`
`3,824,094
`Patented July 15, 1974
`
`1
`
`lists the various fatty alcohols used
`Table 1, below,
`in the illustrative examples:
`
`TABLE I
`
`3,824,094
`METHOD OF INHIBITING THE GROWTH OF
`TOBACCO SUCKERS
`5 Com osltlon
`Tien C. Tao, Beltsville, and George L. Stefieus, Silver
`Fatty alcohols
`Spring, Md. assianors to the United States of America . mm ar
`as “Pl-wanna by the Secrtlnr) Of Agriculture
`I
`'
`L-.—...--__.. 99‘}! Ca (n-octanol), 0.3% Can (n-decanol).
`N0 Drawing. Filed Mar. 26, 1965; SET. Nth 443,106
`3............. Elzadtfégnégl-gocancl), 03% Ca (magma). 1.3% O" (11-1
`US CI 71—78
`Int. CL A01”
`11 Claims
`3------------- 97%:
`figdgaflggecaml). 2% Cu (n—tetraaecanoi), 1%
`_.—
`1t) 4- ------------ manila (n-dodeémol). 20% ct. (n-tsnademnon, 5% c.
`(n-hexadectmoll. 1% Cm (newsman.
`Ca n-oetanol}. 8% Cu (n-decanol), 5% On (hexadec-
`ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
`5------------- 55% On (II-demand). 21% Cu (lrtetradocanol), 10%
`onol . 1% Ca (n-hexnnol).
`0............. 40% Cu tdodecanoll. 28% On (n-telradecanol), 15% Cu
`This invention relates to a method for controlling the
`{n-hoxadocnnoll, 7% Ca tn-nctanol). 0% Cm (n-demnol).
`3% Cu (n-octadecanol]. 1% Ca (n-hsxnnol).
`growth of suckers in tobacco plants with certain C3 to
`7 _____________ 54% Ca tn-occenol}. 40% Clo (n-decanol). 4% Cr n-
`C13 saturated fatty alcohols.
`hexanol), 1% Cr: (dodecenol), 1% Cu (n-t—ctrerlecono J.
`
`15
`
`A non-exclusive, irrevocable, royalty-free license in the
`invention herein described, throughout the world for all
`purposes of the United States Government, with the power
`to grant sublicenses for such purposes, is hereby granted
`to the Government of the United States of America.
`This invention relates to a method and compositions
`for controlling the growth of suckers in tobacco plants.
`More particularly, it relates to the use of certain fatty
`alcohols and mixtures to control the growth of suckers,
`as well as to the use of these alcohols in combination
`with certain synthetic growth-control substances.
`In usual practice of tobacco production, when plants
`are near thc maturity stage, the flowers and several ad-
`jacent tap leaves have to be removed in Order to en-
`courage the full development of the remaining leaves
`and to obtain desirable quality. Axillary buds or “suckers"
`consequently will grow after such decapitation (topping),
`and these must he removed continuosly in order to achieve
`the original purpose of topping. Removal of suckers
`or “suckering” is usually done by hand, which is a
`very time-consuming and laborious operation. A number
`of synthetic chemical agents have been suggested and
`tried for this purpose; but while some of them pro-
`vide adequate inhibition of sucker development and are
`in commercial use, other metabolic changes are induced
`.
`_ which are considered to lower the quality of the tobacco.
`In addition, there is some evidence of undesirable residues
`of these agents in the leaf tissue when amounts sufficient
`to achieve adequate control are used.
`An object of this invention is to provide compounds
`which can effectively inhibit sucker development without
`any undesirable side effects on the tobacco leaves. Other
`objects will become apparent
`to those skilled in the
`art from the description of the invention which follows.
`In general,
`in accordance with one aspect of the in-
`vention,
`the objectives are achieved by applying, to the
`upper parts of topped tobacco plants, a C3 to C13 satu-
`rated fatty alcohol, either individually or mixtures thereof.
`Another aspect of the invention relates to the discovery
`that, when these alcohols are mixed with amounts of syn-
`thetic growth regulators which are ordinarily too small
`for effective control, excellent inhibition of sucker de-
`velopment is achieved.
`In the practice of this invention, the fatty alcohol or
`mixture is emulsified in water in the presence of a wetting
`agent and sprayed onto the upper part of topped tobacco
`plants. Although all of the C5 to C13 saturated fatty
`alcohols have been found to be effective, best results
`were obtained with the Cm alcohols.
