Microsoft Windows NT Server
`
`TCPIIP
`
`Contents
`
`Welcome
`
`Chapter 1 Overview of Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows NT
`
`Chapter 2
`
`Installing and Configuring Microsoft TCP/IP and SNMP
`
`Chapter 3 Networking Concepts for TCP/IP
`
`Chapter 4
`
`Installing and Configuring DHCP Servers
`
`Chapter 5
`
`Installing and Configuring WINS Servers
`
`Chapter 6
`
`Setting Up LMHOSTS
`
`Chapter 7 Using the Microsoft FTP Server Service
`
`Chapter 8 Using Performance Monitor with TCP/IP Services
`
`Chapter 9
`
`Internetwork Printing with TCP/IP
`
`Chapter 10 Troubleshooting TCP/IP
`
`Chapter 11 Utilities Reference
`
`Appendix A MIB Object Types for Windows NT
`
`Appendix B Windows Sockets Applications
`
`Page 1 of 278
`
`LG Electronics Exhibit 1012
`
`

`

`Microsoft Windows NT Server
`
`TCPIIP
`
`Contents
`
`Welcome
`
`What's New in This Release
`
`How to Use This Manual
`
`Documentation Conventions
`
`Finding More Information
`
`Chapter 1 Overview of Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows NT
`
`Chapter 2
`
`Installing and Configuring Microsoft TCP/IP and SNMP
`
`Chapter 3 Networking Concepts for TCP/IP
`
`Chapter 4
`
`Installing and Configuring DHCP Servers
`
`Chapter 5
`
`Installing and Configuring WINS Servers
`
`Chapter 6
`
`Setting Up LMHOSTS
`
`Chapter 7 Using the Microsoft FTP Server Service
`
`Chapter 8 Using Performance Monitor with TCP/IP Services
`
`Chapter 9
`
`Internetwork Printing with TCP/IP
`
`Chapter 10 Troubleshooting TCP/IP
`
`Chapter 11 Utilities Reference
`
`Appendix A MIB Object Types for Windows NT
`
`Appendix B Windows Sockets Applications
`
`Page 2 of 278
`
`

`

`I Welcome
`Welcome
`
`1 of5
`
`Welcome to Microsofto TCP/IP for Windows NTrH.
`
`Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a networking protocol that provides
`communication across interconnected networks. This manual, Microsoft Windows NT Server
`TCP/IP, describes how to install, configure. and troubleshoot Microsoft TCP/IP on a computer
`running the Microsoft Windows NT Workstation or Windows NT Server operating system. It
`also provides a reference for the TCP/IP utilities and information about how to install and use
`the other TCP/IP services such as the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Server service, TCP/IP
`printing, and Simple Network Management Protocol (SN MP), plus the software to support new
`dynamic configuration and name resolution services.
`
`This manual assumes that you are familiar with the Microsoft Windows NT operating system. If
`you are not familiar with this product, refer to your Microsoft Windows NT documentation set.
`
`This introduction provides the following basic information:
`
`' What's new in this release
`
`' How to use this manual
`
`' Document conventions
`
`'
`
`Finding more information
`
`Page 3 of 278
`
`

`

`I Welcome
`
`What's New in This Release?
`
`20f5
`
`
`
`In this new version of Windows NT, TCP/IP capabilities have been expanded to include
`automatic TCP/IP configuration and powerful name resolution capabilities through the addition
`of new protocols and supporting administrative tools. New TCP/IP utilities plus the addition of
`performance counters for TCP/IP and related services will also help make administrative tasks
`easier. New elements include the following:
`
`Enhanced speed and performance
`
`Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
`
`Microsoft TCP/IP supports automatic TCP/IP configuration through the new DHCP service.
`When DHCP servers are installed on the network, users can take advantage of dynamic IP
`address allocation and management.
`
`Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)
`
`Microsoft TCP/IP provides a powerful, new name resolution service for easy, centralized
`management of computer name-to-IP address resolution in medium and large
`internetworks.
`
`New TCP/IP utilities and commands
`
`This version includes a new Windows-based Telnet accessory for connecting to remote
`systems. The utilities provided with Microsoft TCP/IP have been expanded to include
`ipconfig for displaying current TCP/IP network configuration values, tracert for
`determining the route taken to a destination, lpq for showing print queue status for TCP/IP
`printing, and lpr for printing a file in TCP/IP printing.
`Performance counters
`
`You can use Performance Monitor to track performance of the IP protocols, FTP Server
`service traffic, and WINS servers. You can also use SNMP to monitor and manage WINS
`and DHCP servers.
`
`Multiple default gateways
`
`You can configure multiple default gateways for Windows NT computers. This ensures
`maximum reliability in networks that offer redundant routes.
`
`TCP/IP printing
`
`With TCP/IP printing installed on a single Windows NT computer on the network, other
`Windows networking computers can print to a direct-connect TCP/IP printer or a
`UNIXo-connected printer, without any special client software.
`
`Page 4 of 278
`
`

