International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
`
`Compendium of Chemical Terminology
`
`Gold Book
`
`Version 2.3.3
`2014-02-24
`
`PROL0340430
`
`SENJU EXHIBIT 2317
`LUPIN v. SENJU
`IPR2015-01105
`
`Page 1 of 49
`
`

`
`absorption intensity, l4
`absorption line, 14
`absorption pathlength of a sample
`cell, l4
`absorption spectrum, 14
`absorptivity {obsolete}, l4
`abstraction, l5
`abstraction process in catalysis,
`15
`
`abundance sensitivity in mass
`spectrometry, 16
`ac, 16
`accelerating voltage (high voltage,
`V) scan in mass spectrometry,
`l6
`acceleration, a, 16
`acceleration energy in in situ
`microanalysis, 16
`acceleration of free fall, g, l7
`accelerator in solvent extraction,
`l7
`
`acceptable daily intake (ADI),
`17
`
`acceptor number (AN), 17
`accommodation coefficient, 17
`accretion in atmospheric chemistry,
`18
`
`accuracy of a measuring instrument,
`18
`
`accuracy of measurement, l8
`acenes, l8
`acetals, 19
`acetonides, l9
`acetylene black, 19
`acetylenes, l9
`acetylides, 20
`Acheson graphite, 20
`achiral, 20
`aci-nitro compounds, 20
`acid, 21
`acid anhydrides, 21
`acid deposition in atmospheric
`chemistry, 22
`acid rain in atmospheric chemistry,
`22
`acid—labile sulfur, 22
`acidity, 22
`acidity constant, 23
`acidity function, 23
`acidosis, 23
`acid—base indicator, 23
`actinic, 24
`
`actinic flux S2, 24
`actinism, 25
`actinometer, 25
`action spectrum, 25
`activated adsorption process, 25
`activated carbon, 26
`
`activated charcoal, 26
`activated complex, 26
`activation, 26
`activation analysis (nuclear), 27
`activation cross-section, 27
`activation energy (Arrhenius
`activation energy), 27
`activation in electrochemical
`corrosion, 28
`activation in radiochemistry, 28
`activation reaction, 28
`activator, 28
`active centre, 29
`active medium, 29
`active metal in electrochemical
`corrosion, 29
`active site in heterogeneous
`catalysis, 29
`active solid, 30
`active species, 30
`active state in electrochemical
`corrosion, 30
`active transport in biology, 30
`activity, 30
`activity, A of a radioactive material,
`31
`
`activity coefficient, f, y, 31
`activity (relative activity), a, 32
`acute toxicity, 32
`acyl carbenes, 32
`acyl groups, 32
`acyl halides, 33
`acyl shift (l,2—, 1,3»,
`photochemical), 33
`acyl species, 33
`acylals, 34
`acyloins, 35
`acyloxyl radicals, 35
`addend, 35
`addition, 35
`addition reaction, 36
`additive, 36
`additive name, 36
`additivity of mass spectra, 37
`additivity principle. 37
`adduct, 37
`adduct ion in mass spectrometry,
`37
`
`adhesional wetting, 38
`adiabatic, 38
`adiabatic electron transfer, 38
`adiabatic ionization in mass
`
`spectrometry, 39
`adiabatic lapse rate in atmospheric
`chemistry, 39
`adiabatic photoreaction, 39
`adiabatic transition—state theory,
`39
`
`Index
`or (alpha), [3 (beta), 1
`0t— (B—, y—) ray spectrometer, 2
`0t—addition (alpha—addition), 2
`ot—cleavage (alpha—cleavage), 3
`ct-decay (alpha-decay), 3
`oc—effect, 3
`ot—elimination, 4
`0t—expulsion in photochemistry,
`
`4 (
`
`!-0X0 carbenes, 4
`ot~particle (alpha-particle), 5
`‘A‘ value, 5
`ab initio quantum mechanical
`methods, 5
`abatement in atmospheric chemistry,
`
`5 a
`
`beov, 5
`abiotic, 6
`abiotic transformation, 7
`abso ute activation analysis, 7
`abso ute activity, A, 7
`abso ute configuration, 7
`abso_ute counting in radioanalytical
`chemistry, 8
`absorute electrode potential, 8
`abso ute full energy peak efficiency,
`
`bso ute lethal concentration (LCIOO),
`
`8 a
`
`8 a
`
`bso ute lethal dose (LDW), 8
`abso ute photopeak efficiency,
`
`9 a
`
`bsoiute preconcentration in trace
`analysis, 9
`absorbance, A, 9
`absorbance matching in
`spectrochemical analysis, 9
`absorbed dose of a substance, 10
`absorbed dose, D of radiation,
`l0
`absorbed electron coefficient in in
`
`situ microanalysis, l0
`absorbed electrons in in situ
`microanalysis, l0
`absorbed (spectral) photon flux
`density, ll
`absorbed (spectral) radiant power
`density, ll
`absorber, ll
`absorptance, a, 12
`absorption, 12
`absorption coefficient, 13
`absorption coefficient in biology,
`l3
`
`absorption cross—section, 5, 13
`absorption factor, 13
`
`IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology
`
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`