`The following examples are illustrative of the inven-
`tion. It will be readily apparent from the widely-varying
`compositions that substantially any individual alcohol or
`mixture of alcohols within the C5 to C“; range will achieve
`sucker control.
`
`EXAMPLE 1
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`I or 2 ml. of Composition No. l, substantially pure
`(99%) n-octanol was mixed with 0.24 to 0.45 ml. of
`a wetting agent, made up to 30 ml. with water, emulsi-
`fied, and then sprayed onto the tap of the decapitated
`plant. The area covered by spraying was about eight
`inches in diameter. This solution was permitted to drain
`down along the stern of
`the plant. This application
`(1 ml.) gave 100% sucker control of Maryland Catterton
`tobacco grown at Marlboro, Md, and an average of 83%
`(1 ml.) and 91% (2 ml.) of sucker control, of four
`types of tobacco grown at Beltsville, Md.
`EXAMPLE 2
`
`l or 2 ml. of Composition No. 2, containing about
`97% n-decanol was mixed with 0.24 to 0.45 ml. of a
`wetting agent, made up to 30 ml. with water, emulsified,
`and then sprayed as described previously. This composi-
`tion gave 100% (1 and 2 ml.) sucker control at Marl-
`boro, Md, on Maryland Catterton tobacco, and an
`average of 92% (1 m1.) and 95% (2 ml.) sucker con-
`trol of four types tobacco grown at Beltsville, Md.
`EXAMPLE 3
`
`l or 2 ml. of Composition No. 3, containing about
`97% n-dodecanol was mixed with 0.24 to 0.45 ml. of
`a wetting agent, made up to 30 ml. with water, emulsi-
`fied, and then Sprayed as described previously. This com-
`position gave 99.4% (1 ml.) sucker control at Marlboro,
`-Md., on Maryland Catterton tobacco, and an average of
`46% (1 ml.) and 70% (2 ml.) sucker control of four
`types of tobacco grown at Beltsville, Md.
`EXAMPLE 4
`
`l or 2 ml. of Composition No. 6, predominantly dodec-
`anol, and comprising a mixture of fatty alcohols (1% C5,
`7% C3. 6% C10, 40% C121 28% C14, 15% Cldv and 3%
`Cu). mixed with 0.24 to 0.45 ml. of a wetting agent,
`made up to 30 ml. with water, emulsified and sprayed
`as described previously, gave 91% (1 ml.) and 100%
`(2 ml.) sucker control on Maryland Catterton tobacco
`grown at Upper Marlboro. Md.
`EXAMPLE 5
`
`it, predominantly octanol,
`2 ml. of Composition No.
`and comprising a mixture of fatty alcohols (4% C5, 54%
`Ca, 40% C10. 1% C12, and 1% C1,), mixed with 0.24
`to 0.45 ml. of a wetting agent and made up to 30 ml.
`with water, emulsified and sprayed as described previous-
`ly, gave 99.3% sucker control on Maryland Catterton
`tobacco grown at Upper Marlboro, Md.
`The following examples illustrate the synergistic effect
`produced when the fatty alcohols are mixed with synthetic
`growth inhibitors which, if used alone in effective con-
`
`40
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`70
`
`1,4 GROUP, INC.
`1,4 GROUP, INC.
`Exhibit 1009
`Exhibit 1009
`Page 0001
`Page 0001
`
`
`
`3
`ccntrations, cause leaf deformities and changes in to-
`bacco quality.
`
`'
`
`3,824,094
`
`EXAMPLE 6
`
`4
`2]; and Maryland type, Catterton. These tests were con-
`ducted at Beltsviile, Md. The data represent an average
`of 24 plants from two replications. These data indicatc
`that, although the highest percentage of sucker control
`Emulsions were prepared as described above, using 0.5
`was obtained with Cm material, effective control can be
`ml. portions of Composition Nos.
`1 and 2 to which were 5 obtained over the whole discIOsed range of alcohols.
`'
`TABLE III
`Percent oi sucker control of various fatty alcohols
`Variety, percent
`Conn.
`Average
`Composition
`broed- Barley Maryland
`4 types.
`
`number
`Cum position
`Hicks
`leaf
`21 Catterton
`percent
` Control, topped not suckered .........