`

`I Welcome
`
`How to Use This Manual
`
`3of5
`
`
`
`This manual contains the following chapters and appendix:
`
`Chapter 1, "Overview of Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows NT"
`Describes the elements that make up Microsoft TCP/IP and provides an overview of how
`you can use Microsoft TCP/IP to support various networking solutions.
`
`Chapter 2, "Installing and Configuring Microsoft TCP/IP and SNMP"
`Describes the process for installing and configuring Microsoft TCP/IP, SN MP, and Remote
`Access Service (RAS) with TCP/IP on a computer running Windows NT.
`
`Chapter 3, "Networking Concepts for TCP/IP"
`Presents key TCP/IP networking concepts for network administrators interested in a
`technical discussion of the elements that make up Microsoft TCP/IP.
`
`Chapter 4, "Installing and Configuring DHCP Servers"
`Presents the procedures and strategies for setting up servers to support the Dynamic Host
`Configuration Protocol for Windows networks.
`
`Chapter 5, "Installing and Configuring WINS Servers"
`Presents the procedures and strategies for setting up Windows Internet Name Service
`servers.
`
`Chapter 6, "Setting Up LMHOSTS"
`Provides guidelines and tips for using LMHOSTS files for name resolution on networks.
`
`Chapter 7, "Using the Microsoft FTP Server Service"
`Describes how to install, configure, and administer the Microsoft FTP Server service.
`
`Chapter 8, "Using Performance Monitor with TCP/IP Services"
`Describes how to use the performance counters for TCP/IP, FTP Server service, DHCP
`servers, and WINS servers.
`
`Chapter 9, "Internetwork Printing and TCP/IP"
`Describes how to install TCP/IP printing and create TCP/IP printers on Windows NT
`computers with Microsoft TCP/lP.
`
`Chapter 10, "Troubleshooting TCP/IP"
`Describes how to troubleshoot lP connections and use the diagnostic utilities to get
`information that will help solve networking problems.
`
`Chapter 11, "Utilities Reference"
`Describes the TCP/IP utilities and provides syntax and notes.
`
`Appendix A, "LAN Manager MIB II for Windows NT Objects"
`Describes the LAN Manager MIB Il objects provided when you install SNMP with
`Windows NT.
`
`Appendix B, "Windows Sockets Application Vendors"
`Lists third-party vendors who have created software based on the Windows Sockets
`standard to provide utilities and applications that run in heterogeneous networks that use
`TCP/lP. This appendix also lists Internet sources for public-domain software based on
`Windows Sockets.
`
`The Glossary provides definitions of TCP/IP and networking technical terms used in this
`manual.
`
`You can get online Help by pressing F1 in all dialog boxes for installing and configuring TCP/lP
`and related components. You can also get online Help about the Microsoft TCP/IP networking
`solutions and for the TCP/IP utilities.
`
`Page 5 of 278
`
`

`

`i To get help on Microsoft TCPIIP networking solutions
`
`'
`
`In File Manager, double-click TCPIP.HLP in \systemrootlSYSTEM32 (this could be
`C:\W|NNT35\SYSTEM32, or wherever you installed the Windows NT system files).
`
`> To get help on TCPIIP utilities
`
`'
`
`At the command prompt, type a TCP/IP command name followed by the -? switch. For
`example, type ping -? and press Enter to get help on the ping command.
`
`Or
`
`1.|n the Program Manager Main group, double-click the Windows NT Help icon.
`
`2.|n the Windows NT Help window, click the Command Reference Help button.
`
`3.|n the Commands window, click a command name.
`
`Or
`
`In the Command Reference window, choose the Search button, and then type a command
`name in the box or select a command name from the list.
`
`Page 6 of 278
`
`

