Basics of Karl Fischer Titration | Sigma-Aldrich
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`Basics of Karl Fischer Titration
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`Sigma-A/drich is a pioneer in the supply of safe, reliable and easy-to-use pyridine-free Karl Fischer reagents.
`Water can affect product quality, texture, shelf life, chemical stability and reactivity. The Karl Fischer titration is a universally acknowledged method
`for measuring water content in all types of substances including chemicals, oils, pharmaceuticals and food. In 1979, researcher Dr. Eugen Scholz
`Improved the Karl Fischertitration by replacing noxious pyridine with imidazole.
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`This innovation became the foundation of HYDRANAL®, the world’s leading pyridine-free reagents for Karl Fischer titration. Since Dr. Scho|z’s
`pioneering research and with a spirit of ongoing product improvement, Sigma-Aldrich has launched a wide range of Karl Fischer reagents for both
`volumetric and coulometric titrations for nearly all types of samples.
`
`Advantages of HYDRANAL® reagents:
`- High-speed titrations
`- Stable end points
`- Accurate results
`- No unpleasant odor
`- Long shelf life
`_ Vlflde appllcablllty
`In the following chapters, you will find the basic principles and possibilities of Karl Fischer titration.
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`Additional technical information can be obtained by requesting our HYDRANAL®-Manual, Multimedia Guide CD, Literature or Applications. For
`personal assistance, please feel free to contact our Karl Fischer helplines.
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`Labware‘ Vlals and Syrmges
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`Chapter 1 Basic principles of Karl Fischer titration
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`5' N"°'°bi°'°9y
`Proflclency Testlng
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`- HYDRANAL® reagents
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`- Standard procedures for Karl Fischer titration.
`- Chemical fundamentals behind Karl Fischertitration (working medium, pH value)
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`Chapter 2 Basic forms of Karl Fischer titration
`- Volumetric titration with one-component reagents
`- Volumetric titration with two-component reagents
`- Coulometric titration
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`Chapter 3 Variations of Karl Fischer titration
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`- Overview of variations of Karl Fischer titration
`- Reagents for aldehydes and ketones
`- Reagents for non-polar substances
`- Reagents for polar substances
`- Reagents for acids and bases
`- Reagents for Karl Fischer Oven
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`_
`Literature
`[1] Eugen Scholz "Karl-Fischer-Titration" Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo (1984), 140 pages
`ISBN 3-540-12846-8 German Edition
`ISBN 3-540-13734-3 English Edition
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`http ://www. sigmaaldrich. com/analytical-chromatography/titration/hydranal/1earning-center. .. 7/16/2015
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`Janssen Ex. 2031
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`Basics of Karl Fischer Titration | Sigma-Aldrich
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`http ://www. sigmaaldrich. com/analytical-chromatography/titration/hydranal/1earning-center. .. 7/16/2015
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`Janssen Ex. 2031
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`Lupin Ltd. v. Janssen Sciences Ireland UC
`lPR2015-01030
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`(Page 2 of 2)