throbber
Reply Under 37 C.F.R. § 1.116
`Prioritized Examination (Track 1)- Art Unit 1649
`
`IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`In re application of:
`
`LUKASHEV et al.
`Appl. No.: 13/372,426
`Filed: February 13, 2012
`For: Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis
`
`Confirmation No.: 5998
`Art Unit: 1649
`Examiner: ULM, John D.
`Atty. Docket: 2159.3210002/JMC/MRG/U-S
`
`l<.eply to Fhud Office Action Under 37 C~F.R. § Llt6
`
`MailStopAF
`
`Commissioner for Patents
`POBox 1450
`Alexandria, VA 22313-1450
`
`Commissioner:
`
`In reply to the Final Office Action dated October 12, 2012 ("the Final Office
`
`Action"), Applicants submit the following Remarks.
`
`The Claims are listed beginning on page 2 of this paper.
`
`Remarks and Arguments begin on page 6 of this paper.
`
`It is not believed that extensions of time or fees for net addition of claims are
`
`required beyond those that may otherwise be provided for in documents accompanying
`
`this paper. However, if additional extensions of time are necessary to prevent
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`abandonment of this application, then such extensions of time are hereby petitioned
`
`under 37 C.F.R. § 1.136(a), and any fees required therefor (including fees for net
`
`addition of claims) are hereby authorized to be charged to our Deposit Account
`
`No. 19-0036.
`
`Page 1 of 18
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`Biogen Exhibit 2012
`Coalition v. Biogen
`IPR2015-01136
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`

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`-2-
`Reply to Final Office Action of October 12,2012
`
`LUKASHEV et al.
`Appl. No. 13/372,426
`
`Listing of the Claims
`
`The claims are listed below for the Examiner's convenience.
`
`1-17.
`
`(Cancelled)
`
`1 8.
`
`(Previously Presented) A method of treating a subject in need of treatment for
`
`multiple sclerosis comprising orally administering to the subject in need thereof
`
`a pharmaceutical composition consisting essentially of (a) a therapeutically
`
`effective amount of dimethyl fumarate, monomethyl fumarate, or a combination
`
`thereof, and (b) one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, wherein the
`
`therapeutically effective amount of dimethyl fumarate, monomethyl fumarate, or
`
`a combination thereof is about 480 mg per day.
`
`19.
`
`(Previously Presented) The method of claim 18, wherein the pharmaceutical
`
`composition is administered in the form of a tablet, a suspension, or a capsule.
`
`20.
`
`(Previously Presented) The method of claim 18, wherein the therapeutically
`
`effective amount is administered in separate administrations of 2, 3, 4, or 6 equal
`
`doses.
`
`21.
`
`(Previously Presented) The method of claim 20, wherein the therapeutically
`
`effective amount is administered in separate administrations of 2 equal doses.
`
`22.
`
`(Previously Presented) The method of claim 20, wherein the therapeutically
`
`effective amount is administered in separate administrations of 3 equal doses.
`
`Atty. Dkt. No. 2159.3210002/JMC/MRG/U-S
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`Page 2 of 18
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`- 3 -
`Reply to Final Office Action of October 12,2012
`
`LUKASHEV et al.
`Appl. No. 13/372,426
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`23.
`
`(Previously Presented) The method of claim 18, wherein the pharmaceutical
`
`composition consists essentially of dimethyl fumarate and one or more
`
`pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
`
`24.
`
`(Previously Presented) The method of claim 18, wherein the pharmaceutical
`
`composition consists essentially of monomethyl fumarate and one or more
`
`pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
`
`25.
`
`(Previously Presented) The method of claim 18, wherein the pharmaceutical
`
`composition is administered to the subject for at least 12 weeks.
`
`26.
`
`(Previously Presented) The method of claim 23, wherein the therapeutically
`
`effective amount is administered to the subject in 2 equal doses.
`
`27.
`
`(Previously Presented) The method of claim 26, wherein the therapeutically
`
`effective amount is administered to the subject for at least 12 weeks.
`
`28.
`
`(Previously Presented) A method of treating a subject in need of treatment for
`
`multiple sclerosis consisting essentially of orally administering to the subject
`
`about 480 mg per day of dimethyl fumarate, monomethyl fumarate, or a
`
`combination thereof.
`
`29.