`

`I Welcome
`
`4of5
`
`Documentation Conventions
`
`This manual uses several type styles and special characters, described in the following list:
`
`Convention
`
`Use
`
`Represents commands, command options, and file entries. Type bold
`words exactly as they appear (for example, net use).
`
`Introduces new terms and represents variables. For example, the variable
`computer name indicates that you type the name of a workstation or a
`server.
`
`Represents filenames and paths. (You can, however, type such entries in
`uppercase or lowercase letters, or a combination of the two.)
`
`Represents keyboard names (for example, CTRL, ENTER, and F2).
`
`Encloses optional items in syntax statements. For example, [password]
`indicates that you can choose to type a password with the command. Type
`only the information within the brackets, not the brackets themselves.
`
`Indicates a command element may be repeated.
`
`Indicates a procedure.
`
`Refers to operating system and networking functionality that is available in
`both Windows NT Sewer and Windows NT Workstation.
`
`Refers to the Windows NT system tree. This can be \WINNT, \WINNT35,
`\WINDOWS, or whatever other directory name you specified when
`installing Windows NT.
`
`bold
`
`italic
`
`ALL UPPERCASE
`
`SMALL CAPITALS
`
`[brackets]
`
`...(ellipsis)
`
`> W
`
`indows NT
`
`\W I N NT or
`
`\systemroot
`
`Page 7 of 278
`
`

`

`Welcome
`
`
`5 of 5
`
`Finding More Information
`
`In addition to the standard ways for receiving technical support from Microsoft (as described in
`the Windows NT Server Installation Guide), you can get support for Windows NT via the
`Internet.
`
`
`Note
`Your computer must be connected to the Internet to take advantage of this service.
`
`} To get Windows NT support via the Internet
`
`'
`
`Start ftp and connect to ftp.microsoft.com
`
`This support service uses anonymous FTP under Windows NT to provide documentation,
`utilities, updated drivers, and other information for many Microsoft systems products.
`
`For a more technical discussion of the topics mentioned in this manual, refer to the following
`texts and articles:
`
`Allard, J. "DHCP-TCP/IP Network Configuration Made Easy," ConneXions, Volume 7, No. 8,
`August 1993.
`
`Allard, J., K. Moore, and D. Treadwell. "Plug into Serious Network Programming with the Windows
`Sockets API," Microsoft Systems Journal, July: 35 40, 1993.
`
`Comer, D. Internetworking with TCP/IP Volume 1: Principles, Protocols, and Architecture. Second
`edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991.
`
`Comer, D. and D. Stevens. lntemetworlring with TCP/IP Volume II: Design, Implementation, and
`Internals. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991.
`
`Comer, D. and D. Stevens. lntemetworlring with TCP/IP Volume Ill: Client-Server Programming and
`Applications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991.
`
`Hall, M., et al. Windows Sockets: An Open Interface for Network Programming Under Microsoft
`Vlfindows, Version 1.1, Revision A, 1993.
`
`Krol, E. The Whole lntemet Users Guide and Catalog. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly and Associates,
`1992.
`
`Rose, MT. The Simple Book. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991.
`
`Page 8 of 278
`
`

`

`n Chapt_er 1_
`Overview of Microsoft TCP/IP for
`
`10$
`
`Windows NT
`
`Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a networking protocol that provides
`communication across interconnected networks made up of computers with diverse hardware
`architectures and various operating systems. TCP/IP can be used to communicate with
`Windows NT systems, with devices that use other Microsoft networking products, and with
`non-Microsoft systems, such as UNIX.
`
`This chapter introduces Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows NT. The topics in this chapter include
`the following:
`
`' What is TCP/IP for Windows NT?
`
`' What does Microsoft TCP/IP include?
`
`' Windows NT solutions in TCP/IP internetworks
`
`For more detailed information on TCP/IP and its integration with Microsoft Windows NT and
`other networking products, see Chapter 3, "Networking Concepts for TCP/IP."
`
`Page 9 of 278
`
`