`adiabatic treatments of reaction
`rates, 40
`adjacent re-entry model in polymer
`crystals, 40
`adjuvant, 40
`adsorbate, 40
`adsorbent, 40
`adsorber, 41
`adsorption, 41
`adsorption capacity, 4]
`adsorption chromatography, 41
`adsorption complex, 41
`adsorption current, 42
`adsorption hysteresis, 42
`adsorption indicator, 42
`adsorption isobar, 42
`adsorption isostere, 42
`adsorption isotherm in
`chromatography, 43
`adsorptive, 43
`advancement, 43
`advection in atmospheric chemistry,
`43
`adverse effect, 43
`aeration in atmospheric chemistry,
`44
`aerobe, 44
`aerobic, 44
`aerobic conditions, 44
`aerogel, 44
`aeromete in atmospheric chemistry,
`45
`aerometric measurement in
`
`atmospheric chemistry, 45
`aerosol, 45
`aerosol hydrolysis, 45
`affine chain behaviour, 46
`affinity chromatography, 46
`affinity of reaction, A, 46
`after mass analysis in mass
`spectrometry, 46
`ageing of precipitate, 46
`agglomerate in polymer science,
`47
`agglomeration (except in polymer
`science), 47
`agglomeration in polymer science,
`47
`
`agglutination, 48
`aggregate in catalysis, 48
`aggregation (except in polymer
`science), 48
`aging (ageing) of a polymer, 48
`aglycon (aglycone), 48
`agonist, 49
`agostic, 49
`agostic interaction, 49
`agranular carbon, 49
`
`air contaminant in atmospheric
`chemistry, 50
`air mass in atmospheric chemistry,
`50
`
`air monitoring station in atmospheric
`chemistry, 50
`air pollutant, 50
`air pollution, 51
`air pollution index (air quality
`index), 51
`air pollution survey in atmospheric
`chemistry, 51
`air quality characteristic in
`atmospheric chemistry, 51
`air resource management in
`atmospheric chemistry, 52
`air sampling network in atmospheric
`chemistry, 52
`air-lift bioreactor, 52
`Aitken particles, 52
`.bedo, 53
`bumin, 53
`cogel, 53
`coholates, 53
`cohols, 53
`daric acids, 54
`-dazines, 54
`dehydes, 54
`.dimines, 54
`ditols, 54
`doketoses, 55
`donic acids, 55
`doses, 55
`doximes, 56
`ert levels in atmospheric
`chemistry, 56
`-icyclic compounds, 57
`iphatic compounds, 57
`iquot in analytical chemistry,
`
`'i]1Sa3§>3.‘-‘Jl-‘a3'.‘-‘I.“a‘>£‘-3.“—‘J5\5!-’>5>9L‘a3A3§£$\557N9
`
`5§393§>3$‘Dh3£‘Ji35!‘—3$>5£‘-3h5!‘a3§>3$‘-33513535553
`
`kaloids, 57
`kalosis, 58
`lanes, 58
`kanium ions, 58
`kcne photocycloaddition. 58
`.l<ene photodimerization, 58
`lcene photoisomerization , 59
`kene photorearrangement, 59
`kenes, 59
`koxides, 59
`koxyamines, 60
`kyl groups, 60
`kyl radicals, 60
`kylenes, 60
`kylidene groups, 60
`kylideneaminoxyl radicals, 61
`kylideneaminyl radicals, 61
`kylidenes, 61
`
`a kylidynes, 61
`a kynes, 61
`a lele, 62
`a lenes, 62
`a lo- in amino—acid nomenclature,
`62
`a,lometric, 62
`a losteric enzymes, 62
`a,lostery, 63
`a lotropes, 63
`a_lotropic transition, 63
`a lylic groups, 63
`a lylic intermediates, 63
`a lylic substitution reaction, 64
`a,ternancy symmetry, 64
`a ternant, 64
`a-ternating copolymer, 65
`a ternating copolymerization, 65
`a ternating current, 65
`a ternating voltage, 66
`a.tocumulus cloud in atmospheric
`chemistry, 66
`a-tostratus cloud in atmospheric
`chemistry, 66
`AM 0 sunlight, 66
`AM 1 sunlight, 66
`amalgam lamp, 67
`ambident, 67
`ambient air in atmospheric
`chemistry, 68
`ambient air quality in atmospheric
`chemistry, 68
`ambo, 68
`Ames/salmonella test, 68
`amic acids, 69
`amide oximes, 69
`amides, 69
`amidines, 71
`amidium ions, 71
`amidrazones, 72
`aminals, 72
`amine imides, 72
`amine imines {obsolete}, 72
`amine oxides, 73
`amine ylides. 73
`amines, 73
`amil1imideS[t)bSl1lCw}, 73
`aminium ions, 73
`aminiumyl radical ions, 74
`amino radicals [obsolete], 74
`amino sugars, 74
`amino—acid residue in a polypeptide,
`75
`2ilIlll]Ol1lt1'6i1€S[obsolete], 75
`aminooxyl radicals, 75
`aminoxides, 75
`aminoxyl radicals, 76
`aminyl oxides [obsolete], 76
`
`IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology
`
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`
`aminyl radicals, 76
`ammonium compounds, 76
`ammonium imines {obsolete}, 76
`ammonium ylides, 77
`ammoniumyl radical ions, 77
`amorphous carbon, 77
`amount concentration, c, 78
`amount fraction, A (y for gaseous
`mixtures), 78
`amount of substance, :2, 78
`amount—of-substance concentration,
`79
`amount~of-substance fraction, x,
