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`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
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`THE MANGROVE PARTNERS MASTER FUND, LTD.,
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`Petitioner,
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`v. VIRNETX INC.,
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`Patent Owner.
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`Case IPR2015-01046
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`Patent 6,502,135 B2
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`PETITIONER’S OPPOSITION TO PATENT
`OWNER’S MOTION FOR ADDITIONAL
`DISCOVERY
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`
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`IPR2015-01046
`IPR2015-01046
`U.S. 6,502,135
`U.S. 6,502,135
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`I. Overview................................................................................................................ 1
`I. Overview .............................................................................................................. .. 1
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`II. Response to Alleged “Petitioner Acknowledgements”....................................... 2
`II. Response to Alleged “Petitioner Acknowledgements” ..................................... .. 2
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`III. The Garmin Factors Are Not Satisfied............................................................... 4
`III. The Garmin Factors Are Not Satisfied ............................................................. .. 4
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`A. Additional Discovery Will Not Uncover Useful Information.........................4
`A. Additional Discovery Will Not Uncover Useful Information ....................... .. 4
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`B. Petitioner’s Litigation Positions ....................................................................... 7
`B. Petitioner’s Litigation Positions ..................................................................... .. 7
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`C. Ability to Generate Equivalent Information by Other Means ..................... 8
`C. Ability to Generate Equivalent Information by Other Means ................... .. 8
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`D. The Patent Owner’s RFPs Require Clarification........................................... 9
`D. The Patent Owner’s RFPs Require Clarification ......................................... .. 9
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`E. The Patent Owner’s RFPs are Overreaching and Overly Burdensome to
`E. The Patent Owner’s RFPs are Overreaching and Overly Burdensome to
`Answer ......................................................................................................................9
`Answer .................................................................................................................... .. 9
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`i
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`IPR2015-01046
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`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
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`Cases
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`Garmin Int’l Inc. v. Cuozzo Speed Techs. LLC,
`IPR2012-00001, Paper No. 26 at 6 (March 5, 2013) ............................................4, 6
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`ii
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`I.
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`Overview
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`Desperate to avoid the merits of the invalidity of its patent, Patent
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`Owner has now submitted its Motion for Additional Discovery (“Motion”) which
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`is its fourth collateral attempt to attack these proceedings without addressing validity: 1)
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`Patent Owner asserted the same or similar grounds in its Preliminary Patent Owner
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`Statement (see Paper No. 9 at 3-11); 2) rehashed the same grounds in its request for
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`reconsideration (see Paper No. 13 at 4-5); 3) raised entirely speculative grounds that
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`RPX Corp. and/or Apple Corp. were controlling these proceedings in a November 10,
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`2015 conference call with the Board (Ex. 2037 at 12:4-13:21, 20:7-18); and 4) now
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`brings the instant Motion. Patent Owner has also threatened to bring separate
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`litigation in state or Federal court – regardless of any underlying merit to such
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`claims -- to forestall a determination on the merits of the validity of its patents.
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`See, e.g., Paper No. 9 at 12-13, n.2.
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`All Patent Owner has presented in its Motion is that it would like broad
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`RPI discovery and argued that such discovery likely exists. Patent Owner has
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`not, however, demonstrated that any such discovery will be useful. Because
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`Patent Owner’s Motion fails to meet the “necessary in the interests of justice”
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`standard for any of the additional discovery sought, the Motion should be
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`denied in its entirety.
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`1
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`II.
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`Response to Alleged “Petitioner Acknowledgements”
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`The additional discovery Patent Owner seeks generally falls into two
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`categories: 1) discovery regarding investors in the Petitioner and 2) discovery
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`regarding other Mangrove entities, including Mangrove Partners, Mangrove
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`Partners Fund Ltd., Mangrove Partners Fund LP, Mangrove Capital (collectively
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`“Mangrove-Named Entities”) and Mr. Nathaniel August. Patent Owner’s attempts
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`to lump the investors with these other Mangrove-Named Entities and Mr. August,
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`is both disingenuous and obfuscates the real issues.