`

`n Overview of Microsoft TCPIIP for Windows NT
`
`2 of8
`
`
`
`What Is TCPIIP for Windows NT?
`
`The TCPIIP protocol family is a standard set of networking protocols, or rules, that govern how
`data is passed between computers on a network. TCPIIP is used to connect the Internet, the
`worldwide internetwork connecting over two million universities, research labs, U.S. defense
`installations, and corporations. (By convention, "Internet" is capitalized when referring to the
`worldwide internetwork.) These same protocols can be used in private internetworks that
`connect several local area networks.
`
`Microsoft TCP/lP for Windows NT enables enterprise networking and connectivity on
`Windows NT computers. Adding TCP/lP to a Windows NT configuration offers the following
`advantages:
`
`'
`
`'
`
`'
`
`'
`
`A standard, routable enterprise networking protocol that is the most complete and
`accepted protocol available. All modern operating systems offer TCP/lP support, and most
`large networks rely on TCP/lP for much of their network traffic.
`
`A technology for connecting dissimilar systems. Many standard connectivity utilities are
`available to access and transfer data between dissimilar systems, including File Transfer
`Protocol (FTP) and Terminal Emulation Protocol (Telnet). Several of these standard
`utilities are included with Windows NT.
`
`A robust, scalable, cross-platform client-server framework. Microsoft TCP/lP supports the
`Windows Sockets 1.1 interface, which is ideal for developing client-server applications that
`can run with Windows Sockets-com pliant stacks from other vendors. Many public-domain
`Internet tools are also written to the Windows Sockets standard. Windows Sockets
`
`applications can also take advantage of other networking protocols such as Microsoft
`NWLink, the Microsoft implementation of the IPX/SPX protocols used in Novell® NetWare®
`networks.
`
`The enabling technology necessary to connect Windows NT to the global Internet. TCP/lP,
`Point to Point Protocol (PPP), and Windows Sockets 1.1 provide the foundation needed to
`connect and use Internet services.
`
`Page 10 of 278
`
`

`

`n Overview of Microsoft TCPIIP for Windows NT
`
`3 of8
`
`
`
`What Does Microsoft TCPIIP Include?
`
`Microsoft TCPIIP provides all the elements necessaryto implement these protocols for
`networking. Microsoft TCP/IP includes the following:
`
`Core TCP/IP protocols, including the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), Internet
`Protocol (IP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), and
`Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). This suite of Internet protocols provides a set of
`standards for how computers communicate and how networks are interconnected. Support
`is also provided for PPP and Serial-Line IP (SLIP), which are protocols used for dial-up
`access to TCP/IP networks, including the Internet.
`
`Support for application interfaces, including Windows Sockets 1.1 for network
`programming, remote procedure call (RPC) for communicating between systems, NetBIOS
`for establishing logical names and sessions on the network, and network dynamic data
`exchange (Network DDE) for sharing information embedded in documents across the
`network.
`
`Basic TCP/IP connectivity utilities, including finger, ftp, lpr, rcp, rexec, rsh, telnet, and
`tftp. These utilities allow Windows NT users to interact with and use resources on
`non-Microsoft hosts, such as UNIX workstations.
`
`TCP/IP diagnostic tools, including arp, hostname, ipconfig, Ipq, nbtstat, netstat, ping,
`route, and tracert. These utilities can be used to detect and resolve TCPIIP networking
`problems.
`
`Services and related administrative tools, including the FTP Server service for transferring
`files between remote computers, Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) for dynamically
`registering and querying computer names on an internetwork, Dynamic Host Configuration
`Protocol (DHCP) service for automatically configuring TCP/IP on Windows NT computers,
`and TCP/IP printing for accessing printers connected to a UNIX computer or connected
`directly to the network via TCPIIP.
`
`Simple Network Management Protocol (SN MP) agent. This component allows a
`Windows NT computer to be administered remotely using management tools such as Sun®
`Net Manager or HP® Open \fiew. SNMP can also be use to monitor and manage DHCP
`servers and WINS servers.
`
`The client software for simple network protocols, including Character Generator, Daytime,
`Discard, Echo, and Quote of the Day. These protocols allow a Windows NT computer to
`respond to requests from other systems that support these protocols. When these
`protocols are installed, a sample QUOTES files is also installed in the lsystemrootl
`SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC directory.
`
`Path MTU Discovery, which provides the ability to determine the datagram size for all
`routers between Windows NT computers and any other systems on the WAN. Microsoft
`TCP/IP also supports the Internet Gateway Multicast Protocol (IGMP), which is used by
`new workgroup software products.
`
`The following diagram shows the elements of Microsoft TCPIIP alongside the variety of
`additional applications and connectivity utilities provided by Microsoft and other developers.
`
`Page 11 of 278
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`De \al opment tool a
`mun. oucmecl
`nl‘amed
`
`connectivity
`
`auliaaliona
`
`
`—E
`
`Integrated with
`Windows NT
`
`D Developed by third pa'tiee or the research
`commnity
`
`Microsoft TCPIIP: Core Technology and Third-Party Add-one
`
`TCP/IP standards are defined in Requests for Comments (RFCs), which are published by the
`Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and other working groups. The relevant RFCs
`supported in this version of Microsoft TCP/IP (and for Microsoft Remote Access Service) are
`described in the following table.
`
`Requests for Comments (RFCs) Supported by Microsoft TCPIIP
`RFC
`Title
`
`768
`
`783
`
`791
`
`792
`
`793
`
`826
`
`854
`
`862
`
`863
`
`864
`
`865
`
`867
`894
`
`User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
`
`Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
`
`Internet Protocol (IP)
`
`Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
`
`Transmission Control Protocol (TOP)
`
`Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
`
`Telnet Protocol (TELNET)
`
`Echo Protocol (ECHO)
`
`Discard Protocol (DISCARD)
`
`Character Generator Protocol (CHARGEN)
`
`Quote of the Day Protocol (QUOTE)
`
`Daytime Protocol (DAYTIME)
`IP over Ethernet
`
`919, 922
`
`IP Broadcast Datagrams (broadcasting with subnets)
`
`959
`
`File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
`
`Page 12 of 278
`
`