`79
`amaere, 79
`amuerometric detection method in
`
`electrochemical analysis, 79
`am ahipathic, 79
`amohiphilic, 80
`amahiprotic (solvent), 80
`amoholytes, 80
`amoholytic polymer, 80
`amphoteric, 81
`am alification reaction, 81
`amplitude of alternating current,
`81
`
`am alitude of alternating Voltage,
`81
`anabolism, 81
`anaerobe, 82
`anaerobic, 82
`anaesthetic, 82
`analgesic, 82
`analogue metabolism, 82
`analogue to digital converter (pulse),
`83
`
`analyte, 83
`analytical function, 83
`analytical instrument, 83
`analytical intercomparison, 84
`analytical pyrolysis, 84
`analytical quality control, 84
`analytical radiochemistry, 84
`analytical sample, 84
`analytical unit (analyser), 85
`anation, 85
`aneroid barometer, 85
`Anger camera, 85
`angle, 85
`angle of optical rotation, a, 86
`angle strain, 86
`angstrom , 86
`angular distribution, 86
`angular frequency, In, 86
`angular momentum, L, 87
`angular overlap model (AOM),
`87
`
`anhydrides, 87
`
`anhydro bases, 87
`anilides, 88
`anils, 88
`anion, 88
`anion exchange, 88
`anion exchanger, 88
`anion-exchange polymer, 89
`anionic polymer, 89
`anionic polymerization, 89
`anionotropic rearrangement (or
`anionotropy), 89
`anisotropy, 89
`annelation, 90
`annihilation, 90
`annulation, 90
`annulenes, 90
`annulenylidenes, 91
`anode, 91
`anodic transfer coefficient, 91
`anomeric effect, 91
`anomers, 92
`ansa compounds, 92
`antagonism, 93
`antagonist, 93
`antarafacial, 93
`anthelmint(h)ic, 95
`anthocyanidins, 95
`anthocyanins, 95
`anti, 95
`anti—Cornpton y—ray spectrometer,
`97
`anti—Hammond effect, 97
`anti— Stokes type radiation
`(fluorescence), 97
`anti—thixotropy, 97
`antiaromatic compounds, 97
`antiaromaticity (antithetical to
`aromaticity), 98
`antibiotic, 98
`antibody, 98
`antibonding molecular orbital,
`98
`
`anticholinergic, 99
`anticircular elution (anticircular
`development) in planar
`chromatography, 99
`anticlined structures in polymers,
`99
`anticodon, 99
`anticyclone in atmospheric
`chemistry, 99
`antiferromagnetic transition, 99
`antigen, 100
`antimetabolite, 100
`antimony—xenon lamp (arc), 100
`antimycotic, 100
`antiparticle, 100
`antipodes {obsolete}, 101
`
`antiprismo-, 101
`antiresistant, 101
`antiserum, 101
`antisymmetry principle, 101
`ap, 102
`apex current, 102
`aphicide, 102
`apical (basal, equatorial), 102
`apicophilicity, 103
`apo— in carotenoid nomenclature,
`103
`
`apoenzyme, 103
`apoprotein, 103
`apoptosis, 104
`apparent lifetime, 104
`apparent (quantity), 104
`apparent viscosity of a liquid, 104
`appearance energy (appearance
`potential), 104
`appearance potential [obsolete], 105
`appearance temperature, Tam, in
`electrothermal atomization, 105
`applied potential, 105
`aprotic (solvent), 105
`aquagel, 106
`aquation, 106
`arachno-, 106
`Archibald's method, 106
`area of an e1ectrode—solution
`interface, 106
`area of interface, 107
`areic, 107
`arene epoxides, 107
`arene oxides, 107
`arenes, 108
`arenium ions, 108
`arenols, 108
`arenonium ions [mm-.»m.1, 109
`argon ion laser, 109
`arithmetic mean (average), 109
`aromatic, 109
`aromatic photocycloaddition, 1 10
`aromaticity, 110
`arrester in atmospheric chemistry,
`1 1
`1
`
`Arrhenius equation, 111
`arsanes, 111
`arsanylidenes, 111
`arsanyliurn ions, 112
`arsenides, 112
`arsine oxides, 1 12
`arsines, 1 12
`arsinic acids, 113
`arsinous acids, 113
`arsenic acids, 113
`arsonium compounds, 113
`arsonous acids, 1 13
`arsoranes, 113
`
`IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology
`
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`
`artificial graphite [obsolete], 114
`artificial neural networks, 1 14
`artificial radioactivity, 114
`aryl cations, 114
`aryl groups, 114
`arylene groups, 115
`aryne, 115
`ascending elution (ascending
`development) in planar
`chromatography, 116
`ash in atmospheric chemistry, 116
`ashing in analysis, 116
`aspirator, 116
`assay, 116
`assay kit, 117
`association, 1 17
`association reaction (associative
`combination) in mass spectrometry,
`117
`associative ionization in mass
`
`spectrometry, 117
`asym-, 117
`asymmetric, 1 18
`asymmetric carbon atom, 118
`asymmetric centre, 118
`asymmetric destruction, 1 18
`asymmetric film, 119
`asymmetric induction, 1 19
`asymmetric membrane, 119
