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`C E R T I F I C A T I O N O F T R A N S L A T I O N
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`The undersigned, Richard Patner, whose address is 26357 Lexington Drive,
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`Bonita Springs, FL 34135, United States of America, declares and states as follows:
`
`I am well acquainted with the English and Japanese languages; I have in the
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`past translated numerous Japanese documents of legal and/or technical content into
`
`English.
`
`I have been requested to translate into English the attached Japanese
`Patent No. 6-51130 titled “Light-guide plate for a surface lighting device
`using a spot light source.”
`
`
`To a copy of this Japanese document I therefore attach an English translation
`
`and my Certification of Translation.
`
`I hereby certify that the attached English translation of Japanese Patent No. 6-
`
`51130 titled “Light-guide plate for a surface lighting device using a spot light
`
`source” is, to the best of my knowledge and ability, an accurate translation.
`
`And I declare further that all statements made herein of my own knowledge are
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`true, that all statements made on information and belief are believed to be true, and that
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`false statements and the like are punishable by fine and imprisonment, or both, under
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`Section 1001 of Title 18 of the United States Code.
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`__ _________ ______March 3, 2015_____________
`Date
`Richard Patner
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`Page 1 of 15
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`Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC, Petitioner - Ex. 1005
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`

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`21 Application Number
`4-221921
`
`
`22 Filing Date
`July 29, 1992
`
`
`
`
`71 Applicant 391036895
`Daimon Seisakusho K.K.
`25-12 1-chome, Horikiri Katsushika-ku, Tokyo
`
`71 Applicant 000000033
`Asahi Chemical Industries Co. Ltd.
`2-6 1-chome, Dojimahama, Kita-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka-fu
`
`72 Inventors TSUNODA Tadashi
`25-12 1-chome, Horikiri Katsushika-ku, Tokyo
`
`72 Inventors TOSAKA MASAAKI
`3-1 1-chome, Yako, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi,
`Kanagawa-ken
`Asahi Chemical Industries Co. Ltd.
`
`74 Agent Attorney MIURA Kiyoshi
`
`
`19 THE PATENT OFFICE OF JAPAN (JP)
`12 OFFICIAL GAZETTE FOR UNEXAMINED PATENTS (A)
`
`
`11 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. JP-1994-51130
`43 Date of Disclosure February 25, 1994
`____________________________________________________________________________________________
`
`51 Int. Cl5 Identification Intra-Agency FI
` Symbols File Nos.
`
`G 02 B 6/00
` 331
`G 02 F 1/1335
` 530
`
` Request for Examination
`
`
`Not yet requested Number of Claims 4
`(total 6 pages)
`
`
`
`Theme
`Code
`(Reference)
`
` 6920-2K
` 7408-2K
`
`
`54 [Title of Invention]
`
`Light-guide plate for a surface lighting device using a spot light source
`
`
`57 [Abstract]
` [Constitution] A light-guide plate (4) for a surface lighting device using spot light sources (3) that has roughly
`triangular notches (2) installed between installation depressions (1) on the lateral surface of said light-guide plate (4)
`that comprises a transparent plate with a plurality of spot light source installation depressions (1) installed on the
`lateral surface.
`
`
`
`Page 2 of 15
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`