`

`1001, 1002
`
`NetBIOS Service Protocols
`
`1034, 1035
`
`Domain Name System (DOMAIN)
`
`1042
`
`1055
`
`1112
`
`[P over Token Ring
`
`Transmission of IP over Serial Lines (lP-SLIP)
`
`Intemet Gateway Multicast Protocol (IGMP)
`
`1122, 1123
`
`Host Requirements (communications and applications)
`
`1134
`
`1144
`
`1157
`1179
`
`1188
`
`1191
`1201
`
`1231
`
`1332
`1334
`
`1533
`
`1534
`
`1541
`
`1542
`
`1547
`
`1548
`
`1549
`
`1552
`
`1553
`
`1570
`
`Point to Point Protocol (PPP)
`
`Compressing TCPIIP Headers for Low-Speed Serial Links
`
`Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
`Line Printer Daemon Protocol
`
`IP over FDDI
`
`Path MTU Discovery
`IP over ARCNET
`
`IEEE 802.5 Token Ring MIB (MIB-ll)
`
`PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP)
`PPP Authentication Protocols
`
`DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions
`
`lnteroperation Between DHCP and BOOTP
`
`Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
`
`Clarifications and Extensions for the Bootstrap Protocol
`
`Requirements for Point to Point Protocol (PPP)
`
`Point to Point Protocol (PPP)
`
`PPP in High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) Framing
`
`PPP Internetwork Packet Exchange Control Protocol (IPXCP)
`
`IPX Header Compression
`
`Link Control Protocol (LCP) Extensions
`
`Draft RFCs
`
`NetBIOS Frame Control Protocol (NBFCP); PPP over ISDN; PPP over X.25;
`Compression Control Protocol
`
`All RFCs can be found on the Internet via ds.internic.net.
`
`In this version of Windows NT, Microsoft TCP/IP does not include a complete suite of TCP/IP
`connectivity utilities, Network File System (NFS) support, or some TCP/IP server services
`(daemons) such as routed and telnetd. Many such applications and utilities that are available
`in the public domain or from third-party vendors work with Microsoft TCP/IP.
`
`Tip
`For Windows for Workgroups computers and MS-DOSbased computers on a Microsoft
`network, you can install the new version of Microsoft TCP/IP-32 for Windows for Workgroups
`and the Microsoft Network Client version 2.0 for MS-DOS from the Windows NT Server 3.5
`
`compact disc. This software includes the DHCP and WINS clients and other elements of the
`new Microsoft TCP/IP software. For information about installing these clients, see Chapter 9,
`"Network Client Administrator," in the Windows NT Server Installation Guide.
`
`Page 13 of 278
`
`