`asymmetric photochemistry, 119
`asymmetric synthesis, 119
`asy mmetric transformation, 120
`asymmetry, 120
`asymmetry potential of a glass
`electrode, 120
`atactic macromolecule, 120
`atactic polymer, 121
`atmosphere, 121
`atmosphere of the earth, 121
`atmospheric pressure ionization
`[obsolete] in mass spectrometry, 121
`atom, 121
`atom—atom polarizability, 122
`atom—bond polarizability, 122
`atomic charge. 122
`atomic fluorescence, 122
`atomic laser, 123
`atomic mass constant, 123
`atomic mass ma, 123
`atomic mass unit, 123
`atomic number, Z, 123
`atomic orbital, 1;/, (/2, 1, 124
`atomic spectral lines, 124
`atomic symbol, 124
`atomic units, 124
`atomic Weight, 125
`atomization in analytical flame
`spectroscopy, 125
`
`atomization surface temperature,
`T, in electrothermal atomization,
`125
`atomize, 125
`atomizer in analytical flame
`spectroscopy, 125
`atom—molecule complex
`mechanism, 126
`atropisomers, 126
`attachment, 126
`attenuance, D, 127
`attenuance filter, 127
`attenuation, 127
`attenuation coefficient, 127
`atto, 128
`attractive potential—energy surface,
`128
`
`attractive-mixed-—repulsive (AMR)
`classification, 128
`attributable risk, 128
`autbau principle, 128
`Auger effect, 129
`Auger electron, 129
`Auger electron spectroscopy, 129
`Auger electron yield, 129
`Auger yield, 129
`autacoid, 130
`auto-ionization in mass
`
`spectrometry, 130
`autocatalytic reaction, 130
`automation in analysis, 130
`automerization, 130
`autophobicity, 131
`autoprotolysis, 13 1
`autoprotolysis constant, 131
`autoradiograph, 132
`autoradiolysis, 132
`auxiliary electrode, 132
`auxochrome [obsolete], 132
`auxotrophy, 132
`average current density, 133
`average degree of polymerization,
`133
`
`average life in nuclear chemistry,
`133
`
`average rate of flow in
`polarography, 133
`Avogadro constant, 133
`avoided crossing of potential—energy
`surfaces, 134
`Avrami equation, 134
`axial chirality, 135
`axial (equatorial), 135
`axialite in polymer crystals, 136
`axis of helicity, 136
`aza—di-mmetliane rearrangement,
`136
`azacarbenes Inbstllctc], 137
`
`azanes, 137
`azenes {obsolete}, 137
`azides, 138
`aZl1'I1l[lCS[obsolcte], 138
`azines, 138
`azinic acids, 138
`azlactones, 139
`azo compounds, 139
`azo imides, 139
`azomethine imides, 140
`azomethine oxides, 140
`azomethine ylides, 140
`azomethines, 140
`azonic acids, 141
`azoxy compounds, 141
`aZyl€H€S1obso1cteJ,
`141
`[3—cleavage in mass spectrometry,
`141
`
`13-decay, 141
`B—partic1e, 142
`back donation, 142
`back electron transfer, 142
`back extraction, 142
`back scatter coefficient in in situ
`
`microanalysis, 142
`back scattered electrons (BSES) in in
`situ microanalysis, 143
`back W1:1Sl'lll]g(obsn1ete], 143
`backbone, 143
`backflush, 143
`background concentration (level) in
`atmospheric chemistry, 143
`background mass spectrum, 144
`background of a radiation measuring
`device, 144
`background radiation, 144
`backscatter, 144
`baffle chamber in atmospheric
`chemistry, 145
`bag filter in atmospheric chemistry,
`145
`
`baghouse in atmospheric chemistry,
`145
`Bainite transition, 145
`baking in carbon chemistry, 146
`Baldwin's rules, 146
`band spectra, 146
`bandgap energy Eg, 146
`bandpass filter, 147
`bar, 147
`barbiturates, 147
`barn, 147
`Barton reaction, 148
`base, 148
`base electrolyte, 148
`base kind of quantity, 148
`base pairing, 148
`
`IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology
`
`iv
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`base peak in mass spectrometry,
`149
`
`base quantity, 149
`base unit of measurement, 149
`baseline error in spectrochemical
`analysis, 149
`baseline in chromatography, 150
`basicity, 150
`basis function, 150
`basis set, 150
`batch in analytical chemistry, 151
`batch operation in analysis, 151
`batch reactor, 151
`Bates—Guggen1ieim convention,
`151
`bathochromic shift (effect), 152
`bead—rod model, 152
`bead—spring model, 152
`beam current in in situ
`
`tnicroanalysis, 152
`beam diameter in in situ
`
`microanalysis, 153
`becquerel, 153
`bed volume in chromatography,
`153
`Beer—Lambert law (or Beer-
`Lambert~—Bouguer law), 153
`before mass analysis in mass
`spectrometry, 154
`}3e1l—Evans—Polanyi principle,
`154
`benchmark dose (BMD) and lower
