(12) United States Patent
`Bull et al.
`
`(10) Patent N0.2
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 8,404,203 B2
`Mar. 26, 2013
`
`US008404203B2
`
`a
`
`a
`
`mall e
`
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`
`,
`
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`
`lZllIlO e a .
`
`6,316,683 B1
`6,319,487 B1
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`_
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`~
`
`(54) PROCESSES FOR REDUCING NITROGEN
`OXIDES USING COPPER CHA ZEOLITE
`CATALYSTS
`(75) Inventors: Ivor Bull, LudWigshafen (DE);
`Wen.MelX“e’ Dayton’ NJ (Ugh
`Patl‘lck Burk, Freehold,
`R
`Samuel Boorse, Sk111man,NJ (US);
`William M. JagloWski, West Orange, NJ
`(US); Gerald S. Koermer, Basking
`Rldge’ NJ ms)’ Ahmad Mom"
`PI'IIIC'BIOII,
`Joseph A. Patchett,
`Baskmg R1dge,NJ (US); Joseph C.
`Dettling, Howell, NJ (US); Matthew T.
`'
`Candle’ Hamlhon’ NJ (Us)
`(73) Assignee: BASF Corporation, Florham Park, NJ
`(US)
`
`-
`
`_
`
`-
`
`-
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U'S'C' 154(1)) by 0 days‘
`(21) Appl. No.: 12/480,360
`_
`(22) Flledi
`(65)
`
`Jllll- 8, 2009
`Prior Publication Data
`
`5/1996 Speronello et a1.
`5,516,497 A
`2219;919:1151
`2
`3/1998 Nakatsuji et a1.
`5,733,837 A
`2 lg;
`llg?da et
`l
`6,162,415 A 12/2000 Liu etal.
`Burk et 31‘
`11/2001 Janssen et al.
`11/2001 Liu et al.
`et it'll
`5/2002 Fung et al.
`1/2003 Fung et a1‘
`5/2003 Fischer et a1.
`6/2003 Abe et a1. 1
`8 2003 Brown eta .
`2/2004 Mertens et a1.
`2/2004 Mertens et al.
`3/2004 Zones et al.
`12/2005 Verduijn et a1.
`3/2006 Mertens et a1.
`15am et r111.
`2/2007 Tran etal.
`7,182,927 B2
`6/2007 Patchett et al.
`7,229,597 B2
`7,601,662 B2 10/2009 Bull et a1.
`2001/0038812 A1 11/2001 YavuZ et al.
`(Continued)
`
`me a.
`
`,
`
`,
`
`6,395,674 B1
`6,503,863 B2
`6,569,394 B2
`6,576,203 B2
`6,606,856 B1
`6,685,905 B2
`6,696,032 B2
`6,709,644 B2
`6,974,889 Bl
`7,014,827 B2
`
`,
`
`,
`
`ao eta .
`
`US 2009/0285737 A1
`
`Nov. 19, 2009
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`.
`.
`Related US. Application Data
`(62) Division of application No. 12/038,423, ?led on Feb.
`27, 2008, noW Pat. No. 7,601,662.
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/891,835, ?led on Feb.
`27’ 2007'
`(51) Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`B01D 53/56
`(2006.01)
`B01D 53/94
`(52) us. Cl. ................... .. 423/213.5; 423/177; 423/212;
`423013 2. 423/213 7. 423/235. 423/239 1.
`'
`’
`'
`’
`’ 423039‘
`_
`'
`_
`_
`(58) Field of Classi?cation Search ................ .. 423/212,
`4230132, 2135’ 235’ 2391’ 2392’ 177’
`423/2137
`See application ?le for complete search history.
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`(56)
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`_
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`
`Primary Examiner * Elizabeth Wood
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Melanie L. BroWn; Scott S.
`Servilla; Servilla Whitney
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`Zeolite catalysts and systems and methods for preparing and
`using Zeolite catalysts having the CHA crystal structure are
`disclosed. The catalysts can be used to remove nitrogen
`oxides from a gaseous medium across a broad temperature
`range and exhibit hydrothermal stable at high reaction tem
`peratures. The Zeolite catalysts include a Zeolite carrier hav
`ing a silica to alumina ratio from about 15:1 to about 256:1
`and a copper to aluminum ratio from about 0.25:1 to about
`1:1.