`

`[Scope of Patent Claim]
`[Claim 1] A light-guide plate for a surface lighting device using spot light sources in which roughly triangular
`notches are installed between installation depressions on the lateral surface of said light-guide plate that comprises a
`transparent plate with a plurality of spot light source installation depressions installed on the lateral surface.
`[Claim 2] The light-guide plate for a surface lighting device of Claim 1 in which two sides of the roughly triangular
`notches have a curved form protruding outward.
`[Claim 3] The light-guide plate for a surface lighting device of Claims 1 or 2 in which a plurality of projections or
`depressed holes are formed on one side of the transparent plate so as to decrease in size closer to the light source and
`to increase in size at greater distance from the light source.
`[Claim 4] The light-guide plate for a surface lighting device of Claim 3 in which the opposite surface from the
`surface on which the projections or depressed holes are formed has been coarsened.
`[Detailed Description of the Invention]
`[0001]
`[Field of Industrial Utilization] The present invention concerns a light-guide plate for a surface lighting device
`used in liquid crystal display devices, etc., especially a light-guide plate that uses a spot light source.
`[0002]
`[Related Art] Surface lighting devices are used in liquid crystal display devices and the like. In the mainstream type
`used at present, diffusion film (7), light-guide plate (4), and reflection film (8) are sequentially overlaid in a lateral
`view of the aforementioned display device, and a light source (6) is then deployed on the lateral surface, as shown in
`Figure 11 and Figure 12. The light-guide plate in this case comprises lattice points on one side of a conventional
`transparent flat plate with a dot pattern (10) shaped so as to decrease in size as the light source (6) is approached and
`with a plurality of projections or depressed holes formed. In many cases, the dot pattern (10) is formed on the
`surface (opposite surface) that faces the surface of observation (observation surface).
`[0003] The light that enters from the lateral surface of the light-guide plate is transmitted while total reflection off the
`reflection surface and the observation surface is repeated. Some of that light is dispersed in a dot pattern and emitted
`to the observation surface. As shown in Figure 12, the dot pattern (10) becomes smaller as the light source (6) is
`approached, and the emission of uniform light over the entire surface of the observation surface becomes possible by
`increasing the pattern size with greater distance from the light source.
`[0004] Part of the light that is dispersed by the dot pattern formed in the light-guide plate is also emitted on the
`reverse surface from the reflection surface. A reflection film is deployed on the reverse surface to effectively utilize
`this light. The light reflected here is again directed toward the observation surface. Similarly, a reflection means
`may be completed on the lateral surface member as well to raise the utilization efficiency of light.
`[0005] In many cases, the dot pattern that is formed on the light-guide plate cannot be viewed from the observation
`surface. Consequently, a diffusion film is deployed on the observation surface of the light-guide plate so that the dot
`pattern is not observed. Diffusion films are also utilized to make the luminance of the illumination device more
`uniform over the entire surface.
`[0006] Next, the light source is frequently a rod-shaped fluorescent tube that is deployed on the lateral surface of the
`aforementioned light-guide plate.
`[0007] The technology of light-guide plates in such a surface lighting device has been disclosed in multiple cases.
`Examples include the method of formation by printing a dot pattern with light dispersing white ink and the method of
`formation of dot patterns as projections or depressed holes integrally with a transparent plate.
`[0008] In recent years, liquid crystal display devices have been used in various types and manners. The most
`desirable fields are those in which low power consumption or small size is called for. Light emitting diodes are used
`as the light source in such cases. Light emitting diodes have lower driving power and permit miniaturization because
`of the simplicity of the power source in comparison to fluorescent tubes. Another benefit is the lower level of power
`consumption.
`[0009] An example of a light-guide plate used in a surface lighting device that uses a spot light source such as a light
`emitting diode as the light source is presented in Figure 4. In this case, a depression (1) is installed on the lateral
`surface of the light-guide plate (4) where light enters to miniaturize the device so that this spot light source is
`incorporated. In this case as well, a dot pattern is formed from projections or depressed holes or through printing on
`the reflection surface similarly to the case in which a light beam source is used. In addition, since the luminance
`readily decreases when a spot light source is used, fine unevenness such as surface texturing or hair lines are formed
`
`Page 3 of 15
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`