`
`(Previously Presented) The method of claim 28, wherein about 480 mg of
`
`dimethyl fumarate per day is administered to the subject.
`
`30.
`
`(Previously Presented) The method of claim 29, wherein the dimethyl fumarate
`
`is administered in separate administrations of 2 equal doses.
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`Atty. Dkt. No. 21593210002/JMC/MRG/U-S
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`Page 3 of 18
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`

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`-4-
`Reply to Final Office Action of October 12, 2012
`
`LUKASHEV et al.
`Appl. No. 13/372,426
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`31.
`
`(Previously Presented) The method of claim 29, wherein the dimethyl fumarate
`
`is administered in separate administrations of 3 equal doses.
`
`32.
`
`(Previously Presented) A method of treating a subject in need of treatment for
`
`multiple
`
`sclerosis comprising orally administering
`
`to
`
`the
`
`subject a
`
`pharmaceutical composition consisting essentially of (a) a therapeutically
`
`effective amount of dimethyl fumarate and (b) one or more pharmaceutically
`
`acceptable excipients, wherein the therapeutically effective amount of dimethyl
`
`fumarate is about 480 mg per day.
`
`33.
`
`(Previously Presented) The method of claim 32, wherein the dimethyl fumarate
`
`is administered in separate administrations of 2 equal doses.
`
`34.
`
`(Previously Presented) The method of claim 18, wherein the expression level of
`
`NQ01
`
`in the subject is elevated after administering to the subject the
`
`therapeutically effective amount of dimethyl fumarate, monomethyl fumarate, or
`
`a combination thereof.
`
`35.
`
`(Previously Presented) The method of claim 28, wherein the expression level of
`
`NQ01 in the subject is elevated after administering to the subject about 480 mg
`
`per day of dimethyl fumarate, monomethyl fumarate, or a combination thereof.
`
`36.
`
`(Previously Presented) The method of claim 32, wherein the expression level of
`
`NQOl in the subject is elevated after administering to the subject the
`
`therapeutically effective amount of dimethyl fumarate.
`
`Atty. Dkt. No. 2159.3210002/JMC/MRG/U-S
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`Page 4 of 18
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`- 5 -
`Reply to Final Office Action of October 12, 2012
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`LUKASHEV et al.
`Appl. No. 13/372,426
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`37.
`
`(Previously Pn.'St:nted) A method of treating a subject in need of treatment for
`
`multiple S(~1erosis comprising treating the subject in need thereof with a therapeutically
`
`effective amount of dimethyl fumarate, monomethyl fumarate, or a combination thereof,
`
`wherein the therapeutically effective amount of dimethyl fmnarate, monomethyl
`
`:tumarate, or a combination thereof is about 480 mg per day.
`
`Atty. Dkt. No. 21593210002/JMC/MRG/U-S
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`Page 5 of 18
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`- 6-
`Reply to Final Office Action of October 12, 2012
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`LUKASHEV et al.
`Appl. No. 13/372,426
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`Remarks
`
`Claims 18-37 are pending in the application, with claims 18, 28, 32, and 37 being
`
`the independent claims. Based on the following remarks, Applicants respectfully
`
`request that the Examiner reconsider all outstanding objections and rejections and that
`
`they be withdravm.
`
`I.
`
`Summarr of the Claimed Subject Matter
`
`The claimed invention is directed to methods of treating multiple sclerosis
`
`("MS") which involve the administration of, or treatment of a subject with, a specific
`
`daily dose of about 480 rug/day of dimethyl fumarate ("DMF") and/or monomethyl
`
`fumarate ("MMF") (a biologically active metabolite ofDMF).
`
`As demonstrated in two phase 3 MS clinical studies, the claimed methods
`
`produced unexpectedly high efficacy, i.e., 480 mg/day DMF showed very similar
`
`efficacy in treating MS as 720 mg/day of DMF. The magnitude of the efficacy
`
`demonstrated for the 480 mg/day dose was especially unexpected and quite surprising
`
`given the results of an earlier Phase 2 clinical study in which 720 mg/day of DMF
`
`showed statistically significant efficacy when compared to placebo while 120 rug/day
`
`and 360 mg/day ofDMF did not exhibit statistically significant efficacy versus placebo.
`
`See Applicants' prior responses in connection with U.S. Patent Application No.
`
`12/526,296, and the response to the first Office Action filed August 3, 2012 in the
`
`instant application (collectively "the prior responses").