`
`31 Claims, 11 Drawing Sheets
`
`Umicore AG & Co. KG
`Exhibit 1101
`Page 1 of 27
`
`

`

`US 8,404,203 B2
`Page 2
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`

`

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`Umicore AG & Co. KG
`Exhibit 1101
`Page 3 of 27
`
`

`

`US 8,404,203 B2
`Page 4
`
`Misono, Makoto, “Catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides by bifunc
`tional catalysts”, Baltzer Science Publishers vol. 2, No. 2 Dec. 1998,
`24 pgs.
`Palella, B. I. et al., “On the hydrothermal stability of CuAPSO-34
`mircoporous catalysts for N20 decomposition: a comparison With
`CuZSM-5”, Journal ofCatalysis 21 7 2003, 100-106.
`Prakash, A M. et al., “Synthesis of SAPO-34: High Silicon Incorpo
`ration in the Presence of Morpholine as Template”, J Chem. Soc.
`Faraday Trans. 1994, 90(15) 1994, 2291-2296.
`Rebrov, E. V. et al., “Development of the Kinetic Model of Platinum
`Catalyzed Ammonia Oxidation in a Microreactor”, Chemical Engi
`neering Journal 90 2002, 61-76.
`Torre-Abreu, C. et al., “Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO on
`Copper-Exchanged Zeolites: The Role of the Structure of the Zeolite
`in the Nature of Copper-Active Sites”, Catalysis Today 54 1999,
`407-418.
`Treacy, M.M. J. et al., “Proceedings of the 12th International Zeolite
`Conference”, Materials Research Society Conference Proceedings
`IVJul. 5-10, 1998, 6.
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`Co-SAPO-34; A Periodic DFT Study”, J Phys. Chem C 2008 2008,
`2632-2639.
`Watanabe, Yoshihide et al., “Multinuclear NMR Studies on the Ther
`mal Stability of SAPO-34”, Journal ofCatalysis 1993, 430-436 pgs.
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`engines With respect to future emission legislation”, Diesel Engine
`Technology 96 May 1993, 13 pgs.
`Declaration by Gabriele Centi, PH.D, 48 pgs.
`Declaration by Johannes A. Lercher, PH.D., 13 pgs.
`Declaration by Wolfgang Strehlau, PH.D., 18 pgs.
`Third Party Comments After Patent OWner’s Response After ACP
`Under 37 CFR 1.951, dated Jan. 18, 2012, 40 pgs.
`Non-Final Of?ce Action in US. Appl. No. 12/038,423 mailed Jan.
`13,2009, l6 pgs.
`Non-Final Of?ce Action in U. S. Appl. No. 12/4 80,360, dated Feb. 26,
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`Non-Final Of?ce Action in US. Appl. No. 12/612, 142, mailed Dec.
`29, 2010,26 pgs.
`Brandenberger, Sandro et al., “The State of the Art in Selective
`Catalytic Reduction of NOx by Ammonia Using Metal-Exchanged
`Zeolite Catalysts”, Catalysis Reviews 5 0:4 2008, 41 pgs.
`Breck, Donald W., “Zeolite Molecular Sieves”, John Wiley & Sons, A
`Wiley-Interscience Publication 1974, 7 pgs.
`Cavataio, Giovanni et al., “Cu/Zeolite SCR on High Porosity Filters:
`Laboratory and Engine Performance Evaluations”, SAE Interna
`tional, FordMotor Company 2009, 10 pgs.
`Cavataio, Giovanni et al., “Development of Emission Transfer Func
`tions for Predicting the Deterioration of a Cu-Zeolite SCR Catalyst”,
`SAE International, Ford Motor Company 2009, 1-17.
`Cavataio, Giovanni et al., “Enhanced Durability of a Cu/Zeolite
`Based SCR Catalyst”, SAE Int. J Fuels Lubr, vol. 1, Issue 1 2008,
`477-487.
`Cavataio, Giovanni et al., “Laboratory Testing of Urea-SCR Formu
`lations to Meet Tier 2 Bin 5 Emissions”, SAE International, 2007
`World Congress 2007, 16 pgs.