`effective dose (LED), 154
`bending of energy bands, 155
`Bent's rule, 155
`benzenium ions, 155
`benzenonium ions [obsolete], 155
`benzylic groups, 155
`benzylic intermediates, 156
`benzynes, 156
`betaines, 156
`betweenanenes, 157
`bias error, 157
`biased linear pulse amplifier, 157
`bicycle rearrangement. 157
`bicycle—pedal (BP) mechanism,
`158
`
`bifunctional catalysis, 158
`bilayer, 159
`bimodal distribution, 159
`bimodal network, 159
`binder, 159
`binder coke, 159
`binder in chromatography, 160
`binding energy, 160
`binding site, 160
`Bingham flow, 160
`bioassay, 161
`
`bioavailability (general), 161
`bioavailabilty in pharmacokinetics,
`161
`
`biocatalyst, 162
`biochemical (biological) oxygen
`demand (BOD), 162
`biochip, 162
`bioconjugate, 162
`biodegradable polymer, 163
`biodegradation, 163
`bioelectronics, 163
`bioisostere, 163
`biological effect monitoring, 164
`biological exposure index (B121),
`164
`
`biological half life, 164
`biological monitoring, 164
`biological tolerance values for
`Working materials (Biologische
`Arbeitsstoff Toleranz Werte (BAT)),
`165
`biolurninescence, 165
`biomarker, 165
`biomass, 165
`biomimetic, 165
`biopolymers, 166
`bioreactor, 166
`biosensor, 166
`biosphere in atmospheric chemistry,
`166
`
`biosynthesis, 166
`biotechnology, 167
`biotransformation, 167
`biphotonic excitation, 167
`biphotonic process, 167
`bipolarons, 167
`biradical, 168
`bisecting conformation (eclipsing
`conformation), 168
`bismuthanes, 169
`bismuthines, 169
`bisphenols, 169
`‘Vane in atmospheric chemistry,
`\]O
`aek film. 170
`
`.an1< value in analysis, 170
`aze»ang1e in speetrochemical
`
`;I\_>o‘:J"o‘>-0‘E_.‘,<SY’ _ \]o
`U‘>-O‘U‘O"O"O"D"O‘
`
`caching in photochemistry, 171
`_ocl<, 1 7 1
`ock copolymcr, 171
`,ocl< macromolecule, 171
`ock polymer, 171
`otting in biotechnology, 172
`owdown in atmospheric Chemistry,
`\IJ
`ue shift, 172
`boat, 172
`
`Bodenstein approximation, 172
`body burden, 172
`bohr, 173
`Bohr magneton, 173
`Bohr radius, 173
`bolometcr, 173
`Boltzmann constant, 174
`bomb—digestion in spectrochemical
`analysis, 174
`bond, 174
`bond dissociation, 174
`bond energy in theoretical
`chemistry, 175
`bond energy (mean bond energy),
`175
`
`bond length, 175
`bond number, 175
`bond orbital, 176
`bond order, 176
`bond order pm, 176
`bond—dissociation energy, D, 177
`bond—dissociation energy (BDE) in
`theoretical chemistry, 177
`bond~energy—bond‘order method,
`177
`
`bonded phase in chromatography,
`177
`
`bonding molecular orbital, 178
`bonding number, 178
`boranes, 178
`boranylidenes. 178
`borderline mechanism, 178
`borenes, 179
`borinic acids, 179
`Born—Oppenheimer (BO)
`approximation, 179
`boronic acids, 179
`borylenes, 179
`boson, 180
`bound fraction in radioanalytical
`chemistry, 180
`boundary layer in atmospheric
`chemistry, 180
`bowsprit (flagpole), 180
`branch. point in polymers, 181
`branci (side chain, pendant chain) in
`polymers, 181
`branc 1 unit in polymers, 181
`branc ied chain in polymers, 181
`branc ied polymer in polymers,
`182
`
`branching chain reaction, 182
`branching decay, 182
`branc iing fraction, 182
`branching index in polymers, 182
`branc 1111,‘; plane, 183
`branching ratio, 183
`break of a foam, 184
`
`IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology
`
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`break of an emulsion, 184
`Brcdts rule, 184
`breeching in atmospheric chemistry,
`184
`
`breeze in atmospheric chemistry,
`185
`
`Bremsstrahlung, 185
`Brewster angle, 6 , 185
`bridge, 186
`bridge index, 186
`
`...,
`bridge solution in pl‘? measurement
`186
`
`bridged carbocation, 186
`bridging ligand, 187
`brightness, 187
`brightness of a laser dye, 188
`bromohydrins, 188
`Brooks and Taylor structure, 188
`Brownian motion, 188
`Brnnsted acid, 189
`Brpnsted base, 189
`Brrsnsted relation, 189
`bubble column, 190
`bubbler in atmospheric chemistry,
`190
`
`buffer—addition technique in
`analytical flame spectroscopy,
`190
`bulk concentration in
`
`electroanalysis, 190
`bulk mesophase, 191
`bulk rheology, 191
`bulk sample, 191
`Bunnett—01sen equations, 191
`Bunsen burner, 192
`Bunte salts [obsolete], 192
`burn-up, 192
`burn-up fraction, 192
`burning tension of an electrical arc,
`193
`