`
`Atty. Dkt. No. 2159.3210002/JMC/MRG/U-S
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`Page 6 of 18
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`-7-
`Reply to Final Office Action of October 12, 2012
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`LUKASHEV eta/.
`Appl. No. 13/372,426
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`II.
`
`APritna Facie Case of Obviousness Has Not Been Established
`
`The Examiner maintains his obviousness rejections of claims 18-37 over U.S.
`
`Patent Publication No. US 2003/0018072 to Joshi eta/. ("Joshi") and over Schimrigk et
`
`al., European Journal of Neurology13:604-6l0 (2006) ("Schimrigk"). Applicants
`
`respectfully traverse both rejections on the grounds that a prima facie case of
`
`obviousness has not been adequately established. See Applicants' prior responses (see,
`
`in particular, response dated August 3, 2012, page 7, line 10 to page 12, line 7).
`
`As appreciated by the Examiner, neither Joshi nor Schimrigk teaches or suggests
`
`using a 480 mg/day dose to treat MS. It is the Examiner's position that a skilled person
`
`in the art, based on either Joshi or Schimrigk, would have engaged in routine
`
`experimentation to arrive at the 480 mg/day dose as claimed, thus rendering it
`
`prima facie obviousness. It is well established that obviousness cannot be based on
`
`selectively picking and choosing from diverse teachings of references, but must be based
`
`on the teachings of the prior art as a whole. See In re Dow Chemical Co., 837 F.2d 469,
`
`473 (Fed. Cir. 1988) ("In determining whether such a suggestion can fairly be gleaned
`
`from the prior art, the full field of the invention must be considered; for the person of
`
`ordinary skill is charged with knowledge of the entire body of technological literature,
`
`including that which might lead away from the claimed invention.") However,
`
`considering the total knowledge available to the skilled person as of the filing date of the
`
`present application, the results of the Phase 2 clinical study would not have motivated
`
`the skilled person to use the 480 mg/day dose since the 720 mg/day was the dose a
`
`skilled person would have expected to be most effective. In light of the lack of prior art
`
`Atty. Dkt. No. 2159.3210002/JMC/MRG/U-S
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`Page 7 of 18
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`

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`- 8-
`Reply to Final Office Action of October 12, 2012
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`LUKASHEV et al.
`Appl. No. 13/372,426
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`teachings directing a skilled person to the claimed dosage (and indeed directing to a
`
`higher dosage), a prima facie case of obviousness has not been established.
`
`In addition, Applicants would like to address the Examiner's understanding of
`
`Schimrigk.
`
`In the Final Office Action (the paragraph bridging pages 7 and 8), the
`
`Examiner justifies disregarding Applicants' remarks concerning Schimrigk's teaching of
`
`using 1290 mg/day of fumaric acid esters (F AE) because the abstract recites a "target
`
`dose of 720 mg/day" in connection with the main treatment phase and a "target dose of
`
`360 mg/day" in connection with the second treatment phase. The abstract does not
`
`reveal to what the term "target dose" refers. The Examiner seems to be under the
`
`impression that the term "target dose" refers to the total daily amount of F AEs
`
`administered to the MS patients. However, this conclusion is incorrect.
`
`In the Schimrigk study, scientists used Fumaderm®, a medication that contains
`
`DMF as well as three different monoethyl fumarate ("MEF") salts, also referred to as
`
`ethylhydrogen fumarates in the study. This is clearly stated in the paragraph under
`
`"Study Drug" on page 605 with Fumaderm forte® containing 120 mg of DMF and 95
`
`mg of MEF. Schimrigk further states that patients were administered up to 6 tablets of
`
`Fumaderm forte® in the main treatment phase and up to 3 tablets of Fumaderm forte®
`
`in the second treatment phase. See page 605, left column, last sentence of the last full
`
`paragraph. Simple additions of the F AE amounts in 6 tablets of Fumaderm forte® lead
`
`to 720 mg/day of DMF and 570 mg/day of MEF - a total of 1290 mg!day of FAE.
`
`Schimrigk may have referred to the DMF dose in the abstract as "the target dose" as a
`
`short hand notation since there was more DMF (120 mg) than MEF (95 mg) in a
`
`Atty. Dkt. No. 2159.3210002/JMC/MRG/U-S
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`Page 8 of 18
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`

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`-9-
`Reply to Final Office Action of October 12,2012
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`LUKASHEV eta!.