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`on the observation surface of the light-guide plate as well in order to intentionally inhibit light transmission.
`Deficient luminance is also offset by so doing.
`[0010] A plurality of spot light sources is usually deployed on one lateral surface of the light-guide plate when using
`a spot light source such as that presented in Figure 4. The number of light sources used in a given device is
`determined following consideration of various factors, including the luminous surface area of the device, the required
`brightness, the luminance of the light source, and the allowable power consumption.
`[0011]
`[Problems Solved by the Invention] However, there are many cases in which low power consumption is the first
`requirement of illumination devices that use light emitting diodes as the light source. Thus, reducing the power
`consumption has been attempted by reducing the number of light emitting diodes used in a single illumination device
`to the greatest possible extent while maximizing the brightness in order to address this requirement.
`[0012] However, uniform brightness cannot be maintained in an illumination device when the number of light
`emitting diodes is reduced. Specifically, in regions extremely close to the light emitting diodes, those near the light
`emitting diodes are extremely bright while sections between adjacent light emitting diodes are comparatively dark.
`Thus, an extreme bright/dark difference develops within a narrow region. Furthermore, the brightness is difficult to
`adjust via the dot size since the dot pattern of the light-guide plate must be as small as possible near the light source.
` Compensation of differences in brightness is quite challenging. In particular, differences in brightness tend to
`readily become greater since the light dispersion state relies on the directionality of the light that is incident on the
`dots when forming dot patterns as projections or depressed holes integrally with a light-guide plate.
`[0013]
`[Means of Solving the Problems] The results of various examinations by the inventors to resolve the
`aforementioned problems revealed that the creation of a notch section on the lateral surface of the light-guide plate
`separate from the depression created for the light source enabled light that is incident at said notch section to be
`reflected in the intraplanar direction, specifically in the direction of the lateral surface opposite the lateral surface of
`incidence. By so doing, uniform brightness could be realized, which completed the present invention.
`[0014] Specifically, the light-guide plate for a surface lighting device pursuant to the present invention is
`characterized by the installation of roughly triangular notches between installation depressions on the lateral surface
`of said light-guide plate that comprises a transparent plate with a plurality of spot light source installation
`depressions installed on the lateral surface. Two sides of the aforementioned roughly triangular notches have a
`curved form protruding outward that is effective. In addition, a plurality of projections or depressed holes could be
`formed on one side of the transparent plate so as to decrease in size closer to the light source and to increase in size
`at greater distance from the light source, and coarsening of the opposite surface from the surface on which the
`projections or depressed holes are formed would be effective.
`[0015] Figure 1 illustrates the principles of the present invention. In Figure 1, (1) denotes the depression for
`installation of the spot light source, (2) denotes the roughly triangular notches for light reflection. The light that is
`issued from the spot light source (3) is incident within the light-guide plate (4) via the spot light source installation
`depression (1). It diffuses radially, but some of the light is reflected off the lateral surfaces formed by the notches (2)
`as shown in Figure 1. The reflected light is directed toward the comparatively dark sections between adjacent spot
`light sources. The illumination enhances the uniformity of the comparatively dark sections between the spot light
`sources. In short, a state approximating that when a light beam light source is used can be approached through
`reflection of light from the spot light source off of notches.
`[0016]
`[Action] The present invention is explained in further detail below through diagrams. The notches that reflect light
`in the present invention reflect light broadly in a radial shape from the spot light source and have the function of
`approaching a light beam light source. Consequently, the shape of the notches is determined with consideration of
`the deployment of the spot light source that is used. Furthermore, the allowable depth of the notchs must be
`considered in some cases since the sections where notches are formed cannot be used as luminous surfaces of the
`illumination device.
`[0017] Figure 7 illustrates examples of the shape of the roughly triangular notches. The two sides of the roughly
`triangular notches that form the notches may be straight, as shown in Figure 7 (A), or they may form smooth curves,
`as shown in Figure 7 (B). Furthermore, if the deployment of the light source and the allowable depth of the notch are
`suitable, the two sides may have an outwardly protruding parabolic shape, as shown in Figure 7 (C). Such a
`
`Page 4 of 15
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`