`
`0
`0
`9
`D
`0
`Malclc I'lydraelde, 170 mg. {plantn
`76
`91
`95
`94
`8'3
`1 ml. Cs. _.
`88
`67
`88
`BB
`33
`1 ml. Cm"
`T5
`05
`1an
`0!}
`92
`
`I ml. EC”. -
`1 Jill.“I Cu 25 Cu. _
`.. .
`1 1111.55;; 03,40? Clo
`.
`1 ml. 55% Cu. 21% Cu ________________
`.1 ml. 40% Cu, 28% Cu. 15% Cu .......
`2 mI. Ca.
`.
`2 ml. Cio- -
`2 rnl.C12__
`
`2 mi. 54'? Ca, 40% Cut
`-
`2 1111.65793 (311.20%. Cu. -
`
`-- 21:11. 05% Cu. 21% Cu. -.......
`-
`6.................... 2m}. 40% 01:, 28% 011.15% C713.......
`
`.
`
`_
`
`.
`
`
`
`
`
`45
`40
`81
`85
`54
`7?
`'35
`50
`97
`til
`92
`I31
`
`T
`I?
`B?
`78
`12
`B5
`96
`38
`93
`22
`55
`32
`
`70
`9“
`67
`95
`55
`91
`89
`98
`100
`93
`95
`01
`
`I30
`7d
`90
`33
`till
`ll!)
`100
`92
`100
`8?
`08
`92
`
`45
`54
`S)
`3‘1
`44
`ill
`9-5
`70
`98
`{it}
`'33
`69
`
`isopropyl-N—(3-chloro-
`added 15 and 30 mg. of CIPC,
`phenyl) carbamate, per 20 ml. of solution. When sprayed
`on decapitated tobacco plants, 99 to 100% sucker inhibi-
`tion was achieved. The amounts of CIPC were about
`one-tenth and one-fifth, respectively, the amounts of that
`agent normally required to obtain effective inhibition.
`EXAMPLE 7
`
`3311111me
`N0“
`
`From experimental results, fatty alcohols with various
`carbon chain lengths appeared to show little variability
`in their effectiveness on sucker control. Field rating as
`shown in Table 2,
`is a relative evaluation of the plant
`appearance in the field after treatment, as judged by leaf
`damage, general plant development, and other physical
`characteristics, 5 being the highest rating.
`Table III shows the results of fatty alcohol treatment
`on four types of tobacco,
`including flue-cured, Hicks,
`Cigar type, Connecticut Broadleaf; Barley type, Burlcy
`
`From 50 to 100 p.p.m. of CEO were added to 20 ml.
`portions of a 2.5% emulsion of Compositions Nos.
`1 and
`2. prepared as previously described. These were sprayed
`onto tobaeco plants having newly formed flower buds.
`Both the flower buds and axillary buds were destroyed.
`By this procedure it was possible to prevent blossoming
`and to inhibit the development of suckers.
`Table II, below, summarizes the results of tests on
`Maryland tobacco grown at Upper Marlhom, Md.,
`in
`1964, and shows the percent of sucker inhibition by vari-
`ous compositions. These data are average of 40 plants.
`Percent of sucker inhibition is calculated from topped, but
`not suckered, control plants.
`TABLE II
`Fatty alcohols on Maryland tobacco, Marlboro, MEL, 1904
`
`In addition to the naturally occurring even-numbered
`fatty alcohols, odd-numbered fatty alcohols such as n-
`nonyl and related derivatives were also tested. Varying
`degrees of effectiveness in sucker control were observed.
`Without wishing to be boUnd by any theory of why the
`present invention achieves the above-described results, it
`appears that
`the meristernatic and difiertiating cells of
`axillary buds are destroyed when contacted by the fatty
`alcohols, but the cells in the advanced stages of maturity
`are not aliected. Fatty alcohols so used do not damage
`the tobacco leaves when destroying the axillary buds.
`Many fatty acid esters and alcohols are found in tobacco
`leaves and seeds. Thus the application of fatty alcohols
`for tobacco sucker control will not result in the intro-
`duction of substances which are foreign to the compasi-
`tion of the tobacco.
`From the foregoing description of the preferred em-
`bodiments,
`it will be apparent to thOse skilled in the art
`that many changes and modifications can be made with-
`out departing from the spirit of the invention. Thus,
`it
`can be seen that the proportions of the C5 to C13 fatty
`alcohols set forth in Table I may be varied as desired
`or as dictated by the availability of naturally or artificial-
`ly compounded mixtures of these alcohols.