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`During multiple meet-and-confer telephone conferences leading up to this
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`Motion, much of Patent Owner’s inquiries focused on the investors and in
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`particular, Patent Owner’s speculative – bordering on paranoid – belief that time-
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`barred entities, namely Apple Corp. or RPX Corp., were investors in the Petitioner
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`and were controlling these proceedings on behalf of Petitioner. Cf. Ex. 2037 at 12:4-
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`13:21, 20:7-18. In response, Petitioner informed Patent Owner that neither Apple
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`Corp. nor RPX Corp. are or were investors and that to best of the Petitioner’s
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`knowledge, no one affiliated with either entity is now or was ever an investor.
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`Petitioner also informed Patent Owner that no investors were even aware of the
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`present proceedings before they were filed and that the Petitioner’s costs were
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`borne solely by the Petitioner. Petitioner even offered to put all of these facts in a
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`2
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`declaration from Mr. August, but particularly in light of Patent Owner’s threats of
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`separate litigation, Petitioner would not agree to any depositions. Patent Owner
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`would not relent on depositions and no agreement was reached.
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`With respect to the other Mangrove-Named Entities and Mr. August, the
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`Board has repeatedly recognized that there is no reason that these parties could not
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`simply be added as RPI’s if appropriate since there is no evidence that any such
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`entity is time-barred or would otherwise affect the proceedings. See Paper No. 11
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`at 8-9 ("The present record does not reflect that Petitioner is precluded from
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`modifying the named real-parties-in-interest to include any of the entities (or subset
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`thereof) cited by Patent Owner. Nor does the record indicate that any such
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`modification would result in rendering this proceeding improper.”); Ex. 2042 at
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`10:9-12:11. In light of these facts, and Petitioner’s firm belief that Patent Owner’s
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`other challenge with respect to the investors would fail, Petitioner offered to
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`provide discovery regarding Mr. August and the Mangrove-Named Entities and add
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`any or all of those as RPI’s that Patent Owner felt was necessary. This was not, as
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`Patent Owner attempts to characterize it, an admission that any other party should
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`have been named as an RPI. Rather, it was a recognition that it simply does not
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`matter. Petitioner offered this discovery voluntarily in exchange for an agreement
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`that after Patent Owner’s primary challenge with respect to investors failed, the
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`Patent Owner would not continue its scorched-earth tactics with a separate motion
`3
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`related to the Mangrove-Named Entities or Mr. August. No agreement was
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`reached.
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`III. The Garmin Factors Are Not Satisfied
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`In Garmin Int’l Inc. v. Cuozzo Speed Techs. LLC, the PTAB set out the
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`relevant factors in determining whether additional discovery is “otherwise necessary
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`in the interest of justice.” 35 U.S.C. § 316(a)(5); see also 37 C.F.R. § 42.51(b)(2).
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`Each of the Garmin factors is addressed below.
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`A.
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`Additional Discovery Will Not Uncover Useful Information
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`Patent Owner has failed to carry its burden of proof to show that the
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`discovery it seeks will uncover useful information regarding the investors, the
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`other Mangrove-Named Entities, or Mr. August. “The mere possibility of
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`finding something useful, and mere allegation that something useful will be
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`found, are insufficient to demonstrate that the requested discovery is necessary
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`in the interests of justice.” Garmin Int’l Inc. v. Cuozzo Speed Techs. LLC,
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`IPR2012-00001, Paper No. 26 at 6 (March 5, 2013)
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`With respect to the investors, the only factual assertion in Patent Owner’s
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`Motion is that “Petitioner has not disputed that the funds from the investors
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`were used for this proceeding.” Motion at 2. In particular, what Petitioner
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`explained is that money from investors, depending upon their geographic
`4
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`location, is passed through either Mangrove Partners Fund LP or Mangrove
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`Partners Fund Ltd. to the Petitioner (Mangrove Partners Master Fund Ltd),
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`where it is pooled and used for, among other things, investments and the costs
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`of these proceedings. However, that does not suggest in any way that any
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`Investor has control over these proceedings. Indeed, as to any discovery
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`concerning investors, Patent Owner’s Motion effectively admits that it has
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`nothing more than possibilities or mere allegations. Cf. Paper No. 19 at 9.