`Appl. No. 13/372,426
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`Fumadenn® tablet. But a skilled person in the art reading the entire Schimrigk
`
`reference would have realized that the reference taught administration of 1290 mg/day
`
`F AE.
`
`Indeed, a skilled person in the art would have been aware that Fumadenn®
`
`contains four active ingredients, i.e., DMF + 3 MEF salts. See, e.g. "Summary of
`
`Product Characteristics" for Fumadenn® (also referred to herein as Fumadenn forte®,
`
`"Fumadenn") and Fumaderm® Initial, which is submitted herewith as Exhibit A. The
`
`Examiner clearly acknowledges that Schimrigk teaches the use of a mixture of fumaric
`
`acid esters. See, e.g., Final Office Action, page 7, lines 1-4.1 Importantly, Schimrigk
`
`does not teach that the MEF salts were inert in this study. The Examiner's conclusion
`
`that the predominant active ingredient in Fumaderm is DMF appears to be unsupported
`
`based on the teaching of Schimrigk alone.2 See Final Office Action, page 8, lines 3-5.
`
`No evidence was presented as to why a skilled person in the art would have ignored the
`
`presence ofMEF in the Fumadenn tablets and used only DMF.
`
`In summary, the Examiner has provided no rationale as to why a person of
`
`ordinary skill in the art, based on Schimrigk in its entirety, would have made the
`
`changes necessary to arrive at the instant invention, i.e., (1) DMF+MEF to DMF only
`
`and (2) 1290 mg/day fumarates to 480 mg/day ofDMF or MMF.
`
`1 Applicants would like to point out that Fumaderm (as used in the study described in Schimrigk)
`contains DMF and 3 different MEF (monoethylfumarate) salts, and not "methyl ethyl fll1l1arate and diethyl
`fumarate" as stated in the Final Office Action, page 7, lines 3-4.
`2The two most abundant active ingredients in Fumaderm are DMF and MEF, Ca salt. The ratio
`of the amount ofDMF vs. MEF, Ca salt is 58% (120 mg) vs. 40% (87 mg). Applicants disagree that DMF
`can be considered the predominant active ingredient in a Fumaderm tablet.
`Atty. Dkt. No. 2159.3210002/JMC/MRG!U-S
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`Page 9 of 18
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`

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`- 10-
`Reply to Final Office Action of October 12,2012
`
`LUKASHEV eta/.
`Appl. No. 13/372,426
`
`Contrary to the Examiner's position and for at least the reasons stated here, as
`
`well as those set forth in the prior responses, the claimed method is not prima facie
`
`obvious in view of either Joshi or Schimrigk.
`
`lli.
`
`Even if A Prima Facie Case Of Obviousness Had Been Established,
`Applicants' Evidence of Unexpected Results Would Overcome it
`
`The Examiner acknowledges "[t]he unexpected and advantageous results
`
`demonstrated for the claimed method relative to the other embodiments that are
`
`disclosed in the instant specification are not in dispute." See Final Office Action, page
`
`3, lines 3-5. However, the Examiner continues to maintain that because "neither those
`
`unexpected and allegedly advantageous results nor the particular combination now
`
`claimed are described in the specification as filed" (see Final Office Action, page 3,
`
`lines 5-7; emphasis original), the unexpected results cannot be used to overcome the
`
`obviousness rejection. Thus, it appears that the following two issues must be addressed
`
`in determining whether the unexpected results must be considered for overcoming the
`
`prima facie obviousness rejections (assuming they have been established, which
`
`Applicants disagree): (1) does the specification describe or reasonably convey the
`
`claimed invention to a skilled person in the art? and (2) do the unexpected results have
`
`to be described in the specification as filed for them to be considered?
`
`A.
`
`The Claimed Invention Is Described In The Specification As Filed -
`The Specification Directs a Person Of Ordinary Skill To The
`Claimed Invention
`
`As summarized below, the specification contains ample teachings directing a
`
`person of ordinary skill in the art to the claimed invention (treating MS ""ith DMF/MMF
`
`using a 480 mg/day dose). It is well settled that when considering whether a claimed
`
`Atty. Dkt. No. 2159.3210002/JMC/MRGffi-S
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`Page 10 of 18
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`Reply to Final Office Action of October 12,2012
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`LUKASHEV eta!.