`burning velocity, vb of a flame
`frontin flame emission and
`
`absorption spectrometry, 193
`bypass injector in gas
`chromatography, 193
`)(—parameter, 193
`C—terminal residue in a polypeptide,
`193
`
`C. I. P. system, 194
`cage, 194
`cage compound, 194
`cage effect, 194
`Cahn—lngold—-Prelog system, 194
`calcination, 195
`calcined coke, 195
`calibration component, 195
`
`calibration function in analysis,
`195
`
`calibration gas mixture in
`atmospheric chemistry, 196
`calibration in analysis, 196
`calibration material in analysis,
`196
`
`calibration mixture in analysis,
`196
`
`calibration sample in analysis,
`197
`calixarenes, 197
`calorie, 197
`calorimetric titration, 198
`calorimetry, 198
`candela, 198
`ca ionical rate constant, 198
`canonical variational transition—state
`
`theory (CVTST) , 199
`caoacitance hygrometer, 199
`capacitance, C‘ of a plate capacitor,
`199
`
`ca aillary column in chromatography,
`199
`
`capillary condensation, 199
`cautodative effect, 200
`ca ature, 200
`ca Jture cross—section, 200
`ca ature y—radiation, 2()0
`carbaboranes, 201
`carbamates, 201
`carbanion, 201
`carbena [\)1JSt)1'.:1L‘-], 202
`carbene analogues, 202
`carbene radical anions, 202
`carbene radical cations, 202
`carbenes, 203
`carbenium centre, 203
`carbenium ion, 204
`carbenoids, 204
`carbinolamines [obsolete], 204
`carbinols [obsolete], 204
`carbinyl cations {obsolete}, 204
`carbo-reduction, 205
`carbocation. 205
`carbocyclic compounds, 205
`carbodiimides, 205
`carbohydrates, 205
`carbon, 206
`carbon artifact, 206
`carbon black, 206
`carbon cenospheres, 207
`carbon cloth, 207
`carbon dioxide laser (C0; laser),
`207
`carbon electrode, 207
`carbon felt, 208
`carbon fibre, 208
`
`carbon fibre fabrics, 208
`carbon fibres type HM , 208
`carbon fibres type HT, 209
`carbon fibres type 1M, 209
`carbon fibres type LM, 210
`carbon fibres type UHM, 2l()
`carbon loading of the packing
`materialin liquid chromatography,
`210
`carbon material, 210
`caraon mix, 211
`carbonaceous mesophase, 21 1
`car aonitriles, 21 1
`carbonium ion, 21 1
`car aonization, 212
`caraonyl compounds, 212
`car aonyl imides, 212
`carbonyl imi nes lobsnletcl, 213
`car aonyl oxides, 213
`carbonyl ylides, 213
`car3on—carbon composite, 214
`carbotanes, 214
`car aoxamides, 214
`caraoxamidines, 214
`carooxylic acids, 215
`carbylamines [obsolete], 215
`car aynes, 215
`carbynium ions, 215
`carotenes, 215
`carotenoids, 216
`carrier, 216
`carrier atom in organic reaction
`mechanisms, 217
`carrier gas, 217
`ca ‘rier in radioanalytical chemistry,
`217
`
`ca *rier protein, 218
`carrier—free [obsolete], 21 8
`ca ‘ry«over, 218
`cascade impactor, 218
`catabolism, 219
`ca abolite repression, 219
`catalase, 219
`catalymetric titration, 219
`ca alyscd rate of reaction. 5%,.
`219
`
`catalysis, 220
`ca alyst, 220
`catalyst ageing, 220
`catalyst decay, 221
`catalyst in solvent extraction, 221
`catalytic activity concentration, 1:,
`221
`
`catalytic activity content, :/m, 221
`catalytic activity fraction of an
`isozyme, 222
`catalytic activity, ; of an enzyme,
`222
`
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`
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`

`
`catalytic coefficient, 222
`catalytic cracking, 223
`catalytic current, 223
`catalytic dehydrocyclization, 223
`catalytic domain of a polypeptide,
`224
`
`catalytic graphitization, 224
`catalytic hydrocraclcing, 224
`catalytic hydrodesulfurization,
`224
`
`catalytic hydrogenolysis, 225
`catalytic methanation, 226
`catalytic reforming, 226
`catalytic thermometric titration
`[ohsnlctc},
`cataphoresis [obsolete], 227
`catecholamines, 227
`catena—, 227
`catenanes (catena compounds),
`227
`cathode, 228
`cathodic transfer coefficient, etc,
`228
`cation, 228
`cation exchange, 229
`cation exchanger, 229
`cation—exchange polymer, 229
`cationic polymer, 229
`cationic polymerization, 229
`cationotropic rearrangement, 230
`cationotropy, 230
`cavitands, 230
`cavity dumping in photochemistry,
`230
`
`ceiling value (CV), 230
`ceilometer in atmospheric chemistry,
`231
`
`cell constant of a conductivity cell,
`231
`
`cell error in spectrochemical
`analysis, 231
`cell line, 231
`Celsius temperature, I, 6, 231
`centi, 232
`central atom, 232