`

`parabolic reflection surface acts to turn light from a spot light source into parallel beams of light. Consequently, the
`ability to utilize such effects as in Figure 7 (C) results in enhanced effects. The reflection surface need not be a
`perfect parabolic shape. It may approximate a parabola by an arbitrary curve such as an arc.
`[0018] The lateral surface ((2') in Figure 1) into which the aforementioned the aforementioned roughly triangular
`notches have been cut may be smooth or coarsened. In addition, the light reflective film may be bonded or light
`reflective paint may be applied. For example, if the deployment of the spot light source and the allowable depth of
`the notch are suitable with an optical path of the reflected light source that has been optimally set, the lateral surface
`may be smoothened so as to have a mirrow-like reflection (complete reflection) or it may be subjected to further
`mirror-like treatment. Furthermore, uniform illumination could be realized, depending on the circumstances, by
`applying light reflective paint or by bonding reflective film to reduce the directional character of reflected light if
`establishment of the ideal optical path is difficult.
`[0019] Next, the shape of the depression that incorporates the light source is determined by the shape of the light
`source that is used as well as by the directional character of light issued from the light source. If the light source is
`sufficiently small compared to light-guide plate and if it has a virtually isotropic directional character, completion of
`the semi-circular depression (1) as shown in Figure 1 would facilitate design of the shape of the roughly triangular
`notches (2) that are installed for reflection. In addition, if the light source is large compared to the light-guide plate,
`the shape of the depression would have to match the shape of the light source in order to reduce the size of the
`equipment. Finally, the shape of the depression onto which light is incident would have to be designed in order to
`raise the uniformity of the luminance of the surface of illumination equipment through optical correction if the
`directional character of light issued from the light source were extremely tilted in a given direction.
`[0020] Making the lateral surface of the spot light source installation depression upon which light is incident would
`be preferable for raising the utilization efficiency, but coarsening when the light source has a directional character, as
`stated above, or raising the uniformity of the luminance when incident light is scattered within the light-guide plate
`may be completed as well.
`[0021] Smooth formation of the observation surface of the light-guide plate pursuant to the present invention would
`be desirable for transmitting incident light to optical fibers, for example, from the lateral surface of the spot light
`source installation side, but when the distance of light transmission is short because of the shape of the illumination
`device or the deployment of the light source, fine unevenness such as surface texturing or hair lines would be formed
`on the observation surface to complete coarsening. This would intentionally lower the level of light transmission and
`brighten the illumination.
`[0022] Next, the dot pattern formed on the light-guide plate pursuant to the present invention may be formed in the
`same manner as in conventional technology. Formation of a pattern such that the dots would grow steadily larger
`with greater distance from the light source would be best, and a pattern of dots whose size decreases as said lateral
`surface is approached would be preferable out of consideration of reflection off lateral surfaces other than the lateral
`surface of light source installation. In addition to the dot size, altering the dot pitch would be an additional means of
`deriving uniform luminance. The dot shape may be differentiated as round, oblong, or triangular based on
`deployment of the spot light source. When the dot pattern is formed from a large number of projections or depressed
`holes, the uniformity of the luminance could be enhanced further by making the shape of the plane surface that of
`round dots.
`[0023] The dot pitch must be small enough so as to be indistinguishable by diffusion film deployed on observation
`side of the light-guide plate. The dot section brightens and the sections between dots darken, leading to uneven
`illumination, when the pitch enlarges. The largest permissible pitch cannot be universally stated because of the
`dependence of the thickness of the light-guide plate and the performance of diffusion films, but the pitch must
`become smaller as the light-guide plate becomes thinner.
`[0024] Furthermore, the light utilization efficiency of the light-guide plate pursuant to the present invention can be
`raised in the same manner as that of conventional light-guide plates by instituting a reflection means on lateral
`surfaces other than the lateral surface on which light is incident. Techniques include affixation of a reflection film
`having a white- or mirror-surface to the lateral surface or printing white ink on the lateral surface.
`[0025] The light-guide plate pursuant to the present invention is applied to spot light sources such as light emitting
`diodes or miniature light bulbs. Of course, other spot light sources may be used as well. Siting the light source at a
`position inside the depression, as shown by (1) in Figure 1, would pose no problems. The circumferential surfaces of
`the light source and the depression may be flush, or a gap may be opened between them. For example, if there is no
`
`Page 5 of 15
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`