`Appl. No. 13/372,426
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`invention is described in the specification, the totality of the teaching of the application
`
`must be considered (see, e.g., In re Dow Chemical Co., supra).
`
`1.
`
`The Specification Focuses On Trettfing 11fS with DMF and/or
`MMF
`
`The Examiner indicates that MS is disclosed in the description only in the
`
`context of a long list of neurological diseases and that the description does not disclose
`
`"a particular advantage to applying tlie method described therein to MS." See Final
`
`Office Action, the paragraph bridging pages 3-4. Contrary to the Examiner's assertion,
`
`MS is singled out throughout the specification and is clearly not just one of many
`
`diseases in a long laundry list of diseases.
`
`In fact, paragraphs [0001] to [0004] of the background section are explicitly
`
`directed toMS, as well as treatments ofMS available as of the filing date. Additionally,
`
`the abstract lists MS as the sole exemplary disease to be treated. The application also
`
`specifically discloses that the neurological disease can be MS. See, e.g., page 4,
`
`paragraph [0010] and page 25, paragraph [0104]. Furthermore, paragraph [0032]
`
`explains DMF's neuroprotective nature and activation of Nrf2 pathway help form the
`
`rationale for its effective treatment of neurological disorders such as MS. Additionally,
`
`the one animal disease model disclosed in the specification to test the effect ofDMF and
`
`~iF is a generally accepted mouse model ofMS, known as Experimental Autoimmune
`
`Encephalomyelitis (EAE). See, e.g., pages 26-27, paragraphs [108]-[0110] and Example
`
`3.
`
`There is well-established case law holding that guidance or so-called "blaze
`
`marks" contained in the originally filed disclosure, which direct the skilled artisan to the
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`Page 11 of 18
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`Reply to Final Office Action of October 12, 2012
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`LUKASHEV et al.
`Appl. No. 13/372,426
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`claimed invention, are sufficient to describe the claimed invention and to reasonably
`
`convey to a person of skill in the art that Applicants had possession of the invention.
`
`See, e.g., In re Ruschig, 379 F.2d 990, 154 U.S.P.Q. 118 (C.C.P.A. 1967) and Purdue
`
`Pharma L.P. v. Faulding Inc., 230 F.3d 1320, 56 U.S.P.Q. 2d 1481 (Fed. Cir. 2000).
`
`The Court in Purdue notes that "[t]he blaze marks directing the skilled artisan to [the
`
`claimed invention] must be in the originally filed disclosure." Purdue, 230 F.3d at
`
`1326-1327.
`
`There are a number of blaze marks in the instant specification which clearly
`
`direct a person of ordinary skill in the art to use DMF and/or MMF in treating MS. For
`
`example, Applicants disclose (i) a method (method 4) comprising administering to a
`
`mammal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one neuroprotective compound,
`
`e.g., DMF or MMF (see, page 13, paragraph [0063]) and (ii) a specific embodiment of
`
`neurological disease being MS (see, page 4, paragraph [0010]).
`
`Therefore, Applicants respectfully submit that, contrary to the Examiner's
`
`contention, treatment of MS with DMF and/or MMF is specifically singled out and
`
`described in the present application.
`
`2.
`
`The Specification Teaches The Claimed Dose of 480 mgldav
`DMF and/or MMF
`
`The Examiner asserts that "the specification, as filed, fails to demonstrate, or
`
`even predict, any particular advantage to be realized from the administration of a dosage
`
`of 480 mg/day of DMF ... to an indhridual suffering from MS." See Final Office
`
`Action, page 4, lines 18-21. The Examiner further states that "the instant specification,
`
`as filed, fails to suggest any specific daily dosage of DMF or MMF that had been shown
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`Page 12 of 18
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`Reply to Final Office Action of October 12,2012
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`LUKASHEV et al.
`Appl. No. 13/372,426
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`or could reasonably be predicted to be effective in the treatment of MS in particular. Id.
`
`at page 5, lines 12-14. Applicants respectfully disagree with the Examiner and submit
`
`that the specific dose of 480 mg/day is clearly conveyed in the specification to a skilled
`
`person in the art.