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`Similarly, Patent Owner’s Motion fails to carry its burden of proof that
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`discovery related to the other Mangrove-Named Entities or Mr. August will
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`produce useful information for two reasons. First, as explained above, it simply
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`doesn’t matter. As the Board repeatedly recognized and Patent Owner does not
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`dispute, none of these entities are time-barred and any or all of them could
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`simply be added as RPI’s if warranted. Second, Patent Owner has produced
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`nothing beyond speculation with respect to any of these additional parties being
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`an RPI.
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`Patent Owner’s theories with respect to the other Mangrove-Named
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`Entities are focused on the allegation that they have “in the past acted as a
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`collective, referring to themselves as ‘Mangrove.’” Motion at 2. However,
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`reference to a collective “Mangrove” in another context does not suggest that
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`any other parties are real parties in interest. As Patent Owner’s own
`5
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`organizational chart shows (see Paper No. 9 at 3), the central entity is the
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`Petitioner Mangrove Partners Master Fund Ltd. As previously explained, it is
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`central because “that is where all the money is.” Indeed Patent Owner’s own
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`motion shows that Mangrove Partners Fund LP and Mangrove Partners Fund
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`Ltd. are mere pass-through entities (Motion at 2 (“Pursuant to a master-feeder
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`structure, the investments would be fed into the US Feeder or the Cayman
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`Feeder, and in turn funneled to Petitioner.”) and Mangrove Capital “serves as a
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`general partner” to Mangrove Partners Fund LP. Motion at 2, n. 1. There is
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`nothing beyond mere speculation that any of these parties funded or controlled
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`the IPRs.
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`As Patent Owner points out, Mangrove Partners (which it refers to as the
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`“Hedge Fund”) acts as the “Investment Manger” for Petitioner Mangrove
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`Partners Master Fund Ltd. As the Investment Manager, Mangrove Partners acts
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`as an agent of the Petitioner and on its behalf subject to fiduciary duties, as
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`acknowledged by Patent Owner. See Paper No. 9 at 4-5. As such, all
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`decisions, whether on investments or in filing these IPRs are made for the
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`benefit of the Petitioner. Whether these agents acts as consultants for a fee, or
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`direct employees of Petitioner is immaterial. See, e.g., Restatement (Second)
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`of Agency (1958), § 387.
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`6
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`With respect to Mr. August, all of his actions in connection with this
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`proceeding have been in his capacity as an agent of Petitioner. Patent Owner
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`acknowledges that Mr. August is subject to fiduciary duties to Petitioner and
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`through Petitioner to the various investors. See, e.g., Paper No. 9 at 4-6, 11.
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`A finding that Mr. August himself is a real party in interest would require a
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`finding that he subjugated those fiduciary duties to his own personal interest –
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`in effect piercing the corporate veil. Patent Owner’s Motion presents no facts
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`that would warrant such a determination and its discovery requests with respect
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`to Mr. August are based on nothing more than speculation.
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`B.
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`Petitioner’s Litigation Positions
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`Petitioner does not have any current litigation positions related to the
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`subject IPR; however, the Patent Owner has threatened to bring separate
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`litigation in state or Federal court related to this IPR against one or more of the
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`Petitioner, the other Mangrove-Named Entities, Mr. August and the investors.
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`See, e.g., Paper No. 9 at 12-13, n.2. In particular, Patent Owner submitted as an
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`exhibit (Exhibit 2021) a complaint filed by Allergan Inc. in Federal District
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`Court and intimated that it intended to file a similar complaint. Id.