`
`Centi, Gabriele et al., “Nature of active species in copper-based
`catalysts and their chemistry of transformation of nitrogen oxides”,
`Applied CatalystsA.‘ General 132 1995, 179-259.
`Centi, G., “Review Paper on Zeolites in Corma Treatise”, Zeolites
`and Catalysts, vol. 1, 51 pgs.
`Chang, Russell et al., “Thermal durabiluty and deactivation of
`CuZeolite SCR catalysts”, Johnson Matthey Inc. , 1 pgs.
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`SCR Catalysts”, SAE Int. J Fuels Lubr., vol. 1, Issue 1 2008, 471
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`Cheng, Yisun et al., “The Effects of S02 and S03 Poisoning on
`Cu/Zeolite SCR Catalysts”, SAE International 2009, 7 pgs.
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`Cu-SSZ-16 Investigated by Variable-Temperature XRD”, J Phys.
`Chem C, 114 2010, 1633-1640.
`Fickel, Dustin W., “Investigating the Hi gh-Temperature Chemistry of
`Zeolites: Dehydrogenation of Zeolites and NH3-SCR of Copper
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`Durabiluty of SCR Catalysts”, SAR International, 2008 World Con
`gress 2008, 10 pgs.
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`to Nitrogen over Fe-Exchanged Zeolites”, Journal of Catalysis 201
`2001,145-152.
`Pelella, B. I. et al., “Enhancement of Hydrothermal Stability of
`Cu-ZSM5 Catalyst for NO Decomposition”, Kinetics and Catalysis,
`vol. 47, No. 5 2006, 728-736.
`Pluth, J. J. et al., “Positions of Cations and Molecules in Zeolites With
`the ChabaZite Framework. IV Hydrated and Dehydrated Cu2+-Ex
`changed ChabaZite”, Mat. Res. Bull,, vol. 12 1977, 1001-1007.
`Qi, Gongshin et al., “Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide
`With Ammonia over ZSM-5 Based Catalysts for Diesel Engine Appli
`cations”, Catal Lett 121 2008, 111-117.
`Rahkamaa-Tolonen, Katariina et al., “The effect of NO2 on the
`activity of fresh and aged Zeolite catalysts in the NH3-SCR reaction”,
`Catalysts Today, 100 2005, 217-222.
`Xu, Lifeng et al., “Impact of a Cu-Zeolite SCR Catalyst on the
`Performance of a Diesel LNT+SCR System”, SAE International
`2009, 12 pgs.
`Final Of?ce Action in US. Appl. No. 12/970,582, dated Mar. 26,
`2012, 13 pgs.
`Non-Final Of?ce Action in US. Appl. No. 12/970,545, dated Mar.
`20, 3012, 14 pgs.
`Action Closing Prosecution in US. Appl. No. 95/001,453, mailed
`May 11, 2012,69 pgs.
`“Briefon Appeal-Requester”, Control No. 95/001,453 Jun. 14, 2012 ,
`48 pgs.
`“Declaration (G) by Alexander Green, Ph.D., Under 37 C.F.R. §
`1.132”, Control No. 95/001,453 Sep. 12, 2012 , 8 pgs.
`Non-Final Of?ce Action in US. Appl. No. 13/214,391, dated Oct. 26,
`2012, 37 pgs.
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Umicore AG & Co. KG
`Exhibit 1101
`Page 4 of 27
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 1 of 11
`
`US 8,404,203 132
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` N20make,(ppm)
`
`
`
` N0)dNH3Conversion,%
`
`
`-<>- CuCHA, 2.41 wt.% CuO, fresh, NOx
`
`+ CuCHA, 2.41 wt.% CuO, aged, NOx
`
`-<>- CuCHA, 2.41 wt.% CuO, fresh, NH3
`+ CuCHA, 2.41 wt.% CuO, aged, NH3
`
`-fi- CuCHA, 2.41 wt.% CuO, fresh, N20
`
`+ CuCHA, 2.41 wt.% CuO, aged, N20
`
`150
`
`200
`
`250
`
`300
`
`350
`
`400
`
`450
`
`500
`
`Reaction Temperature C
`
`FIG. 1
`
`Umicore AG & Co. KG
`Exhibit 1101
`Page 5 of 27
`
`Umicore AG & Co. KG
`Exhibit 1101
`Page 5 of 27
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 2 of 11
`
`US 8,404,203 132
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` (ppm) N0x/NH3Conversion,%
`N20make,
`
`+CuCHA, 3.2 wt.% CuO, aged, NOx
`-<>- CuCHA, 2.41 wt.% CuO, aged, NOx
`-0- CuCHA, 3.2 wt.% CuO, aged, NH3
`CuCHA, 2.41 wt.% CuO, aged, NH3
`-1¢r- CuCHA, 3.2 wt.% CuO, aged, N20
`CuCHA, 2.41 wt.% CuO, aged, N20
`
`150
`
`200
`
`250
`
`300
`
`350
`
`400
`
`450
`
`500
`
`Reaction Temperature C
`
`FIG. 1A
`
`A
`g
`8;
`31‘?