`
`The specification discloses a
`
`limited number of progressively narrowing
`
`effective dose ranges of DMF or MMF and discloses the 480 to 720 mg/day dosage
`
`range as the narrowest range for the treatment of a patient with a neurodegenerative
`
`disease (see page 30, paragraph [0116]). As set forth above, MS is a neurodegenerative
`
`disease that is specifically singled out in the specification. Therefore, for at least these
`
`reasons and those discussed above, it is clear that the specification describes and directs
`
`a skilled person in the art to the claimed combination (i.e., using 480 mg!day DMF
`
`and/or MMF to treat MS). See, e.g., In re Wertheim, 541 F.2d 257, 191 U.S.P.Q. 90
`
`(C.C.P.A. 1976).
`
`B. Unexpected Results or Advantages That Inherently Flow From A
`Claimed Invention Must Be Given Significant Weight
`
`As mentioned above, even though the Examiner acknowledges the unexpected
`
`and advantageous results demonstrated for the claimed method, he nevertheless
`
`maintains the obviousness rejections on the basis that such unexpected results are not
`
`described in the specification as filed (see Final Office Action, page 3, lines 3-5).
`
`Contrary to the Examiner's position, the law is clear that unexpected results or
`
`advantages need not be disclosed in the specification as filed. So long as the advantages
`
`or unexpected results inherently flow from the claimed invention described in the
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`Page 13 of 18
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`Reply to Final Office Action of October 12,2012
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`LUKASHEV et al.
`Appl. No. 13/372,426
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`specification, substantial weight must be given to
`
`them
`
`in
`
`the obviousness
`
`determination.
`
`In support of his position, the Examiner relied on two cases, In re Lundberg, 253
`
`F.2d 244, 117 U.S.P.Q. 190 (C. C.P.A. 1958) and In re Chu, 66 F.3d 292, 36 U.S.P.Q.2d
`
`1089 (Fed. Cir. 1995). However, neither case supports the Examiner's position that
`
`unexpected results or advantages of a claimed invention must be found in the
`
`specification to be considered.
`
`In the Lundberg case, while it is true that the asserted advantages or unexpected
`
`results were not disclosed in the specification and they were not given weight, the reason
`
`they were not given weight was that they did not flow from the claimed invention as
`
`disclosed in the specification. Rather, they flowed from a feature of an invention that
`
`was not described in the specification. In re Lundberg, 253 F.2d at 247. In marked
`
`contrast, the unexpected results or advantages of the instant invention inherently flow
`
`from an invention that was disclosed in the specification as filed, i.e., 480 mg/day DMF
`
`to treat MS. As such, the unexpected results or advantages presented in the instant case
`
`must be considered. The Lundberg case is clearly distinguishable from the present case.
`
`The Examiner's reliance on the Chu case is equally misplaced.
`
`In Chu, to
`
`overcome an obviousness rejection, the applicant presented advantages that had not been
`
`disclosed in the specit1cation that were based on the location of the catalyst. The Board
`
`in Chu, like the Examiner in the present case, justified its rejection by stating Chu's
`
`"specification is virtually silent on the matter of any purported advantage to locating the
`
`catalyst within the bag retainer" and "does not state that the claimed location of the
`
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`Page 14 of 18
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`Reply to Final Office Action of October 12,2012
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`LUKASHEV et al.
`Appl. No. 13/372,426
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`catalyst 'inside the bag retainer' solves any particular problem or produces any
`
`unexpected result." While the location of the catalyst in In re Chu was disclosed, its
`
`"criticality" was not disclosed. Both the examiner and Board in that case found the
`
`location to be a "design choice." The Board concluded that the specification was
`
`"virtually silent on the matter of any pwported advantage" of the location. In re Chu, 66
`
`F.3d 292, 298 (Fed. Cir. 1995). The Federal Circuit, however, rejected the Board's
`
`holding that advantages must be contained within the specification in order for them to
`
`be considered.
`
`In the instant case, the Examiner distinguishes the present case and justifies not
`
`giving weight to the unexpected results submitted by the Applicants post-filing by
`
`stating that "the instant specification does not disclose the criticality of the
`
`limitations ... nor does it identify the claimed combination as being particularly
`
`advantageous ... " (see Final Office Action, page 6, lines 9-13). First, nowhere in Chu
`
`did the Court state that criticality of a claimed feature must be contained in the
`
`specification. In fact, the Court in Chu simply stated that evidence and/or arguments to
`
`rebut an obviousness rejection do not need to be disclosed in the specification. Id at
`
`299. Further, the Court explicitly rejected the Board's requirement that the specification
`
`must disclose an advantage of the claimed feature to be considered. Thus, the
`
`Examiner's justification for requiring the specification to disclose criticality or to
`
`identify advantageous features of the claimed invention is unsupported.