`

`concern of damage to the light source from impact in use and if the processing precision or assembly precision of
`components of an illumination device using the light-guide plate pursuant to the present invention is high enough, the
`depressions in a light-guide plate as well as the light source may be flush. Viewed overall, there are also cases in
`which a separation would be opened between the circumferential surfaces of the light source and the depression to
`avoid damage to the light source, of course.
`[0026] The light-guide plate pursuant to the present invention may be integrated in an illumination device in the
`same manner as that of light-guide plates that use conventional spot light sources. Specifically, diffusion film may
`be deployed on the observation surface and reflection film may be deployed on the reflection surface. There is no
`specific limitation on the diffusion film or on the reflection film. The diffusion film would be selected considering
`the thickness of the light-guide plate and the dot pitch formed on the light-guide plate. The diffusion must be higher
`as the thickness of the light-guide plate becomes thinner and as the dot pitch becomes greater. Furthermore, the
`selection of reflection film that has higher diffusion reflectivity is preferable because that would result in a bright
`illumination device.
`[0027] A holder (9) may be fabricated out of white material that demonstrates the same performance as that of
`reflection film and that incorporates the light-guide plate, as shown in Figure 10, instead of using reflection film. A
`spot light source (3) may be set in advance in said holder, and installing a light-guide plate therein would be
`desirable for reducing the number of components as well as the number of assembly steps.
`[0028] There is no specific limitation on the material used in the light-guide plate pursuant to the present invention
`so long as it is transparent. Permissible transparent materials include transparent resins such as polymethyl
`methacrylate, polycarbonate, polystyrene as well as glass. Among these, the use of polymethyl methacrylate would
`be especially desirable because of its transparency, durability, and working properties.
`[0029] There is no specific limitation on the method of manufacturing the light-guide plate pursuant to the present
`invention. Permissible examples include the method in which flat transparent material is cut to a predetermined size,
`one lateral surface is worked to the shape pursuant to the present invention, and one side has a dot pattern created on
`it through printing; the method in which a die is constructed so as to derive a flat plate with a lateral surface whose
`shape is that pursuant to the present invention, followed by injection molding with this die to produce a molded
`product of transparent resin, after which a dot pattern would be printed thereupon to complete fabrication of a light-
`guide plate; and the method in which a light-guide plate of transparent resin is fabricated through injection molding
`using a die that has a lateral surface with the shape pursuant to the present invention and that forms projections or
`depressed holes of the dot pattern on one side.
`[0030] The method of using a die to integrally create a lateral surface shape and dot pattern concurrently through
`injection molding is superior among these methods because of its simplicity, as manifest by the low number of
`operational steps. A lateral surface shape and a shape corresponding to the projections or depressed holes of a dot
`pattern can be formed by such techniques as machining or etching in the die used at this time. Of course, the die may
`be created through other methods as well.
`[0031]
`[Embodiments] The present invention is explained below through embodiments.
`[0032] (Embodiment 1) A dot pattern was formed from a large number of columnar projections with diameters
`ranging from a minimum of 0.1 mm to a maximum of 0.4 mm at a pitch of 0.5 mm relative to a side that constitutes
`the reflection surface, as shown in Figure 2, said projections being formed by injection molding of acrylic resin
`pellets (product of Asahi Kasei, Delpett 60N) using a prefabricated die. Concurrently, semi-circular spot light
`source installation depressions (1) were formed on the side on which the spot light sources would be installed. In
`addition, triangular notches (2) were formed between these depressions (1) to complete the light-guide plate (4) of 3
`cm x 4 cm size with thickness of 1.5 mm. The observation surface and the side of said light-guide plate are smooth.
`[0033] Reflection film (product of Toray Inc, Lumilar 188E-62) was set on the reflection surface of said light-guide
`plate while diffusion film (product of KIMOTO Inc., photodiffusing film D204) was laid on the observation surface,
`and 3 mm of the peripheries were affixed in place by double-sided tape. Three light emitting diodes (product of
`Sharp Inc., high luminance type) were deployed at intervals of 1 cm on the spot light source installation depression
`(1) of the light-guide plate to complete the flat illumination device. The light emitting diodes were lit by connection
`to a 3 V direct current power source and the luminance of the section denoted by A Ψ A’ in Figure 2 was measured
`by a luminance meter (Minolta Inc., nt-1/30 P). The brightness ratio between the brightest section and the darkest
`
`Page 6 of 15
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`