`Having described our invention, what we now claim is:
`1. A method of inhibiting the growth of suckers in
`Field 50
`Percent
`
`tobacco plants which comprises applying to topped to-
`mung
`Treatment
`“mm”
`bacco plants a saturated C6 to C18 fatty alcohol
`in an
`Control
`looped not Suekcred...........
`o .-..___-
`
`amoant elfective to prevent growth of axillary buds.
`'
`é: """" iii Elligfififi [Egfiiggy'cl'lf
`}$
`5'5
`
`2. A method of inhibiting the growth of suckers in to—
`2
`mm 97
`Cm. 0.6 05,139: On.
`100
`4
`
`
`_ }fl_ i? 81:: 57 “3:? first:(iii—133936}_
`i
`iii:
`3'? 55 baceo plants which comprises applying to topped tobacco
`
`00.10% Ca: 8% Cm,’5s% Cn.
`5. ---
`. -1ml 1
`nae.
`4+
`plants a member at the group consisting of a saturated
`3_________ I m?51%"§fi’995:0“MatéCu. 40% Cu.
`91.0
`2.5
`C5 to Cm fatty alcohol and mixtures thereof in an amount
`ac”. 15% Cu 39’0
`effective to prevent growth axillary buds.
`5""""" 2 E9:13?, (1359:?” ‘ 6%;80"“ 40% 0'”
`m
`2'5
`3. The process of Claim 1 wherein the fatty alcohol is
`7_______ 1 ml. 4% ’Ct, 54% be. 40% Gm. :% Cu,
`in. 4
`a 60 applied as an aqueous emulsion.
`7_________ 2m:fc4%. on. 54% 05.40% 01e.1% Cu.
`993
`4_5
`4. The process of Claim 2 wherein the fatty alcohol
`190:
`is applied as an aqueous emulston.
`7"'""" 31:“ 4f C“ 54% 01.40% 0'“ 1% 0‘"
`100
`‘i
`5. The process of Claim 1 wherein there is applied to
`Malclc hydroxide, 170 ngpIant .........
`the topped tobacco plant an aqueous emulsion of octanol.
`03.:-
`5
`6. The process of Claim 1 wherein there is applied to
`the topped tobacco plant an aqueous emulsion of decanol.
`7. The process of Claim 1 wherein there is applied to
`the topped tobacco plant an aqueous emulsion of dodeca-
`no].
`8. The process of Claim 2 wherein there is applied to
`the topped tobacco plant a mixture of Ca and Cm fatty
`alcohols.
`9. The process of Claim 2 wherein there is applied to
`the topped tobacco plant a mixture of Cm and C14 fatty
`alcohols.
`1,4 GROUP, INC.
`1,4 GROUP, INC.
`Exhibit 1009
`Exhibit 1009
`Page 0002
`Page 0002
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`65
`
`70
`
`75
`
`
`
`3,824,094
`
`5
`10. The process of Claim 2 wherein there is applied
`to the topped tobacco plant a mixture of C13, Cu, and
`C“ fatty alcohols.
`f
`11. A method of inhibiting the growth 0 suckers in
`tobacco plants which comprises applying to topped to-
`hacco plants an efieclive amount of a saturated C5 to 5
`015 fatty alcohol.
`
`”Emu” we"
`UNITED STATES PATENTS
`9/1965 Roberts ______________ 71—23r 10
`11/1965 Mihara et a1. _________ 71—217
`5/1952 Money etal. _________ 71—26
`
`3,205,059
`3,220,823
`2,535,375
`
`2,622,976
`2,789,044
`2,876,089
`
`6
`12/1952 Hitchcock ____________ 71—23
`4/1957 Steinmetz ____________ 71—22.?
`3/ I959 Brugman et aI_________ 71—16
`FOREIGN PATENTS
`7/1951 Canada.
`OTHER REFERENCES
`Too et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem. 13 #1, January-Feb-
`wary 1965, pp. 73431.
`
`523,410
`
`,
`_
`JAMESO- THOMAS. 111.. Prunary Exammer
`
`1,4 GROUP, INC.
`1,4 GROUP, INC.
`Exhibit 1009
`Exhibit 1009
`Page 0003
`Page 0003
`
`