`

`
`
`Page 14 of 278
`
`

`

`n Overview of Microsoft TCPIIP for Windows NT
`
`4 of8
`
`Windows NT Solutions in TCPIIP Internetworks
`
`When TCPIIP is used as a transport protocol with Windows NT, Windows NT computers can
`communicate with other kinds of systems without additional networking software. Microsoft
`TCP/IP in combination with other parts of Windows NT provides a scalable solution for
`enterprise networks that include a mix of system types and software on many platforms.
`
`This section summarizes how TCP/IP works with Windows NT to provide enterprise networking
`solutions. For information about how the elements discussed in this section fit within the
`
`networking architecture, see "TCP/IP and Windows NT Networking" in Chapter 3, "Networking
`Concepts for TCPIIP."
`
`Page 15 of 278
`
`

`

`n Overview of Microsoft TCPIIP for Windows NT
`
`5 of8
`
`
`
`Windows NT Solutions in TCPIIP Internetworks
`
`Using TCPIIP for Scalability in Windows Networks
`
`TCPIIP delivers a scalable internetworking technology widely supported by hardware and
`software vendors.
`
`When TCPIIP is used as the enterprise networking protocol, the Windows networking solutions
`from Microsoft can be used on an existing internetwork to provide client and server support for
`TCPIIP and connectivity utilities. These solutions include:
`
`' Microsoft Windows NT Workstation 3.5, with enhancements to support wide area networks
`(WAN), TCPIIP printing, extended LMHOSTS, Windows Sockets 1.1, FTP Server service
`software, and DHCP and WINS client software.
`
`' Microsoft Windows NT Server 3.5, with the same enhancements as Windows NT, plus
`DHCP server and WINS server software to support the implementation of these new
`protocols.
`
`' Microsoft TCPIIP-32 for Windows for Workgroups 3.11, with Windows Sockets support,
`can be used to provide access for Windows for Workgroups computers to Windows NT,
`LAN Manager, and other TCPIIP systems. Microsoft TCPIIP-32 includes DHCP and WINS
`client software.
`
`' Microsoft LAN Manager, including both client and server support for Windows Sockets,
`and MS-DOS®based connectivity utilities. The Microsoft Network Client 2.0 software on the
`Windows NT Server compact disc includes new Microsoft TCPIIP support with DHCP and
`WINS clients.
`
`The current version of TCPIIP for Windows NT also supports IP routing in systems with
`multiple network adapters attached to separate physical networks (multihomed systems).
`
`To other
`
`networks
`
`
`Page 16 of 278
`
`

`

`n Overview of Microsoft TCPIIP for Windows NT
`
`6 of8
`
`
`
`Windows NT Solutions in TCPIIP Internetworks
`
`Using TCPIIP for Connectivity to the Internet
`
`Microsoft TCPIIP provides Windows networking with a set of internetworking protocols based
`on open standards.
`
`Microsoft TCPIIP for Windows NT includes many common connectivity applications such as
`ftp, rsh, and telnet that support file transfer, remote process execution, and terminal emulation
`for communication on the Internet and between non-Microsoft network systems.
`
`TCPIIP applications created by researchers and other users, such as Gopher and NCSA
`Mosaic, are in the public domain or are available through other vendors as both 16-bit and
`32-bit Windows-based applications. Any of these applications that follow the Windows Sockets
`1.1 standard are compatible with Windows NT. Such applications allow a Windows NT
`computer to act as a powerful Internet client using the extensive internetworking components
`with public-domain viewers and applications to access Internet resources.
`
`NCSA Mosaic for MS Windows
`
`Eile Edit
`
`thions
`
`flavigate Annotate
`
`Starting Points
`
`flood Kill
`
`simple model was intended to simulate medimn-scale atmospheric convection.
`
`EMiscellaneous Internet Resources on the [1.3. Congressflig
`Main USE
`SCienCEPFESEH Qommands
`thions Bookmarks
`flelp
`Researchers
`i:
`Hobil], David; ii g
`Visualization
`a Electronic Mail Addresses for Members of Congress
`YUSL Jeffery; I
`[5!" Government Manuel: Legislative Branch (UMich)
`Other ”cancers
`fif- List of Firsts for 103rd Congress (UMd)
`_1‘
`-"______,
`_,
`___,_
`__'
`
`The Lorenz Attractor is a solution to a set of differential equations which displays some rather
`remarkable behavior and represents one of the landmarks in the field of Chaos. The equations
`describe the 2D flow of fluid in a simple rectangular box which is heated along the bottom. This
`
`
`
`Tip
`Public-domain Windows-based utilities such as LPR and Gopher can be obtained on the
`Internet via ftp.cica.indiana.edu in the Ipub/win3/nt or lpub/win3/winsock directory, or via the
`same directories on ftp.cdrom.com.
`
`Page 17 of 278
`
`