`section is 1.308, as denoted by the solid line (P) in Figure 8. This bright/dark disparity was indistinguishable even
`when viewed.
`[0034] (Embodiment 2) A light-guide plate as shown in Figure 3 was molded similarly to that in Embodiment 1
`using a die having the same size as that used in Embodiment 1 that creates triangular notches 2 on the lateral surface
`of the spot light source side of the light-guide plate with parabolic projections directed outward on two sides of the
`roughly triangular shape. Reflection film, diffusion film, and light emitting diodes were set in place, after which the
`luminance was measured. The results indicated that the brightness ratio between the brightest section and the darkest
`section is 1.209, as denoted by the broken line (Q) in Figure 8. An outstanding llumination device with more uniform
`luminance was derived.
`[0035] (Embodiment 3) White ink was applied to the lateral surface of the notches (2) on the spot light source side of
`the light-guide plate used in Embodiment 1. Reflection film and diffusion film as well as light emitting diodes were
`set in the same manner as in Embodiment 1, and the luminance was measured. The results indicated that the
`brightness ratio between the brightest section and the darkest section is 1.019, as denoted by the broken line (R) in
`Figure 8. An outstanding llumination device with more uniform luminance was derived.
`[0036] (Embodiment 4) A dot pattern was formed from a large number of columnar projections with diameters
`ranging from a minimum of 0.1 mm to a maximum of 0.5 mm at a pitch of 0.6 mm relative to a side, said projections
`formed by injection molding of acrylic resin pellets (product of Asahi Kasei, Delpett 60N) using a prefabricated die.
` Concurrently, square light source installation depressions (1) were formed with roughly triangular notches (2)
`between these depressions (1). The notches had parabolic projections directed outward on two of the sides. That
`completed formation of the molded light-guide plate product of 6 cm x 8 cm size with thickness of 1.8 mm. Figure 5
`illustrates the shape of the resulting light-guide plate. The observation surface and the side of said light-guide plate
`are smooth.
`[0037] Reflection film and diffusion film were deployed on the resulting light-guide plate in the same manner as in
`Embodiment 1. Five light emitting diodes were deployed in this spot light source installation depression (1) at 1.2
`cm intervals. It was connected to a 5V direct current power source and lit, and the luminance of the section denoted
`by B Ψ B’ in Figure 5 was measured by a luminance meter. The resulting are denoted by the solid line (X) in Figure
`9, which reveals that the brightness ratio between the brightest section and the darkest section is 1.049. This
`bright/dark disparity was indistinguishable even when viewed.
`[0038] (Comparative Example 1) A light-guide plate having the same size as that of Embodiment 1 but lacking
`notches on the lateral surface of the spot light source installation side was formed by a die, as shown in Figure 4.
`Reflection film, diffusion film, and light emitting diodes were set in place and the luminance was measured in the
`same manner as above. The brightness ratio is 1.069, as denoted by the broken line (S) in Figure 8. This bright/dark
`disparity was easily confirmed when viewed, which was inappropriate.
`[0039] (Comparative Example 2) A light-guide plate lacking notches on the lateral surface of the spot light source
`installation side was formed by a die, as shown in Figure 6. Reflection film, diffusion film, and light emitting diodes
`were set in place, after which the luminance was measured in the same manner as above. The results indicated that
`the brightness ratio is 1.069, as denoted by the broken line (Y) in Figure 9. This bright/dark disparity was easily
`confirmed when viewed, which was inappropriate.
`[0040]
`[Effects of Invention] The power consumption is low since the minimum light emitting diode required for light
`source was used in the present invention, and a flat illumination device with good uniform luminance was derived.
`In addition, the present invention in principle is effective on any flat luminous device that uses a spot light source.
`Light sources other than a light emitting diode may be applied as well. In addition, light can be conducted from an
`external light source using optical fibers, for example. That would be useful in this case as well.
`[Brief Description of Drawings]
`[Figure 1] Explanatory figure illustrating the principles of the light-guide plate pursuant to the present invention.
`[Figure 2] Planar figure illustrating one embodiment of the present invention.
`[Figure 3] Planar figure illustrating another embodiment of the present invention.
`[Figure 4] Planar figure illustrating a comparative example.
`[Figure 5] Planar figure illustrating still another embodiment of the present invention.
`[Figure 6] Planar figure illustrating another comparative example.
`
`Page 7 of 15
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`

`

`[Figure 7] Planar figure illustrating the principal parts in (A), (B), and (C) of the shapes of notches created on the
`lateral surface of the light-guide plate pursuant to the present invention.
`[Figure 8] Diagram presenting the measurement results of the luminance of the light-guide plates in examples from
`the present invention and comparative examples.
`[Figure 9] Diagram of similar results.
`[Figure 10] Perspective view illustrating a light-guide plate holder.
`[Figure 11] Side view illustrating an example of a flat illumination device.
`[Figure 12] Planar figure of the same.
`[Explanation of Notations]
`1 spot light source installation depression
`2 roughly triangular notch
`3 spot light source
`4 light-guide plate
`6 light source
`7 diffusion film
`8 reflection film
`9 holder
`10 dot pattern
`
`
`
`
`
`Page 8 of 15
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