`centre of a Mossbauer spectrum,
`232
`
`centrifugal barrier, 232
`centrifugal (centripetal) acceleration,
`am, 232
`rot’ “
`centrifugal force, F
`233
`centrifugal radius, r, 233
`cephalins (l(€ph’cLll11S)[nbsnlctc], 233
`cephalosporins, 234
`cephams, 234
`cephems, 234
`ceramer, 235
`
`ceramic, 235
`ceramic filter, 235
`ceramic precursor, 235
`ceramic yield, 236
`ceramicreinforced polymer, 236
`ceramization, 236
`Cerenkov detector, 236
`Cerenkov effect, 236
`Cerenkov radiation, 236
`chain axis of a polymer, 237
`chain branching, 237
`chain carrier, 237
`(chain) conformational repeating
`unit of a polymer, 237
`chain entanglement, 238
`chain fission yield, 238
`chain folding in polymer crystals,
`238
`
`(chain) identity period of a polymer,
`238
`
`chain in polymers, 238
`chain initiation, 239
`chain length, 6, 239
`chain polymerization, 239
`chain reaction, 240
`chain scission of a polymer, 241
`chain transfer, 241
`chain-ending step, 242
`chainvorientational disorder in
`
`polymer crystals, 242
`chain-propagating reaction, 242
`chain-termination reaction, 242
`chair, boat, twist, 242
`chair—chair interconversion, 243
`chalcones, 243
`chamber saturation in gas
`chromatography, 244
`change of a quantity, 244
`change ratio of a quantity, 244
`channel, 244
`chaperon, 245
`char, 245
`characteristic group in organic
`nomenclature, 245
`characteristic in analytical
`chemistry, 246
`characteristic length in thin films,
`246
`
`characteristic mass for integrated
`absorbance, mo in electrothermal
`atomization, 246
`characteristic mass for peak
`absorption, mp in electrothermal
`atomization, 246
`characteristic mass, mg in
`electrothermal atomization, 247
`characteristic potential, 247
`
`characteristic ratio in polymers,
`247
`
`characteristic X—ray emission,
`247
`charcoal, 248
`charge, 248
`charge density, p, 248
`charge hopping, 249
`charge number, 2, 249
`charge number in inorganic
`nomenclature, 249
`charge number n, uc, of a cell
`reaction, 249
`charge population, 249
`charge recombination, 250
`charge separation, 250
`charge shift, 250
`charge transfer transition to solvent
`(CTTS), 250
`charge-exchange ionization in mass
`spectrometry, 250
`eharge—exchange reaction, 251
`charge—inversion mass spectrum,
`251
`
`charge—permutation reaction, 251
`charge—stripping reaction, 251
`charge—transfer adsorption, 252
`charge—transfer complex, 252
`charge—transfer (CT) state, 252
`eharge«transfer (CT) transition,
`252
`
`eharge—transfer device in radiation
`detection, 253
`charge—transfer reaction in mass
`spectrometry, 253
`charge—transfer step of an electrode
`reaction, 253
`charring, 254
`ehelate, 254
`chelating polymer, 254
`chelation, 254
`eheletropic reaction, 255
`chelotropic reaction, 255
`chemioionization in mass
`specerometry, 255
`chemical actinometer, 256
`chemical activation, 256
`chemical amount, 256
`chemical amplification, 256
`chemical bond, 257
`chemical decomposition, 257
`chemical diffusion, 257
`chemical dosimeter, 257
`chemical element, 258
`chemical equilibrium, 258
`chemical flux, (/1, 258
`chemical functionality, 259
`
`IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology
`
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`
`cluster ion in mass spectrometry,
`281
`co-ions, 282
`co—oligomer, 282
`co~oligomerization, 282
`co—solVency in polymers, 282
`coacervation, 282
`coagulation (flocculation) in colloid
`chemistry, 283
`coal tar pitch, 283
`coal-derived pitch coke, 283
`coalescence in colloid chemistry,
`284
`coalification, 284
`eodon, 284
`coefficient, 284
`coefficient of haze (C01-1) in
`atmospheric chemistry, 285
`coenzyme, 285
`eoextraction, 285
`cofactors, 285
`coherence length, 4': in thin films,
`286
`coherent (derived) unit of
`measurement, 286
`coherent radiation, 286
`coherent scattering, 287
`coherent source in spectroehemistry,
`287
`coherent structure, 287
`coherent system of units of
`measurement, 287
`coincidence circuit, 288
`coincidence resolving time, 288
`coke, 288
`coke breeze, 288
`coking, 288
`col (saddle point), 289
`cold neutrons, 289
`col ection, 289
`col ection efficiency in atmospheric
`chemistry, 289
`col ection gas flow system in
`spectrochemical analysis, 290
`col ector in atmospheric chemistry.