`
`In fact,
`
`Applicants emphasize the guidance outlined in the MPEP 716.02(f): "[t]he specification
`
`need not disclose proportions or values as critical for applicants to present evidence
`
`Atty. Dkt. No. 2159.3210002/JMC/MRG/U-S
`
`Page 15 of 18
`
`

`
`- 16-
`Reply to Final Office Action of October 12, 2012
`
`LUKASHEV et al.
`Appl. No. 13/372,426
`
`showing the proportions or values to be critical. In re Saunders, 444 F.2d 599, 607, 170
`
`USPQ 213, 220 (CCPA 1971)" (emphasis added).
`
`Based on the relevant section in the MPEP and the case law discussed above, it is
`
`clear that unexpected results or advantages or criticaliiy of a claimed feature do not need
`
`to be disclosed in the specification to be considered. The Examiner must therefore give
`
`substantial weight to the unexpected results, which flow inherently from the claimed
`
`invention of using the 480 mg!day ofDMF to treat MS.
`
`IV.
`
`Addressing the Examiner's Remaining Reasons For Maintaining The
`Obviousness Rejection
`
`In the Final Office Action, the Examiner states that in his VIew the true
`
`unexpectedness of the instant rejection resides in the inoperability of a majorit-y of
`
`embodiments disclosed in the specification. See Final Office Action, page 3, lines 3-10.
`
`As discussed in the Applicants' response to the Office Action filed August 3, 2012, the
`
`Examiner's position is unsupported and no evidence or argument was presented in the
`
`Final Office Action to address Applicants' rebuttal. As pointed out in Applicants
`
`previous response, the unexpectedness of the instant invention is the magnitude of the
`
`effect of the 480 mg/day dose and not simply that the dose is efficacious as expressed by
`
`the Examiner (see Final Office Action, page 3, lines 7-8). Further, no reason was given
`
`as to why the operability of an unclaimed species would be relevant to the patentability
`
`of the claimed invention.
`
`In the instant case, the unexpected results flow inherently
`
`from the claimed invention, and that should be the focal point in determining whether
`
`the obviousness rejection has been overcome.
`
`Atty. Dkt. No. 2159.3210002/JMC/MRG/U-S
`
`Page 16 of 18
`
`

`
`- 17-
`Reply to Final Office Action of October 12, 2012
`
`LUKASHEV et al.
`Appl. No. 13/372,426
`
`V.
`
`Summary
`
`Based on the reasons set forth above and those presented in Applicants' prior
`
`responses, Applicants submit that the present claims are patentable over the art of
`
`record. Applicants respectfully request the Examiner reconsider the rejections in the
`
`Final Office Action.
`
`Conclusion
`
`All of the stated grounds of objection and rejection have been properly traversed,
`
`accommodated, or rendered moot. Applicants therefore respectfully request that the
`
`Examiner reconsider all presently outstanding objections and rejections and that they be
`
`withdrawn. Applicants believe that a full and complete reply has been made to the
`
`outstanding Office Action and, as such, the present application is in condition for
`
`allowance. If the Examiner believes, for any reason, that personal communication will
`
`expedite prosecution of this application, the Examiner is invited to telephone the
`
`undersigned at the number provided.
`
`Prompt and favorable consideration of this Amendment and Reply is respectfully
`
`requested.
`
`Atty. Dkt. No. 2159.3210002/JMC/MRG/U-S
`
`Page 17 of 18
`
`

`
`- 18-
`Reply to Final Office Action of October 12, 2012
`
`LUKASHEV et al.
`Appl. No. 13/372,426
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`STERNE, KESSLER, GOLDSTEIN & FOX P.L.L.C.
`
`. Covert
`Jo
`A omey for Applicants
`Registration No. 38,759
`
`Date: December 12, 2012
`
`1100 New York Avenue, N.W.
`Washington, D.C. 20005-3934
`(202) 371-2600
`
`1621047_LDOCX
`
`Atty. Dkt. No. 2159.3210002/JMC/MRG!U-S
`
`Page 18 of 18

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