`2
`0
`N
`z
`
`Umicore AG & Co. KG
`Exhibit 1101
`Page 6 of 27
`
`
`
`-+- CuCHA, 2.75 wt.% CuO, fresh, N0x
`+ CuCHA, 2.75 wt.% CuO, aged, NOx
`-0- CuCHA, 2.75 wt.% CuO, fresh, NH3
`+ CuCHA, 2.75 wt.% CuO, aged, NH3
`--A-- CuCHA, 2.75 wt.% CuO, fresh, N20
`+ CuCHA, 2.75wt.% CuO, aged, N20
`
`
`
`
`100
`
`90
`
`°\o 80
`:- 7
`0
`.g
`E, 60
`g 50
`(go
`:|: 40
`z
`i 30
`
`0 z
`
`20
`
`10
`
`
`
`O
`150
`
`200
`
`250
`
`300
`
`350
`
`400
`
`450
`
`500
`
`Reaction Temperature C
`
`FIG. 2
`
`Umicore AG & Co. KG
`Exhibit 1101
`Page 6 of 27
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 3 0f 11
`
`US 8,404,203 B2
`
`
`
`-<>- CuCHA, 3.36 wt.% CuO, fresh, NOx
`+ CuCHA, 3.36 wt.% CuO, aged, N0x
`-<>- CuCHA, 3.36 wt.% CuO, fresh, NH3
`+ CuCHA, 3.36 wt.% CuO, aged, NH3
`«ee— CuCHA, 3.36 wt.% CuO, fresh, N20
`+ CuCHA, 3.36 wt.% CuO, aged, N20
`
`
`
`
`
`20
`
`10
`
`:.
`_<_3
`g
`E
`o 50
`‘3, 40
`g
`i 30
`
`0 z
`
`
`
`
`o
`150
`
`200
`
`250
`
`300
`
`350
`
`400
`
`450
`
`500
`
`Reaction Temperature C
`
`
`
`
`
`/ -+- CuCHA, 3.85 wt.% CuO, fresh, NOx
`+ CuCHA, 3.85 wt.% CuO, aged, NOx
`4- CuCHA, 3.85 wt.% CuO, fresh, NH3
`+ CuCHA, 3.85 wt.% CuO, aged, NH3
`—e— CuCHA, 3.85 wt.% CuO, fresh, N20
`+ CuCHA, 3.85 wt.% CuO, aged, N20
`
`
`
`
`
`
`100
`
`90
`
`,,\o 80
`g“ 70
`'E’
`g 60
`g 50
`o
`:3" 40
`z
`y 30
`
`0 z
`
`20
`
`10
`
`o
`150
`
`200
`
`250
`
`300
`
`350
`
`400
`
`450
`
`500
`
`Reaction Temperature C
`
`FIG. 4
`
`Umicore AG & Co. KG
`Exhibit 1101
`Page 7 of 27
`
`A
`E
`&
`I;
`g
`5
`<2,
`z
`
`E
`a.
`9:-
`3
`2
`0
`N
`z
`
`Umicore AG & Co. KG
`Exhibit 1101
`Page 7 of 27
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 26,2013
`
`Sheet 4 or 11
`
`US 8,404,203 B2
`
` 0:8 I :0 .583 $8 E85 8 m
`
`
` 5 5&8: 2.28 g :0 .5808
`
`@h of Q
`
`m .UE
`
`88 88 00mm 88 82
`
`0
`
`NT
`
`Umicore AG & Co. KG
`Exhibit 1101
`Page 8 of 27
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 5 0f 11
`
`US 8,404,203 B2
`
`0 0 8 7
`
`
`
` M .?lv S
`
`m
`
`W K 0
`
`U B
`
`F
`
`0 0 0
`
`0 6.32352.