`290
`
`col.ector (scavenger), 290
`col,igation, 290
`col imation, 290
`colimator, 291
`col inear reaction, 291
`col.ision complex, 291
`col ision cross—secti0n, rr, 291
`
`col,ision density, Z M, 291
`col ision diameter, d, 292
`col ision efficiency, BC, 292
`
`col. ision frequency, A(A), 292
`
`chirality sense, 271
`chiroptic/chiroptical, 271
`chirotopic, 271
`chloramines, 271
`chlorocarbons, 271
`chlorohydrins, 272
`chromatogram, 272
`chromatograph (noun), 272
`chromatograph (Verb), 272
`chromatographic detector, 272
`chromatography, 273
`chromophore, 273
`chromosome, 273
`chronic toxicity, 273
`CIDEP (Chemically Induced
`Dynamic Electron Polarization) ,
`274
`
`CIDNP (Chemically Induced
`Dynamic Nuclear Polarization) ,
`274
`
`CIEEL (Chemically Initiated
`Electron Exchange Luminescence) ,
`274
`cine—substitution, 274
`CIP priority, 275
`circular dichroism (CD), 275
`cis, trans, 275
`cis conformation in polymers,
`276
`
`<:is— in inorganic nomenclature,
`276
`cis—fused, 276
`cis~trzms isomers, 277
`cisoid conformation [obsolete], 277
`cistactic polymer, 277
`.ass (a) metal ion, 277
`.ass (1)) metal ion, 278
`ass of helix in polymers, 278
`athrates, 278
`ausius, 278
`ay hybrid, 278
`ean surface, 279
`ean up in spcctrochemical analysis,
`
`1000000000\l\O
`
`earance. AV/M . 279
`
`000
`
`.earance in toxicology, 279
`caring point, 280
`CLOGP Values, 280
`c one, 280
`c osed shell molecular systems,
`280
`
`c osed system in spectrochemical
`analysis, 280
`cl0s0—, 281
`c oud in atmospheric chemistry,
`281
`uster, 281
`uster analysis, 281
`
`c c
`
`chemical induction (coupling),
`260
`chemical ionization in mass
`
`spectrometry, 260
`chemical isotope exchange, 260
`chemical laser, 261
`chemical measurement process
`(CMP), 261
`chemical modification, 261
`chemical oxygen demand (COD),
`261
`
`chemical potential, ya, 261
`chemical reaction, 262
`chemical reaction equation, 262
`chemical relaxation, 263
`chemical shift, 6 in NMR, 263
`chemical shift in photoelectron and
`Auger spectra, 264
`chemical species, 264
`chemical species of an element,
`264
`chemical substance, 265
`chemical vapour generation in
`spectrochemical analysis, 265
`chemical yield, 265
`chemically bonded hybrid
`(material), 265
`chemically induced dynamic
`electron polarization (CIDEP),
`265
`
`chemically initiated electron
`exchange luminescence (CIEEL),
`266
`chemiexcitation, 266
`chemiflux, 266
`chemiluminescence, 266
`chemiluminescence analyser, 267
`chemiluminescent methods of
`
`detection in analysis, 267
`chemisorption (chemical
`adsorption), 267
`chemometrics, 267
`chemoselectivity (chemoselective),
`267
`nhnrnncn./:-/~iFir~i1>n ,,,,,_;...1 7 S2
`.........,l,.~e11n,1._, (...m...c..J, ..Vu
`chemostat, 268
`chimney effect in atmospheric
`chemistry, 268
`chiral, 268
`chiral mobile phase, 269
`chiral selector, 269
`chiral stationary phase in liquid
`chromatography, 269
`chirality, 269
`chirality axis, 270
`chirality centre, 270
`chirality element, 270
`chirality plane, 270
`
`IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology
`
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`
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`
`collision number, 293
`collision theory, 293
`collision-induced dissociation in
`
`mass spectrometry, 294
`collisional activation (collisionally
`activated dissociation) in mass
`spectrometry, 294
`collisional broadening of a spectral
`line, 294
`collisional excitation in mass
`
`spectrometry, 295
`colloid, 295
`colloid osmotic pressure (Donnan
`pressure), 295
`colloidal, 295
`colloidal carbon, 295
`colloidal dispersion, 296
`colloidal electrolyte, 296
`colloidal gel, 296
`colloidal network, 296
`colloidal processing, 296
`colloidal suspension, 296
`colloidally stable, 297
`color scale, 297
`colorimeter, 297
`colour indicator, 297
`colourability, 297
`column chromatography, 298
`column in chromatography, 298
`column volume, V6 in
`chromatography, 298
`comb macromolecule, 299
`comb polymer, 299
`combination electrode, 299
`combined sample, 299
`combustion gas, 300
`commensurate—incommensurate
`transition, 300
`common—ion effect (on rates), 300
`communities (consortia, syntrophic
`or synergistic associations) , 301
`comparative molecular field analysis
`(COMFA), 301
`comparator in radioanalytical
`chemistry, 30!
`compartmental analysis, 302
`compatible polymer blend, 302
`compensation effect, 302
`compensation in catalysis, 302
`compensation in stereochemistry,
`303
`
`competition, 303
`competitive binding assay, 303
`competitive inhibition of catalysis,
`303
`
`complementary binding sites, 304
`complementary DNA (CDNA),
`304
`
`complete active space self«consistent
`field (CASSCF), 304
`complete active space se1f~consistent
`field second—order perturbation
`theory (CASPT2), 304
`complex, 304
`complex coaeervation, 305
`complex mechanism, 305
`complex reaction, 305
`complex—mode reaction, 305
`component, 306
`composite, 306
`composite mechanism, 306
`composite membrane, 307
`composite reaction, 307
`composite sample, 308
`composition of pure air in
`atmospheric chemistry, 308
`compositional heterogeneity of
`polymers, 308
`compressibility factor, 308
`compres