`

`n Overview of Microsoft TCPIIP for Windows NT
`
`7 of8
`
`
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`Windows NT Solutions in TCPIIP Internetworks
`
`TCPIIP for Heterogeneous Networking
`
`Because most modern operating systems (in addition to Windows NT) support TCPIIP
`protocols, an internetwork with mixed system types can share information using simple
`networking applications and utilities. With TCPIIP as a connectivity protocol, Windows NT can
`communicate with many non-Microsoft systems, including:
`'
`Internet hosts
`
`' Apples Macintosho systems
`'
`IBM® mainframes
`
`'
`
`UNIX systems
`
`' Open VMS® systems
`
`'
`
`Printers with network adapters connected directly to the network
`
`LAl-l
`Manager
`
`
`
`
`LAN lute-lager
`for UNIX host
`
`Windowa HT
`
`
`
`including RAS
`“mm” TCPI'F'
`/Windows for
`
`
`Workgroups
`
`Patl'imrka for VM
`
`Microsoft TCPIIP Connectivity
`
`Microsoft TCPIIP provides a framework for interoperable heterogeneous networking. The
`modular architecture of Windows NT networking with its transport-independent services
`contributes to the strength of this framework. For example, Windows NT supports these
`transport protocols, among many others:
`
`'
`
`'
`
`lPX/SPX for use in NetWare environments, using the Microsoft NWLink transport. Besides
`providing interoperability with NetWare networks, lPX/SPX is a fast LAN transport for
`Windows networking as well.
`
`TCPIIP for internetworks based on IP technologies. TCPIIP is the preferred transport for
`internetworks and provides interoperability with UNIX and other TCPIIP-based networks.
`
`' NetBEUl as the protocol for local area networking on smaller networks and compatibility
`with existing LAN Manager and Lan Server networks.
`
`' AppleTa|k® for connecting to and sharing resources with Macintosh systems.
`
`Other transport protocols provided by third-party vendors, such as DECnetw and OSI, can also
`be used by Windows NT networking services.
`
`Windows NT provides standard network programming interfaces through the Windows
`Sockets, RFC, and NetBlOS interfaces. Developers can take advantage of this heterogeneous
`
`Page 18 of 278
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`client-server platform to create custom applications that will run on any system in the
`enterprise. An example of such a service is Microsoft SQL Server, which uses Windows
`Sockets 1.1 to provide access to NetWare, MS-DOSbased, Windows NT, and UNIX clients.
`
`Page 19 of 278
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`n Overview of Microsoft TCPIIP for Windows NT
`
`3 of8
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`Windows NT Solutions in TCPIIP Internetworks
`
`Using TCPIIP with Third-Party Software
`
`TCP/IP is a common denominator for heterogeneous networking, and Windows Sockets is a
`standard used by application developers. Together they provide a framework for cross-platform
`client-server development. TCPIIP-aware applications from vendors that comply with the
`Windows Sockets standards can run over virtually any TCP/IP implementation.
`
`The Windows Sockets standard ensures compatibility with Windows-based TCP/lP utilities
`developed by more than 30 vendors. This includes third-party applications for the X Window
`System, sophisticated terminal emulation software, NFS, electronic mail packages, and more.
`Because Windows NT offers compatibility with 16-bit Windows Sockets, applications created
`for Windows 3.x Windows Sockets will run over Windows NT without modification or
`
`recompilation.
`
`For example, third-party applications for X Window provide strong connectivity solutions by
`means of X Window sewers, database servers, and terminal emulation. With such
`applications, a Windows NT computer can work as an X Window server platform while
`retaining compatibility with applications created for Windows NT, Windows 3.1, and MS-DOS
`on the same system. Other third-party software includes X Window client libraries for