`
`H 1
`
`G 1
`
`“0 .m
`
`C 0
`"cm .W
`
`0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
`4 3 2 1 00
`
`. . . 5
`- - 0
`
`N 0 DH 2
`0 .W
`
`3
`PM 0 en
`1 MW +9
`8 H6
`S au t .T.
`U 0 CO .m 0 C 5 OT T C
`_ In tl Pu u
`50 528 5% +
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0 no 5
`Time, 5
`
`0
`
`2
`
`FIG. 5A
`
`Umicore AG & Co. KG
`Exhibit 1101
`Page 9 of 27
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 6 0f 11
`
`US 8,404,203 B2
`
`7
`
`7
`
`9
`8
`7
`6
`c»
`E_ 5'
`5:, 4-
`3
`2H
`
`mcu-cHA
`@Cu-Y
`[ZZFe-Beta
`
`2
`Z
`/
`
`I \
`0 \
`STORAGE RELEASE
`
`n %
`COKING
`
`BURN-OFF
`
`FIG. 5B
`
`
`
`
`
`Outlet N (ppm N-atom basis)
`
`600
`
`500'
`
`400-
`
`300 -
`
`200 -
`
`100
`
`‘
`
`150
`
`200
`
`400
`350
`300
`250
`Outlet Temperature (Deg C)
`
`450
`
`500
`
`FIG. 6
`
`Umicore AG & Co. KG
`Exhibit 1101
`Page 10 of 27
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 7 0f 11
`
`US 8,404,203 B2
`
`100
`
`90
`
`o 80
`°\_ 7
`0
`g
`'3, 60
`a;
`g 50
`O
`$L40
`
`:I:
`§ 30
`g 20
`
`10
`
`
`
`
`,
`/ -<>- CuCHA, 2.72 wt.% CuO, fresh, NOX
`-<>- CuCHA, 2.72 wt.% CuO, fresh, NH3
`CuCHA, 2.72 wt.% CuO, aged, NOx
`CuCHA, 2.72 wt.% CuO, aged, NH3
`-1er- CuCHA, 2.72 wt.% CuO, fresh, N20
`00
`mmmznm70wa¢¢mo
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`o
`150
`
`200
`
`250
`
`300
`
`350
`
`400
`
`450
`
`500
`
`Reaction Temperature, C
`
`100
`
`
`
`§_
`9;
`5,
`"-5
`g
`
`U.
`
`9»2
`
`E
`2.-
`2
`*5
`E
`.2
`9“
`:z
`
`
`
`1o
`
`0
`150
`
`200
`
`250
`
`300
`
`350
`
`400
`
`450
`
`500
`
`Reaction Temperature, C
`
`FIG. 8
`
`Umicore AG & Co. KG
`Exhibit 1101
`Page 11 of 27
`
`90
`#5 so
`/ -<>- CuCHA, 3..3wt% CuO, fresh, NOx
`2
`-u- CuCHA, 33.,wt%CuO fresh, NH3
`.g 70
`+ CuCHA, 3..3wt%CuO, aged, NOx
`'5 60
`a _ + CuCHA, 3.30% CuO, aged, NH3
`3 50
`—2r- CuCHA, 3..3wt% CuO, fresh, N20
`£0 40
`+ CuCHA, 3.3.,wt%Cu0 aged, N20
`
`z 30
`g;
`z 20
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Umicore AG & Co. KG
`Exhibit 1101
`Page 11 of 27
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 8 0f 11
`
`US 8,404,203 B2
`
`100
`90
`
`\o
`
`‘1:.
