. After the 15
`plants deveIOped to the early to full flower stages, the
`plants were topped and treated by spraying an about 5
`percent aqueous emulsion of the formulation prepared
`as described in Example I onto their upper parts so as to 20
`deposit about ISO milligrams of isopropyl N-(3-chloro-
`phenyl)carbamate on each plant.
`(d) FA/0.5 KMH/I—The first two steps of this treat-
`
`10
`
`30
`
`ment were carried out as described in paragraph (c) 25
`except that one half the amount of maleic hydrazide,
`i.e., about 85 milligrams, was applied to each plant.
`From 5 to 7 days after application of the maleic hydra-
`zide, the plants were sprayed with an about 5 percent
`aqueous emulsion of the formulation prepared as de-
`scribed in Example I, so as to deposit about 150 milli—
`grams of isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate on
`each plant.
`(e) TNS—Each of the above-described modes of 35
`treatment was evaluated against a control plot in which
`the tobacco plants were topped but which was not
`treated with any sucker control chemical or chemicals.
`The treated and untreated tobacco plants were evalu- 4g
`ated for extent of sucker control. leaf yield per acre and
`perhaps, most importantly, the acre index which is the
`dollar value of the leaf expressed in dollars per acre.
`The following Table presents the comparative Acre
`Indices expressed in dollars per acre of the untreated
`and treated tobacco crops at various test sites.
`
`45
`
`4,404,016
`
`4
`
`ACRE INDEX. SKA
`
`FAIGJ
`LOCATION TNS
`FAXFA
`FA/KMH FAN
`KMHXI
`
`A
`2?02
`—
`2763
`28?!)
`—-
`B
`296]
`—
`4009
`4-043
`_
`C
`23"05
`—
`4538
`488.1
`—
`D
`2209
`n—
`3515
`31'88
`~—
`E
`2186
`3] M
`3310
`—
`3463
`F
`3221
`3915
`3916
`—
`4-021
`G
`249?
`.1813
`4430
`—
`45] 7
`
`As shown by the foregoing, the treatments wherein a
`formulation of the invention was employed (FA/I and
`FA/D.5 KMH/I) in all instances resulted in a higher
`acre index than conventional treatments involving se-
`quential treatment with fatty alcohol contact control
`agent (FA/FA) and sequential
`treatment with fatty
`alcohol contact control agent and maleic hydrazide
`systemic control agent (FA/KMH).
`Although the invention has been described in consid-
`erable detail by the foregoing, it is to be understood that
`the invention be so limited, since many variations may
`be made therein by those skilled in the art without de-
`parting from the spirit and sc0pe thereof, except as
`appears in the appended claims.
`We claim:
`
`1. In a method of comrolling the growth of suckers
`on tobacco plants by sequentially treating the plants
`with one or more applications of Cr, to Cu; saturated
`fatty alcohol followed by one or more applications of
`maleic hydrazide wherein the improvement resides in
`applying to the topped plants, following application of
`either said fatty alcohol or maleic hydrazide, an effec-
`tive sucker controlling amount of a solution of isopro~
`pyl N-(3 chlorophenyl) carbamate in alkylene glycol so
`as to provide from abcut 10 to abom 200 milligrams of
`carbamate compound per tobacco plant.
`2. The process of claim 1 wherein the alkylene glycol
`is selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or
`mixtures thereof.
`3. The process of claim 2 wherein the alkylene glycol
`is ethylene glycol.
`4. The process of claim 1 wherein sufficient solution
`is applied so as to provide from about 20 to 100 milli-
`grams of carbamate compound per tobacco plant.
`t
`t
`t
`It
`t
`
`50
`
`55
`
`65
`
`1,4 GROUP, INC.
`1,4 GROUP, INC.
`Exhibit 1015
`Exhibit 1015
`Page 0003
`Page 0003
`
`