`Windows NT, which allow developers to write X Window client applications on Windows NT
`that can be run and displayed remotely on X Window server systems.
`
`The Windows Sockets API is a networking APl used by programmers creating applications for
`both the Microsoft Windows NT and Windows operating systems. Windows Sockets is an open
`standard that is part of the Microsoft Windows Open System Architecture (WOSA) initiative. It
`is a public specification based on Berkeley UNIX sockets, which means that UNIX applications
`can be quickly ported to Microsoft Windows and Windows NT. Windows Sockets provides a
`single standard programming interface supported by all the major vendors implementing
`TCP/IP for Windows systems.
`
`The Windows NT TCP/lP utilities use Windows Sockets, as do 32-bit TCP/IP applications
`developed by third parties. Windows NT also uses the Windows Sockets interface to support
`Services for Macintosh and lPX/SPX in NWLink. Under Windows NT, 16-bit Windows-based
`applications created under the Windows Sockets standard will run without modification or
`recompilation. Most TCP/IP users will use programs that comply with the Windows Sockets
`standard, such as ftp or telnet or third-party applications.
`
`The Windows Sockets standard allows a developer to create an application with a single
`common interface and a single executable that can run over many of the TCP/IP
`implementations provided by vendors. The goals for Windows Sockets are the following:
`
`'
`
`Provide a familiar networking API to programmers using Windows NT, Windows for
`Workgroups, or UNIX
`
`' Offer binary compatibility between vendors for heterogeneous Windows-based TCP/lP
`stacks and utilities
`
`'
`
`Support both connection-oriented and connectionless protocols
`
`Typical Windows Sockets applications include graphic connectivity utilities, terminal emulation
`software, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and electronic mail clients, network printing
`utilities, SQL client applications, and corporate client-server applications.
`
`If you are interested in developing a Windows Sockets application, specifications for Windows
`Sockets are available on the Internet from ftp.microsoft.com, on CompuServeo in the MSL
`
`Page 20 of 278
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`library, and in the Microsoft Win32® Software Developers Kit.
`
`’ To get a copy of the Windows Sockets specification via anonymous FTP
`
`1.
`
`9P?!”
`
`.0)
`
`Make sure you have write permission in your current working directory.
`
`Start ftp and connect to ftp.microsoft.com (or 198.105.232.1).
`
`Log on as anonymous.
`
`Type your electronic mail address for the password.
`
`Type cd \advsys\winsock\spec11 and press ENTER.
`
`Use the dir command to see the list of available file types. If you want binary data such as
`in the Microsoft Word version, type bin and press ENTER.
`
`Determine the file with the format you want [for example, ASCII (.TXT), PostScript® (.PS),
`or Microsoft Word (.DOC)], and then type get winsock.ext where ext is the format that you
`want, such as winsock.doc for the Microsoft Word version.
`
`} To get a copy of the Windows Sockets specification from CompuServe
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`Type go msl and press ENTER.
`
`Browse using the keywords windows sockets.
`
`Choose the file with the format you want [ASCII (.TXT), PostScript (.PS), or Microsoft Word
`for Windows (.DOC)], and then type get winsock.ext.
`
`There is also an electronic mailing list designed for discussion of Windows Sockets
`programming.
`
`’ To subscribe to the Windows Sockets mailing list
`
`Send electronic mail to listserv@sunsite.unc.edu with a message body that contains
`subscribe winsock user's-email—address.
`
`You can use the same procedure to subscribe to two mailing lists called winsock-hackers
`and winsock-users.
`
`Page 21 of 278
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`Bffii
`I Chapt_er g
`Installing and Configuring Microsoft
`TCP/IP and SNMP
`
`This