`_<_> 7°
`g 50
`E
`o 50
`"5, 40
`:|:
`§ 30
`
`I’
`
`8’
`
`-<>- CuCHA, 3.06 wt.% CuO, fresh, NOx
`+ CuCHA, 3.00 wt.% CuO, aged, NOx
`-<>- CuCHA, 3.06 wt.% CuO, fresh, NH3
`+ CuCHA, 3.06 wt.% CuO, aged, NH3
`“Av- CuCHA, 3.06 wt.% CuO, fresh, N20
`+ CuCHA, 3.06 wt.% CuO, aged, N20
`
`A
`
`30
`
`-
`
`A
`__ 20 E
`&
`‘5
`- 15 €
`E
`__ 1 0
`0 2'
`
`-- 5
`
`10
`
`A,’ " ‘ \\
`
`_______ _._-A
`
`O
`150
`
`I
`200
`
`\* _ _ _ _ — — — - "
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`400
`350
`300
`250
`Reaction Temperature, C
`
`I
`450
`
`0
`500
`
`FIG. 9
`
`Umicore AG & Co. KG
`Exhibit 1101
`Page 12 of 27
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 9 0f 11
`
`US 8,404,203 B2
`
`19
`s’-
`
`12
`S
`
`ENGINE
`
`:|—>
`
`23
`
`M
`
`26
`l’ MS r24
`25~j
`
`FIG. 10A
`
`ENGINE
`
`:|—I>
`
`FIG. 10B
`
`Umicore AG & Co. KG
`Exhibit 1101
`Page 13 of 27
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 10 0f 11
`
`US 8,404,203 B2
`
`{-19
`
`34
`
`ENGINE
`
`27
`
`I'____S'____I
`
`L ______ __J
`
`12
`
`S
`
`:l—>
`
`<>"<>f23
`
`_.
`
`L
`
`26
`1, MS x24
`25?
`
`FIG. 10C
`
`Umicore AG & Co. KG
`Exhibit 1101
`Page 14 of 27
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 26, 2013
`
`Sheet 11 of 11
`
`US 8,404,203 132
`
`<— EXAMPLE 22A
`
`<—EXAMPLE 22
`
`1.5
`
`>_1
`I:
`‘é’
`I.IJ
`'—E
`
`.5
`
`0
`
`
`
`EXAMPLE 22A—>
`
`.
`
`>—
`I:u:
`E -
`'2
`'
`
`EXAMPLE 22
`
`i
`/
`
`,
`
`400
`
`450
`
`500 550 600
`70(nm)
`
`,
`
`650
`
`700
`
`750
`
`200
`
`300
`
`400
`
`500
`
`714nm)
`
`600
`
`700
`
`800
`
`TETRAHEDRA
`1
`
`PENTAHEDRA
`
`TETRAHERRA
`
`l
`
`wEDRA EXAMPLE 22A
`
`CHA
`
`100
`50
`0
`-50
`100
`50
`0
`-50
`
`ppm
`
`ppm
`
`EXAMPLE 22
`
`Umicore AG & Co. KG
`Exhibit 1101
`Page 15 of 27
`
`Umicore AG & Co. KG
`Exhibit 1101
`Page 15 of 27
`
`

`

`US 8,404,203 B2
`
`1
`PROCESSES FOR REDUCING NITROGEN
`OXIDES USING COPPER CHA ZEOLITE
`CATALYSTS
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`This application is a divisional of US. patent application
`Ser. No. 12/038,423, ?led on Feb. 27, 2008 now US. Pat. No.
`7,601,662, Which claims the bene?t of priority under 35
`U.S.C. §119(e) to US. Provisional Application No. 60/891,
`835, ?led on Feb. 27, 2007, the contents of each of Which is
`hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`
`Embodiments of the invention relate to Zeolites that have
`the CHA crystal structure, methods for their manufacture,
`and catalysts comprising such Zeolites. More particularly,
`embodiments of the invention pertain to copper CHA Zeolite
`catalysts and methods for their manufacture and use in
`exhaust gas treatment systems.
`
`BACKGROUND ART
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`SUMMARY
`
`Aspects of the invention are directed to Zeolites that have
`the CHA crystal structure (as de?ned by the International
`Zeolite Association), catalysts comprising such Zeolites, and
`exhaust gas treatments incorporating such catalysts. The cata
`lyst may be part of an exhaust gas treatment system used to
`treat exhaust gas streams, especially those emanating from
`gasoline or diesel engines.
`One embodiment of the present invention pertains to cop
`per CHA catalysts and their application in exhaust gas sys
`
`60
`
`65
`
`2
`tems such as those designed to reduce ni