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`Patent Owner’s threat is particularly troubling since it knew, or should
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`have known, that an Allergan-type complaint had no merit. A required element
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`of each of the causes of action pled in the Allergan complaint was that the
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`7
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`underlying IPR petition was “objectively baseless.” Ex. 2021 at ¶¶61, 75(d),
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`78(b). While we now know definitively that Patent Owner cannot allege that the
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`IPR petition was “objectively baseless” for the simple reason that it was
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`instituted on all grounds (see Paper No. 11 at 12), that fact was also known or
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`should have been known to Patent Owner when it made the threat because a
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`petition filed by Microsoft, Inc. on a related patent on similar grounds had
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`previously been instituted. See Paper No. 1 at 2; Microsoft Corp. v. VirnetX Inc.,
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`IPR2014-00610 Paper No. 9 at 16 (Oct. 15, 2014).
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`Patent Owner’s willingness to threaten baseless corollary litigation raises
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`legitimate concerns that the true focus of the requested discovery is actually
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`related to trying to manufacture grounds for a different litigation. At an even
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`broader level, these threats can be seen as part of Patent Owner’s broader
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`scorched-earth tactics. Patent Owner is trying to avoid by any means, including
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`threatening baseless and harassing litigation, an objective examination of the
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`validity of its patents.
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`C.
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`Ability to Generate Equivalent Information by Other Means
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`As explained above, Patent Owner has already been able to generate
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`through public information and meet and confers with Petitioner information to
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`show that there are no unnamed RPIs. Moreover, Patent Owner was offered an
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`affidavit to this effect, but, as previously explained, it refused to accept one if as a
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`8
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`condition it would otherwise be precluded from deposing Mr. August, during
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`which time it would likely be preparing to sue him elsewhere.
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`D.
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`The Patent Owner’s RFPs Require Clarification
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`Petitioner has proposed changes to Patent Owner’s RFPs and interrogatories
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`(see Exhibits 1026 and 1027) to address both clarity and overbreadth.
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`The Patent Owner’s RFPs are Overreaching and Overly
`E.
`Burdensome to Answer
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`For the reasons discussed in Section III.A, the Patent Owner’s RFPs,
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`interrogatories and deposition are not likely to generate useful information. In
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`addition, those requests are not narrowly tailored as required by Garmin. For
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`example, Patent Owner’s document requests and interrogatories seek detailed
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`confidential information regarding Investors to no purpose. Furthermore, many
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`of the requests explicitly seek privileged or work-product information and are
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`overly burdensome in requesting detailed explanation of all verbal
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`communications related in any way to this IPR (See, e.g., Interrogatory #1)
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`In view of the foregoing, Petitioner respectfully requests that the Board deny
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`Patent Owner’s Motion for Additional Discovery in its entirety.
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`9
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`Dated: December 14, 2015
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`IPR2015-01046
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`Respectfully submitted,
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`/Abraham Kasdan /
`Abraham Kasdan
`Reg. No. 32,997
`WIGGN & DANA LLP
`
`//
`James T. Bailey
`Reg. No. 44,518
`THE LAW OFFICE OF JAMES T.
`BAILEY
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`10
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`IPR2015-01046
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`CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
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`Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.6(e), the undersigned certifies service of
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`PETITIONERS’ OPPOSITION TO PATENT OWNER’S MOTION FOR
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`ADDITIONAL DISCOVERY on the counsel of record for the Patent Owner by
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`filing this document through the Patent Review Processing System as well as
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`delivering a copy via electronic mail to the following address:
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`Joseph Palys
`josephpalys@paulhastings.com
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`Naveen Modi
`naveenmodi@paulhastings.com
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`Dated: December 14, 2015
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`25003/1/3390958.1
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`/Abraham Kasdan/
`Abraham Kasdan
`Reg. No. 32,997